Sanatorium
938121
225393699
2008-07-13T13:12:31Z
Mwanner
93358
/* See also */ +Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium
{{For|the musical group with the same name|Sanatorium (band)}}
[[Image:SanatoriumGrunwald Sokolowsko.jpg|thumb|One of the remaining turrets of the [[Grunwald]] Sanatorium (now [[Sokolowsko]], Poland).]]
A '''sanatorium''' (also '''sanitorium''', '''sanitarium''') is a medical facility for long-term illness, typically [[tuberculosis]]. A distinction was sometimes made between a "sanitarium" (a kind of health resort, as in the [[Battle Creek Sanitarium]]) and "sanatorium" (a hospital).
According to the Saskatchewan Lung Association, when the National Anti-Tuberculosis Association (Canada) was founded in 1904, it was felt that a distinction should be made between the health resorts with which people were familiar and the new tuberculosis treatment hospitals: "So they decided to use a new word which instead of being derived from the Latin noun sanitas, meaning health, would emphasize the need for scientific healing or treatment. Accordingly, they took the [[Latin]] verb root sano, meaning to heal, and adopted the new word sanatorium" <ref>[http://www.lung.ca/tb/tbhistory/sanatoriums/type.html An History of the Fight Against Tuberculosis in Canada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
The rationale for sanatoriums was that before [[antibiotic]] treatments existed, a regime of rest and good nutrition offered the best chance that the sufferer's [[immune system]] would "wall off" pockets of [[pulmonary]] tuberculosis infection.
In the early twentieth century, tuberculosis sanatoriums (or sanatoria) were common in the [[United States]]. The first tuberculosis sanatorium for blacks was [[Burkeville, Virginia]]'s [[Piedmont Sanatorium]]. [[Waverly Hills Sanatorium]], a [[Louisville, Kentucky]] tuberculosis sanatorium, was founded in 1911. It has become a mecca for curiosity-seekers who believe it is haunted <ref>[http://www.louisvillecardinal.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2003/10/21/3f94b487286b5]{{Dead link|date=March 2008}}</ref>. [[Colorado Springs]], because of its dry climate was home to several sanatoriums. [[Sunland Hospital#A.G. Holley Hospital in Lantana|A. G. Holley Hospital]] in Lantana, [[Florida]] is the last remaining freestanding tuberculosis sanatorium in the United States <ref>[http://www.doh.state.fl.us/AGHolley/index.html A.G. Holley Hospital<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
Sanatoriums were also common throughout Europe from the end of the late 19th century onwards, particularly in the fight against tuberculosis. For example, [[Switzerland]] had many sanatoriums, as it was believed that clean mountain air was the best treatment for [[lung diseases]]. In [[Finland]] a series of tuberculosis sanatoriums were built throughout the country in isolated forest areas, the most famous of these being the [[Paimio Sanatorium]], built in 1930 and designed by world-renowned architect [[Alvar Aalto]], with its roof-top terraces where the patients would lay all day on specially designed chairs, the so-called [[Paimio Chair]]. In [[Portugal]], the Heliantia Sanatorium in [[Valadares]], was used for the treatment of bone tuberculosis between the 1930s and 1960s.
[[Image:Paimio Sanatorium1.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Paimio Sanatorium]], [[Finland]], designed by [[Alvar Aalto]]]]
After 1943, when [[Albert Schatz]], a graduate student at [[Rutgers University]], discovered [[Streptomycin]], the first true cure for tuberculosis, sanatoriums began to close, or (as in the case of the Paimio Sanatorium) were transformed into general hospitals. Around the 1950s, tuberculosis was no longer a major [[public health]] threat and so most of the sanatoriums had reached the end of their lives. Most sanatoriums were demolished years ago.
Some, however, have assumed updated medical roles. The [[Tambaram Sanatorium]] in south [[India]] is now a hospital for [[AIDS]] patients <ref>[http://education.vsnl.com/thoracic/page1.html Govt. Hospital of Thoracic Medicine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. The state hospital in [[Sanatorium, Mississippi]] is now a regional [[mental retardation]] center.
==Former Soviet Union==
In the former [[Soviet Union]] the term has a slightly different meaning. It is mostly a combination of a resort/recreational facility and a medical facility intended to provide short-term complex rest and medical services, thus it is common to [[Destination spa|SPA]] resorts
==In literature==
*''[[The Magic Mountain]]'', a novel by the [[German people|German]] author [[Thomas Mann]], is set in a sanatorium. Mann was familiar with this type of setting from 1912 when his wife was hospitalized with lung disease for several months in Dr. Friedrich Jessen's ''Waldsanatorium'' in [[Davos]], [[Switzerland]]. ''The Magic Mountain'' was first published in in 1924.
* Mentioned in The Dressmaker as one of the characters is sent there. Set in the 1950s.
==See also==
{{commons|Tuberculosis hospitals}}
*[[Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium]]
*[[Losheng Sanatorium]]
*[[Waverly Hills Sanatorium]]
==References==
*[http://www.lung.ca/tb/tbhistory/sanatoriums/type.html The Sanatorium Age: "Sanatorium" vs. "Sanitarium"], The Saskatchewan Lung Association.
*[http://www.louisvillecardinal.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2003/10/21/3f94b487286b5 Waverly Hills Sanatorium still source of local curiosity], Douglas Kleier, Jr., Louisville Cardinal Online, Oct. 21, 2003.
*[http://www.bartleby.com/68/59/5259.html Sanitarium, sanatorium, sanitorium] — The Columbia Guide to Standard American English, 1993.
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Hospitals]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Resorts by type]]
[[da:Sanatorium]]
[[de:Sanatorium]]
[[es:Sanatorio]]
[[fr:Sanatorium]]
[[ko:요양소]]
[[it:Sanatorio]]
[[mk:Санаториум]]
[[nl:Sanatorium]]
[[ja:サナトリウム]]
[[pl:Sanatorium]]
[[ru:Санаторий]]
[[sv:Sanatorium]]
[[uk:Санаторій]]
[[zh:療養院]]