Samuel Hubbard Scudder
3019829
198662943
2008-03-16T17:27:33Z
Duke Ganote
507104
link to Dr David Howard's site , and ref link to Shaler
[[Image:Samuel_Hubbard_Scudder_1837-1911.jpg|thumb]]
'''Samuel Hubbard Scudder''' was an [[United States|American]] [[entomologist]] and [[palaeontologist]].
He was born [[13 April]] [[1837]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]] and died in the same city [[17 May]] [[1911]].
Scudder may be most widely known for his essay on the importance of first-hand, careful observation in the natural sciences. The treatise on [[inductive reasoning]], entitled "The Student, [[Haemulidae|the Fish]], and Agassiz"<ref>"The Story behind the Story of 'The Student, the Fish, and Agassiz'" Dr. David Howard states that the story appears to derive from versions by well-known students of Professor Agassiz: Scudder and [[Nathaniel Shaler]]. "Scudder's version is a fuller, more detailed account than Shaler's."
[http://www.bethel.edu/~dhoward/resources/Agassizfish/storybehind.htm]
</ref>, reflects his initial experience under the tutelage of [[Louis Agassiz]] at [[Harvard University]].
He graduated at [[Williams College]] in 1857 and at [[Harvard University]] in 1862,<ref>New International Encyclopedia</ref> was a leading figure in American entomology from 1858, and the first North American insect [[palaeontologist]]. He also undertook systematic work with [[Lepidoptera]] (almost exclusively butterflies), [[Orthoptera]] , [[Mantodea]] and[[Cockroaches | Blattoidea]] and fossil [[Arthropoda]].
A student of [[Mark Hopkins]] at [[Williams College]] and [[Louis Agassiz]] at [[Harvard University]], Scudder was a prolific writer, publishing 791 papers between 1858-1902, on insect [[biogeography]] and paleobiogeography, insect behavior [[ontogeny]] and [[phylogeny]], insect songs, [[trace fossils]], [[evolution]], [[insect biology]] and [[economic entomology]].
He also wrote on [[ethnology]], general [[geology]], and [[geography]].
His masterwork of fossil terrestrial [[arthropod]] research was the two-volume set Fossil Insects of North America: The Pre-tertiary Insects (1890) (a collection of his previous papers on [[Paleozoic]] and [[Mesozoic]] insects) and The Tertiary Insects of North America (1890)
He also published comprehensive reviews of the then-known fossil cockroaches of the world (1879), Carboniferous cockroaches of the United States (1890, 1895), and fossil terrestrial arthropods of the world (1886, 1891).
Scudder's ''Nomenclator Zoologicus'' (1882-1884) was a seminal and comprehensive list of all generic and family names (Zoology including insects).
Scudder’s other contributions include: Curator, Librarian, Custodian, and President of the [[Boston Society of Natural History]] (1859-1870, 1880-1887); co-founder of the [[Cambridge Entomological Club]] and its journal [[Psyche (entomological journal)|Psyche]] (1874); General Secretary of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (1875) (Vice-President (1894).); First editor of Science (1883-1885); [[United States Geological Survey]] Paleontologist (1886-1892); etal.
==Works==
* ''The Student, [[Haemulidae|the Fish]], and Agassiz'', American Poems (3rd ed.; Boston: Houghton, Osgood & Co., 1879): pp. 450-54 [http://www.bethel.edu/~dhoward/resources/Agassizfish/Agassizfish.htm]
* ''Butterflies: Their Structure, Changes, and Life Histories'' (1881)
* Nomenclator zoologicus : an alphabetical list of all generic names that have been employed by naturalists for recent and fossil animals from the earliest times to the close of the year 1879 ''Bulletin of the United States national museum Washington'' Government printing office, 1882. XIX-340 p. (1882). On line at Gallica [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97028w]
* ''Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada'' (1889)
* ''The Fossil Insects of North America'' (two volumes, 1890)
* ''Index to the Known Fossil Insects of the World'' (1891)
* ''Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of the United States'' (1893)
* ''The Life of a Butterfly'' (1893)
* ''Frail Children of the Air: Excursions into the World of Butterflies'' (1895)
* ''Revision of the Orthopteran Group Melanopli'' (1897)
* ''Everyday Butterflies'' (1899)
* ''Catalogue of the Described Orthoptera of the United States and Canada'' (1900)
* ''Adephagous and Clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary Deposits at Florissant, Colorado'' (1900)
* ''Index to North American Orthoptera'' (1901)
==Notes==
<references/>
[[Category:American entomologists|Scudder, Samuel Hubbard]]
[[Category:People from Boston, Massachusetts|Scudder, Samuel Hubbard]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni|Scudder, Samuel Hubbard]]
[[Category:1837 births|Scudder, Samuel Hubbard]]
[[Category:1911 deaths|Scudder, Samuel hubbard]]
[[de:Samuel Hubbard Scudder]]
[[fr:Samuel Hubbard Scudder]]
[[it:Samuel Hubbard Scudder]]