Salicylate testing
4532349
133012951
2007-05-23T20:31:23Z
CmdrObot
1079367
sp (3): in vitro→''in vitro'', labled→labeled
'''Salicylate testing''' is a category of [[drug testing]] that is focused on detecting salicylates such as [[salicylic acid|acetysalicylic acid]] for either biochemical or medical purposes.
== Analytical ==
Salicylates can be identified by [[Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry|GC/MS]] ([http://www.chem.bham.ac.uk/schools/aspirin/ms.htm link]), [[proton NMR]] ([http://www.chem.bham.ac.uk/schools/aspirin/1h.htm link]), and [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]] ([http://www.chem.bham.ac.uk/schools/aspirin/ir.htm link]).
== In Vitro ==
One of the first ''in vitro'' tests for aspirin was through the Trinder reaction. [[Aqueous]] [[Ferric chloride]] was added to a urine sample, and the formation of the iron complex turned the solution purple. This test was not specific to [[acetylsalicylic acid]], but would occur in the presence of any [[phenol]] or [[enol]]. The downfall of this test occurs in the presence of hyperbilirubinemia, or elevated [[bilirubin]]. When the level of bilirubin exceeds 1 [[Milligram|mg]]/[[Litre|dl]], a [[false positive]] could occur.
== Enzyme Specific Assay ==
The current ''in vitro'' testing utilizes molecule specific methods of detecting salicylates. One test by Cambridge Life Sciences utilizes Salicylate Hydroxylase, a salicylate specific enzyme ([http://www.cambridgelifesciences.co.uk/downloads/Ifu/Salicylate%20IFU%20K5056%20v04.pdf 1]).
== Immunoassay ==
Another identification mechanism is through [[immunoassay]]. [[Abbott Laboratories|Abbott Labs']] [[Axsym|AxSYM]] is an immunoassay device utilizing Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) technology that can determine the presence and quantify salicylates. The introduction of a salicylate specific [[antigen]] labeled with [[fluorescein]] into the sample will mark the sample. Upon irradiation with 490[[nanometer|nm]] light, some of that light will be reflected back to a detector at 520[[nanometer|nm]]. Polarization allows the machine to detect the difference between [[antibody]] bound, and unbound fluorescein. It is therefore possible to quantify the [[serum]] salicylate level through the signal strength -- the amount of reflected light received.
[[Category:chemical tests]]
[[Category:Serology]]