Sanaag 185126 move=:edit= 222432768 2008-06-29T09:16:51Z Camalle 7370967 [[Image:Somalia regions map Sanaag.svg|thumb|Location of Sanaag in northern Somalia]] '''Sanaag''' ([[Somali language|Somali]]: ''Sanaag'') is a region (''[[Regions of Somalia|gobol]]'') in northern [[Somalia]]. Sanaag is claimed by the two self-proclaimed but internationally-unrecognized states of [[Somaliland]], [[Puntland]], and the self-declared autonomous state [[Maakhir]]. It was the largest region of formerly [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]]. Its capital city is [[Ceerigaabo]] (Erigavo). Sanaag has a long coastline facing the [[Gulf of Aden]] to the north and is bordered by the [[Regions of Somalia|Somalian regions]] of [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]], [[Sool]] and [[Bari, Somalia|Bari]]. The most important towns are Ceerigaabo, [[Badhan, Sanaag|Badhan]], [[Las Khorey]], Dhahar, [[Ceel Afweyn]], Huluul, Fadhi-gaab [[Hadaaftimo]],[[Mindigale]], [[Xingalool]], [[Yubbe City]], [[Buraan]], [[Damala Xagare]], [[Maydh]], [[Ceelbuh]], [[Gar Adag]], [[Hadaaftimo]], [[Kaladhacda]], Laas-doomaare and [[Awrboogays]]. ==Environment== A severe [[drought]] in the region in the early part of the 21st century caused an 80% or greater loss of livestock, though two good [[Wet season|rainy seasons]] in 2004–2005 helped restore the area. Over a 15-year period of analysis, from 1988–2003, there was a 52% loss of [[forest]] and a 40% loss of [[grassland]], and a 370% increase in bare land. Soil [[erosion]] due to [[weather]] and human activities and clearing of wood and brush for such uses as [[charcoal]] and fuel are issues leading to a degradation of the environment.<ref name=ENVIRONMENTAL-STUDY-OF-DEGRADATION>{{cite web |title=Environmental Study of Degradation in the Sool Plateau and Gebi Valley: Sanaag Region of Northern Somalia |url=http://www.hornrelief.org/Study%20Reports/Environmental%20Study%20of%20Degradation%20in%20Sool%20Plateau%20and%20Gebi.pdf |publisher=[[Horn Relief]] |date=February 2006 |accessdate=2007-02-06 }}</ref> ==Territorial dispute== {{main|Somaliland-Puntland dispute}} [[Image:Map of somaliland border claims.jpg|thumb|right|Somaliland border dispute with Puntland. As of July 1, 2007, part of the disputed territory declared the state of [[Maakhir]].]] Sanaag is a disputed region, claimed as [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] territory by the two self-proclaimed but internationally-unrecognized states of [[Somaliland]] and [[Puntland]], as well as defined as part of the Somali Republic according to the 2004 [[Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic]] of the [[Transitional Federal Government]] (TFG). The dispute between Somaliland and Puntland stems from 1998, when Puntland formed and declared the region as part of its territory.<ref name=REMARKS-ON-THE-1998-CHARTER-OF-PUNTLAND-STATE-OF-SOMALIA>{{cite web |title=Remarks on the 1998 Charter of Puntland State of Somalia |url=http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivejuly/000812601.htm |date=[[2000-08-12]] |publisher=[[Somalia Watch]] |acccessdate=2007-01-18 }}</ref> Prior to that, it had been claimed by Somaliland since the 1991 events of the [[Somali Civil War]]. Beginning in 2003, the forces of Puntland entered and occupied the region based on [[Irredentism|irredentist]] desires, due to the large Darod clan population in the area. Somaliland claimed the territory as part of the original bounds of British Somaliland. Fighting between the two forces led to casualties and captured prisoners, who were later exchanged. As a related contention, in 2005 Puntland tried to sell off [[mineral rights]] to [[Investment|foreign investors]], including the disputed territories of [[Sool]] and Sanaag.<ref name=SOMALIAS-PUNTLAND-SOLD-EXPLORATION-RIGHTS-IN-SOMALILAND>{{cite news |title=Somalia's Puntland Sold Exploration Rights In ‎Somaliland |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2005/211/22.shtml |date=[[2006-02-01]] |publisher=[[Somaliland Times]] |accessdate= }}</ref><ref name=SOMALILAND-PUNTLAND-EXCHANGE-DETAINEES>{{cite news |title=Somaliland, Puntland Exchange Detainees |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2005/203/21.shtml |date=[[2005-12-07]] |publisher=[[Somaliland Times]] |accessdate=2007-01-18 }}</ref> The dispute with the TFG stems from the passage of the new Charter in November 2004. However, this was not a pragmatic issue until the military successes of the government in the 2006–2007 [[War in Somalia (2006–present)|war in Somalia]]. Assertions of sovereignty in January 2007 by the TFG leadership sparked riots in Somaliland, both for and against a reunification with the south.<ref name=ANTI-SOMALIA-GOVT-PROTEST-RAGES-IN-SOMALILAND>{{cite news |title=Anti Somalia government protest rages in Somaliland |url=http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6740 |date=[[2007-01-16]] |publisher=[[SomaliNet]] |accessdate=2007-01-16 }}</ref><ref name=PRO-GOVT-RALLY-TAKES-PLACE-IN-NW-SOMALIA>{{cite news |title=Pro-government rally take place in northwest Somalia |url=http://www.shabelle.net/news/ne2096.htm |publisher=[[Shabelle Media Network]] |date=[[2007-01-17]] |accessdate=2007-01-19 }}</ref> In July 1, 2007, the state of [[Maakhir]] was declared on the area. It claims independence from both Puntland and Somaliland.<ref>[http://www.laasqoray.net/view_article.php?articleid=1055 The Formation of The Maakhir State of Somalia]</ref> {{clear}} ==Districts of Sanaag Region== According to the Republic of Somalia, before 1991 Sanaag was Divided into 5 Districts which are as follows:<ref>Gwillim Law, [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html "Districts of Somalia "], ''Statoids'', December 31, 1990</ref> *[[Badhan, Sanaag|Badhan]] - Warsangeli *[[Ceel Afwayn]] - Isaaq *[[Ceerigaabo]] - Isaaq, Warsangeli and Dhulbahante *[[Dhahar]] - Warsangeli *[[Laasqoray]] - Warsangeli According to the Republic of Puntland, the Sanaag region consists of 10 districts with Badhan being the Capital of the region. The Transitional Federal government also recognizes Puntland as an official state so as as its regions and districts. The Districts of Sanaag are: *[[Erigavo]] - Habar Jeclo, Habar Yonis, Warsangeli and Dhulbahante *[[Hadaaftimo]] - Warsangeli *[[Xingalol]] - Warsangeli *[[Dhahar]] - Warsangeli *[[Buraan]] - Warsangeli *[[Xabasha Wacle]] - Warsangeli *[[Badhan, Sanaag|Badhan]] - Warsangeli *[[Las Khorey]] - Warsangeli *[[Kaladhacda]] - Warsangeli *[[Ceelbuh]] - Warsangeli According to the Republic of Somaliland, as of July 2002, Sanaag was formally divided into 10 districts, rated "A" through "D" in terms; districts graded "D" were limited, because "their district councils shall not be elected at first local government elections as their borders have not yet been delineated."<ref name=SOMALILAND-REGIONS-AND-DISTRICTS-LAW>{{cite web|title=Republic of Somaliland: Regions and Districts Law (Law No: 23/2002)|url=http://www.somalilandforum.com/somaliland/law/regions_distric_law.html|date=[[2002-07-29]]|publisher=Translation of [[Republic of Somaliland]] government document|accessdate=2007-02-22 }}</ref> Thusly, under the 2005 elections for the lower house of Parliament, Sanaag was described as only having six districts.<ref name=SOMALILAND-ELECTIONS-FOR-THE-LOWER-HOUSE-OF-PARLIAMENT-SEPTEMBER-2005>{{cite web|title=Somaliland: Elections for the Lower House of Parliament September 2005|url=http://www.humanrights.uio.no/forskning/publ/nr/2006/0306.pdf|date=September 2005|publisher=Norwegian Centre for Human Rights/NORDEM|accessdate=2007-02-22 }}</ref> Here is the list of districts of Sanaag and their "Grade": *[[Erigavo]] (A) - Habar Jeclo, Habar Yonis, Warsengeli and Dhulbahante *[[El-Afweyn]] (A) - Habar-jeclo *[[Badhan, Sanaag|Badhan]] (A) - Warsengeli *[[Lasqoray]] (A) - Warsangeli *[[Dhahar]] (A) - Warsangeli *[[Gar-adag]] (C) - Habar-jeclo *[[Xingalool]] (B) - Warsengeli *[[Ceelbuh]] (D) - Warsengeli *[[Buraan]] (C) - Warsengeli *[[Hadaaftimo]] (C) - Warsengeli ==See also== *[[Northern Somali sultanates]] ==Image Gallery== <gallery> Image:1-Luulyo-Badhan(4).jpg|Declaration of Maakhir, Badhan Image:1-Luulyo-Badhan(1).jpg|Declaration of Maakhir, Badhan Image:Ceerigaabo.jpg‎|Erigavo city, the capital city of Sanaag, Somalia Image:Badhan.jpg‎|Centre of Badhan, Maakhir, Somalia Image:DSC02064.JPG‎ |Nice house in Badhan, Maakhir Image:DSC02066.JPG|Another top house in Badhan, Maakhir, Somalia Image:Geeldoora3.JPG|Almadow Forest, Maakhir, Somalia Image:Geeldoora4.JPG|Almadow Forest, Maakhir, Somalia Image:Geeldoora5.JPG|Almadow Forest, Maakhir, Somalia Image:Cal Madow forest.JPG|Almadow Forest, Maakhir, Somalia Image:Hadaftimo3.JPG‎|Hadaaftimo, Maakhir, Somalia Image:Hadaftimo4.JPG‎|Hadaaftimo, Maakhir, Somalia Image:Geeldoora9.JPG|Almadow Forest, Maakhir, Somalia </gallery> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.geocities.com/~dagmawi/NewsLetter_Jul14.html Ethiopian Internet Newsletter], ''The Eritrea-Ethiopia Conflict Webpage'', Issue No. 10 *Gwillim Law, [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html "Districts of Somalia"], ''Statoids'', December 31, 1990 *{{cite web | title = Map of Puntland State | publisher = Puntlandgov | date = October 2006 | url = http://www.puntlandgovt.com/map.php | accessdate = 03-16-07 }} *[http://www.laasqorayport.org/index.asp Laasqorey port] *[http://www.togdheernews.com/front.html Togdheer News Network ] (in Somaliland). *[http://www.maakhir.com Makhir.com] *[http://www.laasqoray.net LaasQoray.net] *[http://www.radiosanaag.com RadioSanaag.com] *[http://www.dhahar.com Dhahar.com] *[http://www.allSanaag.com AllSanaag.com] *[http://www.allkismaayo.com Kismaayo] * [http://www.gibbonsstampmonthly.com/Journals/GSM/Gibbons_Stamp_Monthly/July_2005/attachments/jlsomaliland.pdf The Birth of the Somaliland Protectorate's own Postage Stamps] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]] file). *[http://www.puntlandgovt.com/map.php puntlandgovt] *[http://www.somalilandgov.com/slmap.htm somalilandgov] {{Somalia_Regions}} {{Regions of Somaliland}} [[Category:Districts of Somalia]] [[de:Sanaag]] [[es:Sanaag]] [[eu:Sanaag]] [[fr:Sanaag]] [[it:Sanaag]] [[nl:Sanaag]] [[pt:Sanaag]] [[so:Sanaag]] [[fi:Sanaag]] [[sv:Sanaag]]