Sandwich
82425
226136798
2008-07-16T23:57:01Z
Owlgorithm
2496987
/* List of regional sandwich styles */ famous and unique enough that it already has its own page
{{otheruses}}
[[Image:Club-sandwich.jpg|thumb|180px|right|[[Club Sandwich]]]]
[[Image:Sandwich.jpg|thumb|180px|right|French bread sandwich with chips]]
[[Image:Sandwich-making.JPG|thumb|180px|right|Sandwich making]]
[[Image:Italian Sandwich.jpeg|180px|thumb|right|[[Submarine sandwich]]]]
A '''sandwich''' is a food item made of two or more slices of [[Leavening agent|leavened]] [[bread]] with one or more layers of filling, typically [[meat]] or [[cheese]], with the addition of [[vegetable]]s or [[salad]]. The bread can be used as is, or it can be coated with [[butter]], [[vegetable oil|oil]], [[mustard]] or other [[condiment]]s to enhance flavor and texture.
==History==
The first form of sandwich is attributed to the ancient [[Judaism|Jewish]] sage [[Hillel the Elder]], who is said to have put meat from the [[Korban Pesach|Paschal lamb]] and [[maror|bitter herbs]] inside [[matzo]] (or flat,unleavened bread) during [[Passover]]. The filling between the matzos served as a reminder to [[Israelites]] of their forced labor constructing Egyptian buildings.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}.
During the [[Middle Ages]], thick slabs of coarse and usually stale bread, called "trenchers", were used as plates. After a meal, the food-soaked trencher was fed to a dog, less fortunate beggars, or eaten by the diner. Trenchers were as much the harbingers of [[Open sandwich |open-face sandwiches]]<ref>[http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/SandwichHistory.htm What's Cooking America], ''Sandwiches, History of Sandwiches''. [[February 2]], [[2007]].</ref> as they were of disposable dishware. The immediate cultural precursor with a direct connection to the English sandwich was to be found in seventeenth-century [[Holland]], where the naturalist [[John Ray]] observed<ref>Ray, ''Observations topographical, moral, & physiological; made in a journey through part of the Low Countries, Germany, Italy, and France...'' (vol. I, 1673) quoted in [[Simon Schama]], ''The Embarrassment of Riches'' (1987:152).</ref> that in the taverns beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices and eat with bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter"— explanatory specifications that reveal the Dutch ''belegde broodje'' was as yet unfamiliar in England.
The first written usage of the English word appeared in [[Edward Gibbon]]'s journal, in longhand, referring to "bits of cold meat" as a 'Sandwich'.<ref>''[[OED]]'' gives its appearance as 1762.</ref> It was named after [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich]], an 18th-century English aristocrat, although he was neither the inventor nor sustainer of the food. It is said that Lord Sandwich was fond of this form of food because it allowed him to continue playing cards, particularly [[cribbage]], while eating without getting his cards greasy from eating meat with his bare hands.<ref>[http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/SandwichHistory.htm Sandwiches: History of Sandwiches]</ref>
The rumour in its familiar form appeared in [[Pierre Jean Grosley]]'s ''Londres'' (Neichatel, 1770), translated as ''A Tour to London'' 1772;<ref>Grosley, ''Londres'' (Neuchatel, 1770) and ''A Tour to London, or, New observations on England and its inhabitants, translated from the French by Thomas Nugent''
(London : Printed for Lockyer Davis) 1772; [http://www.faktoider.nu/sandwich.html Hexmasters Faktoider: Sandwich]: English quotes from Grosley 1772</ref> Grosley's impressions had been formed during a year in London, 1765. The sober alternative is provided by Sandwich's biographer, N.A.M. Rodger, who suggests Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics and the arts mean the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his desk.
It is also possible that Sandwich's wife's sister's husband, [[Jerome, 2nd Count de Salis|Jerome de Salis]], who was born in the [[Graubünden|Grisons Republic]] of Switzerland, taught him about sandwiches.<!--his -->
If it was initially perceived as food men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich slowly began appearing in polite society as a late-night meal among the aristocracy. The sandwich's popularity in Spain and England increased dramatically during the 19th century, when the rise of an industrial society and the working classes made fast, portable, and inexpensive meals essential.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Food and Culture'', Solomon H. Katz, editor (Charles Scribner's Sons: New York) 2003</ref>
It was at the same time that the sandwich finally began to appear outside of Europe. In the [[United States]], the sandwich was first promoted as an elaborate supper meal. By the early 20th century, as bread became a staple of the American diet, the sandwich became the same kind of popular, quick meal as was widespread in the Mediterranean.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Food and Culture,'' Solomon H. Katz, editor (Charles Scribner's Sons: New York) 2003</ref>
==Usage==
Sandwiches are commonly carried to work, school or [[picnics]] to be eaten as the midday meal as part of a [[packed lunch]]. They are generally made of a combination of vegetables, meat, and/or a variety of sauces. They are widely sold in restaurants and [[cafe]]s. They are popular throughout the [[world]]{{Fact|date=June 2008}}.
==List of regional sandwich styles==
{{refbegin|2}}
*[[Bacon butty]] - butty is UK slang for sandwich, also known as 'sarny'
*[[Banh Mi]] - Vietnam
*[[Barros Jarpa]] - Chile, melted cheese and fried ham
*[[Barros Luco]] - Chile, melted cheese and thin fried beef
*[[BLT sandwich|BLT]] -USA, bacon, lettuce, and tomato
* [[Breakfast Roll]] Ireland
*[[Bun Kabab]] - Pakistan
*[[Butterbrot]] - Germany, Graubrot (grey bread)
*[[Caprese]] - mozzarella, tomato, fresh basil
*[[Cheesesteak]] - Philadelphia
*[[Chip butty]] - England, [[chips]] ([[french fries]]).
*[[Choripán]] - Argentina, Uruguay and Chile, grilled [[chorizo]]
*[[Club sandwich]] - USA primarily, variety of fillings
*[[Croque-monsieur]] - France, ham and cheese
*[[Cuban sandwich]] - Cuba, ham and cheese
*[[Cucumber sandwich]] - England [[afternoon tea]] classic
*[[Dagwood sandwich]] - USA, distinguished by size more than contents
*[[Elvis sandwich]] - USA, fried sandwich containing peanut butter, bananas, and sometimes bacon
*[[Fluffernutter]], [[New England]] variation on peanut butter and jelly
*[[Francesinha]] - Portugal, made with wet-cured ham, [[linguiça]], other sausages and meat, covered with molten cheese and beer sauce.
*[[Grilled cheese sandwich|Grilled cheese]]
*[[Gyros]]-[[pita]] or [[Souvlaki]]-pita - Greece, meat in pita bread
*[[Hamburger]] - USA, ground meat patty in a round bun
*[[Hero sandwich]] - USA, similar to sub
*[[Hoagie]] - USA, similar to sub (though generally having less nutrition)
*[[Hotdog]] - sausage in an oblong bun (origins disputed)
*[[Ichigo-sando]] - Japan, strawberry and cream
*[[Katsu-sando]] - Japan, [[tonkatsu]]
*[[Melt sandwich]], [[Tuna melt]], [[Patty melt]], etc. - filling includes melted cheese
*[[Monte Cristo sandwich]] - USA, based on fried bread
*[[Mother-in-law sandwich]] - [[Chicagoland]] [[fast food]] staple that features a Mississippi [[tamale]] nestled in a [[hot dog]] bun and smothered with [[chili]]
*[[Muffuletta]] - New Orleans, based on Sicilian bread
*[[Open sandwich]] or ''open-faced sandwich''
*[[Panino|Panini]] - Italy/USA, refers to type of bread
*[[Pastrami on rye]] - Classic of the Jewish deli
*[[Peanut butter and jelly sandwich]]
*[[Po' boy]] (literally "poor boy") - USA/New Orleans, similar to sub
*[[Reuben sandwich]] - USA, sauerkraut with Swiss cheese and corned beef or pastrami
*[[Roti john]] - A variation of sandwich that is very popular in Singapore and Malaysia
*[[Sandwich loaf]] - looks like a cake
*[[Sandwiches de miga]] - Argentina
*[[Shawarma]] - a Middle Eastern-style sandwich usually composed of shaved lamb, goat, or chicken.
*[[Sloppy Joe]] - USA, based on ground beef and flavorings
*[[Smörgåstårta]] - Sweden, variety of "sandwich cake"
*[[Steamed Sandwich]] - USA/Kentucky
*[[Submarine sandwich]] or sub
*[[Tea sandwich]] - small sandwiches for [[afternoon tea]]
*[[Toasted sandwich]]
*[[Torta]] - Mexico
*[[Wrap (food)|Wrap]] - USA Modern adaptation of tortilla sandwiches.
{{refend}}
Some of these are distinguished primarily by the bread or method of preparation, rather than the filling. The list does not include single-ingredient sandwiches although there are references to many on Wikipedia.
==See also==
*[[Double-decker#Food-related_meanings|Double-decker]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons|Sandwich|Sandwich}}
{{cookbook}}
*[http://www.sandwich.org.uk The British Sandwich Association]
*[http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/11/10/arguments_spread_thick "Arguments spread thick: Is a burrito a sandwich?"] regarding a 2006 United States court ruling.
*[http://www.sandwichproject.co.uk The Sandwich Project (UK)] Huge collection of recipes.
*[http://www.sandwich-company.eu/en/ The German Sandwich Project]
[[Category:Sandwiches| ]]
[[Category:British cuisine]]
[[Category:American cuisine]]
[[ang:Sandwīc (ǣt)]]
[[ar:شطيرة]]
[[br:Sandwich]]
[[da:Sandwich]]
[[de:Sandwich (Lebensmittel)]]
[[es:Sándwich]]
[[eo:Sandviĉo]]
[[eu:Ogitarteko]]
[[fr:Sandwich]]
[[ko:샌드위치]]
[[id:Roti lapis]]
[[is:Samloka]]
[[it:Sandwich (cucina)]]
[[he:כריך]]
[[ka:სენდვიჩი]]
[[lt:Sumuštinis]]
[[hu:Szendvics]]
[[ms:Sandwic]]
[[nl:Sandwich (gerecht)]]
[[ja:サンドイッチ]]
[[no:Sandwich]]
[[nrm:Sannouiche]]
[[pl:Kanapka]]
[[pt:Sanduíche]]
[[ro:Sandviş]]
[[ru:Сандвич]]
[[se:Vuodjaláibi]]
[[simple:Sandwich]]
[[sl:Sendvič]]
[[fi:Voileipä]]
[[sv:Sandwich]]
[[vi:Bánh mì kẹp]]
[[tr:Sandviç]]
[[uk:Канапка]]
[[zh-yue:三文治]]
[[zh:三明治]]