Santiago, Chile 51572 225368128 2008-07-13T09:15:30Z SmackBot 433328 Date the maintenance tags or general fixes {{Infobox Settlement |official_name = Santiago |nickname = |language = Spanish |motto = [[Image:Santiago en invierno.jpg|250px|center|The [[Andes]] from Santiago.]] |imagesize = 248px |image_caption = The snowcapped [[Andes]] above Santiago's financial district |image_flag = Flag of Santiago, Chile.svg |image_seal = |image_shield = Coat of arms of Santiago, Chile.svg |image_map = Comuna de Santiago.svg |mapsize = 100px |map_caption = Location of Santiago commune in Greater Santiago |pushpin_map = Chile |pushpin_mapsize = 50 |subdivision_type = '''Region''' |subdivision_name = [[Santiago Metropolitan Region]] |subdivision_type1 = '''Province''' |subdivision_name1 = [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago Province]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Raúl Alcaíno Lihn |established_title = Foundation |established_date = [[February 12]] [[1541]] |unit_pref = Metric |area_as_of = [[2002]] |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes =<sup>1</sup> |area_total_km2 = 22.4 |area_total_sq_mi = 8.6 |area_urban_km2 = 641.4 |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of = [[2002]] |population_note = |population_total = 200,792 |population_footnotes = <sup>2</sup> |population_urban = 5428590 |population_metro = 6402552 |population_density_km2 = 8464{{huh}} |population_density_sq_mi = 3267{{huh}} |timezone = Chile Time (CLT)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |accessdate=2007-05-05 |title=Chile Time |publisher=World Time Zones .org}}</ref> |utc_offset = -4 |timezone_DST = Chile Summer Time (CLST)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |accessdate=2007-05-05 |title=Chile Summer Time |publisher=World Time Zones .org}}</ref> |utc_offset_DST = -3 |latd=33 |latm=27 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=70 |longm=40 |longs=0 |longEW=W |elevation_m =520 |elevation_ft =1706 |website = [http://www.municipalidaddesantiago.cl/ municipalidaddesantiago.cl] |footnotes = <sup>1</sup> City = Santiago Centro, Urban = Greater Santiago }} '''Santiago''' ({{Audio-es|'''Santiago'''|StgoEsp.ogg}}), is the [[capital]] of [[Chile]], and the center of its largest [[conurbation]] ('''Greater Santiago'''). It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m (1,700 ft) [[Above mean sea level|AMSL]]. Although Santiago is the capital, [[National Congress of Chile|legislative bodies]] meet in nearby [[Valparaíso]]. Approximately two decades of uninterrupted economic growth have transformed Santiago into one of [[Latin America]]'s most modern metropolitan areas, with extensive suburban development, dozens of shopping malls, and impressive high-rise architecture. The city has some of Latin America's most modern transportation infrastructure, such as the growing [[Santiago Metro]] (the metropolitan underground train system) and the new [[Costanera Norte]], a toll-based highway system that passes below downtown and connects the Eastern and Western extremes of the city in a 25-minute drive. Santiago is headquarters to many important companies and is a regional financial center. ==Usage note== [[Image:Munisantiago.jpg|thumb|left|199px|[[Municipality]] of Santiago]] Throughout this article the term ''Santiago'' will normally refer to the Greater Santiago area; however, there are several other entities which bear the name of Santiago and need to be explained: The commune (''[[Communes of Chile|comuna]]'') of Santiago (sometimes referred to as '''''Santiago Centro'''''), is a subdivision of the [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago Province]], which is itself a subdivision of the [[Santiago Metropolitan Region]]. The commune is administered by the Santiago municipality (''Municipalidad de Santiago''), a separate legal entity with an elected mayor and council. It encompasses the oldest part of Greater Santiago —that enclosed by old rail lines— including downtown, and houses all major government infrastructure, including the government palace [[La Moneda]]. It has an area of {{convert|22.4|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} and a population of 200,792 (2002 census). {{Fact|date=July 2008}} <br clear="left"> == History == [[Image:Fundacion de Santiago.jpg|225px|left|thumb|''The Founding of Santiago by Pedro de Valdivia'' by Pedro Lira ([[1889]]).]] Santiago was founded by Spanish [[Conquistador]] [[Pedro de Valdivia]] on [[February 12]], [[1541]] with the name ''Santiago de [[Nueva Extremadura]].'' The founding ceremony was held on Huelén Hill (later renamed ''Cerro Santa Lucía''). {{Fact|date=July 2008}} Valdivia chose the location of Santiago because of its moderate climate and the ease with which it could be defended—the [[Mapocho River]] then split into two branches and rejoined further downstream, forming an island. {{Fact|date=July 2008}} The city was destroyed on [[September 11]], [[1541]] by native forces under the chief [[Michimalonco]], which led to the [[Arauco War]]. [[Image:Plan de la Ville de Santiago.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Map of Santiago during the [[18th century]].]] The first buildings were erected with the help of the native [[Picunche]]. The south bank of the Mapocho River was later drained and converted into a public promenade, known as the ''Alameda'' (now ''Avenida Alameda Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins''). The city was slightly damaged during the [[Chilean War of Independence|War of Independence]] ([[1810]]–18), in the [[Battle of Maipú]], which was fought south-west of the city. Santiago was named capital in 1818. [[Image:Plano de Santiago, por Nicolás Boloña.jpg|thumb|Santiago in 1896.]] During the early 19th century, Santiago remained a small town with few buildings excepting Palacio de La Moneda, the building used as the Chilean mint during the Spanish period, and a few churches and other civic buildings. The Iglesia de la [[Compañía de Jesús]] caught fire during an 1863 church service, and 2000 people died, one of the worst modern fires.<ref>[http://www.nuestro.cl/comunidad/aportes/iglesia_compania2.htm Brief report of the fire (Spanish)]</ref> In the 1880s extraction of [[nitrate]] fertilizer in Northern Chile brought prosperity to the country, and promoted the capital city's development. Important landmarks were built in 1910 during the Centennial celebrations of independence from Spain, such as the [[Chilean National Library|National Library]], the Museum of Fine Arts and the Mapocho Train Station (''Estación Mapocho'', now an events center). Santiago began its transformation into a modern city in the 1930s, with the building of the [[Barrio Cívico]], surrounding [[Palacio de La Moneda]]. The city also grew in population, due to migration from the north and south of Chile. In 1985 an earthquake destroyed some historically significant buildings in the downtown area. Nowadays, Santiago is among the largest and most important financial centers in Latin America.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} ==Geography== [[Image:SantiagoSatellite.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Santiago.]] [[Image:Cerrosantalucia.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cerro Santa Lucía]]]] The city lies in the center of the ''Santiago Basin'', a large bowl-shaped valley consisting of a broad and fertile plain surrounded by mountains. It is flanked by the main chain of the [[Andes]] on the east and the [[Chilean Coastal Range]] on the west. On the north, it is bound by the ''Cordón de Chacabuco'', a transverse mountain range of the Andes, whereas at the southern border lies ''[[Angostura de Paine]]'', where an elongated spur of the Andes almost reaches the Coastal Range. Santiago Basin is part of the [[Intermediate Depression]] and is remarkably flat, interrupted only by a few hills. Among those are [[Cerro Renca]], [[Cerro Blanco]] and [[Cerro Santa Lucía]]. The Andes mountains around Santiago are quite tall, culminating in [[Tupungato]] volcano at {{Convert|6570|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. Other volcanoes include [[Tupungatito]], [[San José (volcano)|San José]] and [[Maipo (volcano)|Maipo]]. [[Cerro El Plomo]] is the highest mountain visible from Santiago's urban area. == Climate == Santiago has a mild [[Mediterranean climate]]: relatively hot dry summers (November to March) with temperatures reaching up to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) on the hottest days; winters (June to September) are more humid with cold mornings, typical maximum daily temperatures of 13 degrees Celsius (55 degrees Fahrenheit), and minimums of a few degrees above freezing. Occasional snowfall occurs in suburbs at higher altitudes, and may extend throughout the city, though this happens infrequently (the last snowfall reaching down to the city center was in August 2007). Mean rainfall is 370 mm per year. <!--Infobox begins-->{{Infobox Weather |metric_first=yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric first. Leave blank for imperial--> |single_line=yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric and imperial units on same line.--> |location = Santiago, Chile |Jan_Hi_°C = 29 |Jan_REC_Hi_°C = 37 <!--REC temps are optional; use sparely--> |Feb_Hi_°C = 28 |Feb_REC_Hi_°C = 36 |Mar_Hi_°C = 25 |Mar_REC_Hi_°C = 34 |Apr_Hi_°C = 19 |Apr_REC_Hi_°C = 31 |May_Hi_°C = 14 |May_REC_Hi_°C = 25 |Jun_Hi_°C = 13 |Jun_REC_Hi_°C = 23 |Jul_Hi_°C = 12 |Jul_REC_Hi_°C = 19 |Aug_Hi_°C = 13 |Aug_REC_Hi_°C = 23 |Sep_Hi_°C = 15|Sep_REC_Hi_°C = 24 |Oct_Hi_°C = 20 |Oct_REC_Hi_°C = 30 |Nov_Hi_°C = 25 |Nov_REC_Hi_°C = 33 |Dec_Hi_°C = 27 |Dec_REC_Hi_°C = 37 |Year_Hi_°C = 19|Year_REC_Hi_°C = 37 |Jan_Lo_°C = 14 |Jan_REC_Lo_°C = 6 |Feb_Lo_°C = 14 |Feb_REC_Lo_°C = 5 |Mar_Lo_°C = 12 |Mar_REC_Lo_°C = 4 |Apr_Lo_°C = 7 |Apr_REC_Lo_°C =-2 |May_Lo_°C = 5 |May_REC_Lo_°C =-3 |Jun_Lo_°C = 3 |Jun_REC_Lo_°C =-6 |Jul_Lo_°C = 2 |Jul_REC_Lo_°C =-7 |Aug_Lo_°C = 3 |Aug_REC_Lo_°C =-7 |Sep_Lo_°C = 4 |Sep_REC_Lo_°C =-5 |Oct_Lo_°C = 7 |Oct_REC_Lo_°C =-3 |Nov_Lo_°C = 10 |Nov_REC_Lo_°C = 2 |Dec_Lo_°C = 14 |Dec_REC_Lo_°C = 7 |Year_Lo_°C = 8 |Year_REC_Lo_°C =-7 <!--**** use mm or cm but not both! ****--> |Jan_Precip_cm = |Jan_Precip_mm = 0.4 |Feb_Precip_cm = |Feb_Precip_mm = 1.8 |Mar_Precip_cm = |Mar_Precip_mm = 3.2 |Apr_Precip_cm = |Apr_Precip_mm = 20.4 |May_Precip_cm = |May_Precip_mm = 52.2 |Jun_Precip_cm = |Jun_Precip_mm = 70.4 |Jul_Precip_cm = |Jul_Precip_mm = 86.6 |Aug_Precip_cm = |Aug_Precip_mm = 61.8 |Sep_Precip_cm = |Sep_Precip_mm = 42.0 |Oct_Precip_cm = |Oct_Precip_mm = 13.4 |Nov_Precip_cm = |Nov_Precip_mm = 10.2 |Dec_Precip_cm = |Dec_Precip_mm = 5.1 |Year_Precip_cm = |Year_Precip_mm =367.5 |source = |accessdate = 2008-01-05 }}<!--Infobox ends--> [[Image:Santiago de Chile.jpg|thumb|250px|Santiago in Summer]] [[Image:Santiago do Chile.JPG|thumb|250px|The [[Andes]] from Santiago.]] == Environmental issues == [[Thermal inversion]] (a meteorological phenomenon whereby a stable layer of warm air holds down colder air close to the ground) causes high levels of [[smog]] and [[air pollution]] to be trapped and concentrate within the Central Valley during winter months. In the 1990s air pollution fell by about one-third, but there has been little progress since 2000. As of March 2007, only 61% of the wastewater in Santiago was treated <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecoamerica.cl/sitio/index.php?area=320 |title=Cruzada ambiental por el Mapocho limpio |accessdate=2008-02-11 |author=Revista Ecoamérica |authorlink=http://www.ecoamérica.cl|language=Spanish |quote=permitirá pasar del 68 al 81% en el tratamiento de las aguas servidas }}</ref>, which increased up to 71% by the end of the same year, however, the [[Mapocho river]], which crosses the city from the north-east to the south-west of the [[Chilean Central Valley|Central Valley]], remains contaminated by household, agricultural and industrial sewage, and by upstream copper-mining waste (there are a number of copper mines in the Andes east of Santiago), being dumped unfiltered into the river.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.terram.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1689 |title=Región Metropolitana saneará el 100% de aguas servidas al 2010 |accessdate=2008-02-11 |author=El Mercurio |authorlink=http://diario.elmercurio.cl |publisher=Fundación Terram |language=Spanish }}</ref> Laws force industry and local governments to process all their wastewater, but are loosely enforced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conama.cl/rm/568/article-892.html |title=Agua, Recurso Escaso y Vital |accessdate=2008-11-02 |author=Comisión Regional Metropolitana del Medio Ambiente |authorlink=http://www.conama.cl |language=Spanish |quote=se calcula que sólo el 77% de las industrias del país cumple con la norma de RILES existente }}</ref> There are now a number of large wastewater processing and recycling plants under construction. There are ongoing plans to decontaminate the river<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.revistabit.cl/pdf/44-47.pdf |title=Mapocho urbano limpio: El río soñado |accessdate=2008-11-02 |quote=Proyecto Mapocho Urbano Limpio }}</ref> and make it navigable<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundacionfuturo.cl/mapocho/galeria.htm |title=Proyecto Mapocho |author=Fundación Futuro |language=Spanish}}</ref>. Noise levels on the main streets are high <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conama.cl/rm/568/article-921.html |title=Ruidos molestos en Santiago |accessdate=2008-02-11 |author=Comisión Regional Metropolitana del Medio Ambiente |authorlink=http://www.conama.cl |language=Spanish |quote=cerca de un 70% de la población santiaguina está expuesta a serias interferencias de su sueño por ruido que excede 65 dB }}</ref>, mostly because of noisy diesel buses. Diesel trucks and buses are also major contributors to winter smog. A lengthy replacement process of the bus system began in 2005 and will last until 2010 (see [[#Transportation|Transportation]] section below).<br clear="all"> {{wide image|Santiago by Night.jpeg|1700px|Panorama view of northern Santiago, seen from Providencia}} [[Image:Sierraderamon.png|thumb|center|700px|Panorama view of northern Santiago, seen from Providencia]] ==Demographics== [[Image:IDH Santiago.svg|thumb|Santiago by [[Human Development Index]] on a commune-basis. Greener is higher. The blue line divides the formal areas of the city.]] [[Image:Población de Santiago de Chile.svg|left|thumb|Population of Santiago from 1820 to 2020.]] The population of Santiago's urban agglomeration grew from 0.982 million in 1940 to 2.82 million in 1970 and 4.75 million in 1992. According to the [[2002]] census, it contains a population of about 5.47 million, equivalent to nearly 37% of the total population of the country and 43% of the total urban population, making it one of the largest cities in [[Latin America]]. Santiago's Metropolitan Area, according to an official estimate from [[2006]], has a population of 6.293 million people. == Economy == [[Image:Vitacura at night.jpg|left|thumb|Santiago at night]] [[Image:Alameda.jpg|thumb|250px|Santiago Center]] Santiago is the industrial and financial center of Chile, and generates 45 percent of the country's [[GDP]]. {{Fact|date=March 2008}} The city, along with [[Buenos Aires]] and [[São Paulo]], is one of the main financial centres of [[South America]]. Some international institutions, such as [[ECLAC]] (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean), have their offices in Santiago. In recent years, due to the strong growth and stability of the Chilean economy {{Fact|date=March 2008}}, many multinational companies have chosen Santiago as the place for their headquarters in the region, like [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[Reuters]], [[JP Morgan]], [[Intel]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Unilever]], [[Nestlé]], [[Kodak]], [[BHP Billiton]], [[IBM]], [[Motorola]], [[Microsoft]], [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], [[Yahoo!]], and many more. ===Construction=== [[Image:Render03nocturna4rj.jpg|thumb|A computer rendering of [[Costanera Center]].]] The construction sector is booming in Santiago. {{Fact|date=March 2008}} Several large apartment complexes are being built throughout the city and construction cranes are a common sight. Currently under construction is the [[Costanera Center]], a mega project in Santiago's Financial District. This includes a {{convert|280000|m2|sqft|-3|sing=on}} mall, a {{convert|300|m|ft|-1|sing=on|spell=us}} tower, two office towers of {{convert|170|m|ft|0|spell=us}} each, and a hotel {{convert|105|m|ft|0|spell=us}} tall. When completed in 2010 it will be the tallest building in South America. Near Costanera Center another skyscraper is being built, [[Titanium La Portada]], and this will be {{convert|190|m|ft|0|spell=us}} tall. Although these are the two biggest projects, there are many other office buildings under construction in Santiago, as well as hundreds of high rise residential buildings. ==Transport== ===Air=== [[Image:Chile-Santiago-Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport]].]] [[Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport]] is Santiago's national and international airport. ===Rail=== [[Image:Estacion central2004-10-06 006.JPG|left|thumb|Central Station.]] Trains operated by Chile's national railway, [[Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado]], connect Santiago to [[Temuco]], in the central-southern part of the country. All such trains arrive and depart from the ''[[Estación Central]]'' ("Central Station"). ===Buses=== Bus companies provide passenger transportation from Santiago to most areas of the country, while some also provide parcel-shipping and delivery services. ===Highways=== [[Image:Imagenes funkinmixer set 1 109.jpg|thumb|Expressway in [[Las Condes]]]] Toll road, inter-urban [[free flow]] highways connect the city's extremes, including the Vespucio Highway (which surrounds the city describing a semi-circle), Autopista Central (which crosses the city in a North-South direction), and the Costanera Norte (which runs from the eastern edge, in Las Condes to the international airport and the highways to Valparaíso on the western side of the city). ===Public transport=== '''Metro''' {{main|Santiago Metro}} [[Image:Metro de Santiago.svg|thumb|left|Santiago Metro map]] [[Image:400358840 dc724d98f9 o.jpg|thumb|Cristobal Colón Station in Line 4]] The Santiago Metro has five operating lines. Two subway lines (Line 4 and 4A) and an extension of Line 2 were inaugurated during late 2005 and 2006. The system is under expansion, and extensions are going to be built on Lines 1 and 5 throughout 2009 and 2010. '''Bus''' {{main|Transantiago}} [[Image:Transantiago bus articulado.jpg|200px|thumb|A new Transantiago system [[articulated bus]].]] Transantiago is the name for the city's public transport system. It works by combining local (feeder) bus lines, main bus lines and the Metro network. It includes an integrated fare system, which allows passengers to make bus-to-bus or bus-to-metro transfers for the price of one ticket, using a single [[Smart card#Contactless Smart Card|contactless]] [[smartcard]]. '''Taxi''' [[Taxicab]]s can usually be found on the streets and are painted black with yellow roofs; unmarked taxis may be called up by telephone (''Radiotaxis''). ''Colectivos'' are shared taxicabs that carry passengers along a specific route, for a fixed fee. ==Political divisions== Greater Santiago extends throughout 37 municipalities and covered 64,140 ha in 2002. The majority of Santiago lies within the [[Santiago Province, Chile|same named province]], with some peripheral areas contained in the provinces of [[Talagante Province|Talagante]], [[Maipo Province|Maipo]] and [[Cordillera Province, Chile|Cordillera]]. Specifically, Santiago joins the cities of San Bernardo (Maipo province) and Puente Alto (Cordillera province) to form the Greater Santiago conurbation. The province of Santiago is divided into 32 [[municipality|municipalities]] (''comunas'' in Spanish). Each municipality in Chile is headed by a mayor ''(alcalde)'' elected by voters every four years. The members of the municipal council ''(concejales)'' are elected in the same election on a separate ballot.<br clear="all"> [[Image:Comunas de Santiago (nombres).svg|350px|right|Map of Santiago communes]] {| !colspan=3 align=center | Communes in [[Santiago Province (Chile)|Santiago Province]] |- | valign="top" | {| |- |width=20px bgcolor="red" | || Santiago |- |width=20px bgcolor=#ffec80 | || [[Cerrillos, Chile|Cerrillos]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#f60 | || [[Cerro Navia]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#a40 | || [[Conchalí]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#55d400 | || [[El Bosque, Chile|El Bosque]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#fea | || [[Estación Central]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#f59 | || [[Huechuraba]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#a00 | || [[Independencia, Chile|Independencia]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#b3ff80 | || [[La Cisterna]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#00aad4 | || [[La Florida]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#00d4aa | || [[La Granja, Chile|La Granja]] |} | valign="top" | {| |- |width=20px bgcolor=#89a02c | || [[La Pintana]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#8d5fd3 | || [[La Reina]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#aa00d4 | || [[Las Condes]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#80a | || [[Lo Barnechea]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#c8ab37 | || [[Lo Espejo]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#ffb380 | || [[Lo Prado]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#87cdde | || [[Macul]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#fc0 | || [[Maipú, Chile|Maipú]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#ff80e5 | || [[Ñuñoa]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#d3bc5f | || [[Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Chile|Pedro Aguirre Cerda]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#59f | || [[Peñalolén]] |} | valign="top" | {| |- |width=20px bgcolor=#de87cd | || [[Providencia, Chile|Providencia]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#ff7f2a | || [[Pudahuel]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#c87137 | || [[Quilicura]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#ff8080 | || [[Quinta Normal]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#a00 | || [[Recoleta, Chile|Recoleta]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#d45500 | || [[Renca]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#5fd38d | || [[San Joaquín]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#efa | || [[San Miguel, Chile|San Miguel]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#aade87 | || [[San Ramón, Chile|San Ramón]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#a02c89 | || [[Vitacura]] |} |- ! colspan=3 align=center | Communes in other provinces |- | valign="top" | {| |- |width=20px bgcolor="yellow" | || [[Padre Hurtado]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#3771c8 | || [[Pirque]] |} | valign="top" | {| |- |width=20px bgcolor="blue" | || [[Puente Alto]] |- |width=20px bgcolor=#4a0 | || [[San Bernardo, Chile|San Bernardo]] |} | valign="top" | {| |- |width=20px bgcolor=#04a | || [[San José de Maipo]] |} |} ==Cultural life== [[Image:Teatromunicipal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Municipal Theatre of Santiago]] [[Image:Bellasartes.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''Bellas Artes'' museum]] [[Image:MuseodeArteContemporaneo.JPG|thumb||250px|Contemporary Art Museum of Santiago]] [[Image:Palacio de La Moneda.png|right|thumb|250px|[[Palacio de La Moneda]] in downtown Santiago]] [[Image:PICT0734.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Sculpture Park]] <!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:PICT0831.JPG|thumb|Street in Downtown Santiago.]] --> ===Music=== There are two symphonic orchestras: *Orquesta Filarmónica de Santiago, which performs in the ''Teatro Municipal'' *Orquesta Sinfónica de Chile, dependent of the Universidad de Chile, performs in its theater. There are also various jazz establishments, the most notable being the [http://www.clubdejazz.cl Club de Jazz] in Ñuñoa. The city has a very vibrant underground music scene. Some of its most popular venues are La Batuta in Ñuñoa and Blondie's disco in downtown Santiago. ===Museums=== Museums include: *[http://www.ccplm.cl/ Centro Cultural Palacio de La Moneda], newest and biggest cultural space, beneath the Citizenry Square, in the south front of the government palace [[La Moneda]] *[http://www.mavi.cl/arqueologico/ Museo Arqueológico de Santiago] *[http://www.munistgo.cl/colorada/p1.htm Museo de Santiago Casa Colorada] *Museo Catedral Metropolitana *[http://www.museosanfrancisco.cl/ Museo Colonial San Francisco] * [http://www.precolombino.cl/ Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino] * [http://www.dibam.cl/historico_nacional/ Museo Histórico Nacional] *[http://www.dibam.cl/bellas_artes/home.asp Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes] *Museo de Arte Contemporáneo *[http://www.mim.cl/index0.htm Museo Interactivo Mirador] *[http://www.artequin.cl Museo Artequín] *Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología *[http://www.corpdicyt.cl/homeferroviario.htm Museo Ferroviario] *Museo de la Solidaridad "Salvador Allende" *[http://www.palaciocousino.co.cl Palacio Cousiño] *[[La Chascona]], [[Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda's]] house, now a museum === Recreation === The city's main parks are: *[[Cerro San Cristóbal|San Cristóbal Hill]] (''Cerro San Cristóbal''), which includes the [[Parque Metropolitano de Santiago|Santiago Metropolitan Park]] Zoo *[[Parque O'Higgins, Chile|O'Higgins Park]] (''Parque O'Higgins'') *[[Parque Forestal, Chile|Forestal Park]] (''Parque Forestal''), park located at the city centre alongside [[Mapocho]] river *[[Cerro Santa Lucía]] Modern ski resorts within an hour's drive east from the city include: * Farellones *[[Valle Nevado]] *[[La Parva]] *[[Portillo, Chile|Portillo]] is about three hours away. Some of the country's most important winegrowing areas lie in the nearby Maipo and [[Aconcagua River|Aconcagua]] Valleys. Several vineyards are located in this area. Cultural places to visit include: *[[Museo de Bellas Artes (Santiago)|Museo de Bellas Artes]] *[[Barrio Bellavista]], cultural and bohemian neighborhood *[[Estación Central, Chile|Central Station]], railway station designed by [[Gustave Eiffel]] *[[Estadio Víctor Jara, Chile|Víctor Jara Stadium]] *[[Ex Congreso Nacional|Ex National Congress]] *[[Plaza de Armas]], downtown square *[[Palacio de La Moneda]], government palace Main Sport Venues: *[[Estadio Nacional de Chile|Estadio Nacional]] (site of the [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962 World Cup]] final) ''65.000 all-seated'' *[[Estadio Monumental David Arellano]] ''62.000 all-seated'' *[[Estadio Santa Laura]] ''28.500 all-seated'' *[[Estadio San Carlos de Apoquindo]] ''20.000 all-seated'' <gallery> Image:Mall Parque Arauco Boulevard del Parque.JPG|Mall Parque Arauco Image:PaseoAhumada.jpg|Center Of Santiago Image:Chile chile 11.JPG|Paseo Ahumada Image:Bicentenario Thckr.jpg|Pilet Bicentennial Image:Plazastgoanterior.jpg|Plaza De Armas DE Santiago Image:PICT0780.JPG|First Fire Department of Santiago Image:Casa Colorada 5mrz08 002.jpg|[http://www.munistgo.cl/colorada/p1.htm Museo de Santiago Casa Colorada] Image:Estadio Nacional de Chile 2.jpg|[[Estadio Nacional de Chile|Estadio Nacional]] (site of the [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962 World Cup]] final) Image:Los Dominicos en Santiago de Chile.jpg|Barrio Los Dominicos Image:Baquedano east.jpg|Plaza Italy Image:Alameda - Santiago de Chile.jpg|Bernardo Ohiggins Alameda Avenue, in honor of the liberator of Chile Image:PaseoBulnes.jpg|Pedestrian Street Bulnes Image:Excongreso.jpg|[[Ex Congreso Nacional|Ex National Congress]] Image:Verão.jpg|Vitacura Image:ParisLondres.jpg|'''''Houses in Santiago Center 1''''' Image:Image20.jpg|'''''Houses in Santiago Center 2''''' </gallery> === Religion === [[Image:Iglesia de San Francisco, Santiago de Chile.jpg|thumb|left|'''Iglesia de San Francisco''']] [[Image:Catedral de Santiago.JPG|thumb|Santiago's Metropolitan Cathedral.]] Most of Chile's population is [[Catholic]] and Santiago is no exception. According to the National Census, carried out in 2002 by the National Statistics Bureau ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Chile)|INE]]), in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, 3,129,249 people 15 and older identified themselves as Catholics, equivalent to 68.7% of the total population, while 595,173 (13.1%) described themselves as [[Evangelicals|Evangelical Protestants]]. Around 1.2% of the population declared themselves as being [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], while 0.9% identified themselves as [[Latter-day Saints]] (Mormons), 0.25% as [[Jewish]], 0.11% as [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] and 0.03% as [[Muslim]]. Approximately 10.4% of the population of the Metropolitan Region stated that they were [[atheist]] or [[agnostic]], while 5.4% declared to follow other religions.<ref>[http://www.ine.cl/cd2002/index.php INE, Chile, 2002 Census]</ref> == Higher Education == '''[[Chilean Traditional Universities|Traditional]]''' * [[Pontifical Catholic University of Chile|Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile]] (Puc) * [[Universidad de Chile (university)|Universidad de Chile]] (U, UCh) * [[Universidad de Santiago de Chile]] (Usach) * [[Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación]] (Umce) * [[Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana]] (Utem) '''Non-Traditional''' * [[Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano]] * [[Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez]] (UAI) * [[Universidad Alberto Hurtado]] (UAH) * [[Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins]] * [[Universidad Bolivariana]] * [[Universidad Católica Raúl Silva Henríquez]] * [[Universidad Central de Chile]] * [[Universidad de Artes y Ciencias Sociales]] (Arcis) * [[Universidad de Artes, Ciencias y Comunicación]] (UNIACC) * [[Universidad de Ciencias de la Informática]] * [[Universidad de las Américas (Chile)|Universidad de las Américas]] * [[University of the Andes, Chile|Universidad de Los Andes]] * [[Universidad del Desarrollo]] * [[Universidad del Pacífico]] * [[Universidad Diego Portales]] * [[Universidad Europea de Negocios]] * [[Universidad Finis Terrae]] * [[Universidad Gabriela Mistral]] (UGM) * [[Universidad Mayor]] (UM) [http://www.umayor.cl/] * [[Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello]] (Unab) * [[Universidad Pedro de Valdivia]] (Upv) * [[Universidad Santo Tomás]] * [[Universidad San Sebastián]] * [[Universidad Tecnológica Vicente Pérez Rosales]] '''Other''' * [[Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg]]'s ''Postgraduierten- und Weiterbildungszentrum der Universität Heidelberg'' in Santiago [http://www.heidelberg-center.uni-hd.de/] * [[David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies]] (DRCLAS) Regional Office in Santiago [http://www.drclas.harvard.edu/santiago] * [[Stanford]] Faculty in Santiago [http://osp.stanford.edu/santiago/] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commonscat|Santiago, Chile}} * [http://www.municipalidaddesantiago.cl/ Municipality homepage] * [http://www.misantiago.cl/ www.misantiago.cl, Interactive map of downtown Santiago, Chile] {{coor title dm|33|26.27|S|70|39.02|W|type:city}} {{South American capitals}} {{Communes in Santiago Metropolitan Region}} {{World's most populated urban areas}} [[Category:Settlements established in 1541]] [[Category:Santiago| ]] [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in the Santiago Metropolitan Region]] [[Category:Capitals in South America]] [[Category:Communes of Chile]] [[Category:Capitals of Chilean regions]] [[Category:Capitals of Chilean provinces]] [[Category:Metropolitan areas of Chile|Santiago]] {{Link FA|es}} [[af:Santiago, Chili]] [[am:ሳንቲያጎ]] [[ang:Santiago, Chile]] [[ar:سانتياغو]] [[frp:Santiago du Ch·ili]] [[ay:Santiago Chilli]] [[az:Santyaqo]] [[bn:সান্তিয়াগো, চিলি]] [[br:Santiago de Chile]] [[bg:Сантяго де Чиле]] [[ca:Santiago de Xile]] [[cs:Santiago de Chile]] [[cy:Santiago de Chile]] [[da:Santiago de Chile]] [[de:Santiago de Chile]] [[et:Santiago]] [[es:Santiago de Chile]] [[eo:Santiago de Chile]] [[eu:Txileko Santiago]] [[fa:سانتیاگو]] [[fr:Santiago du Chili]] [[ga:Santiago de Chile]] [[gv:Santiago, Yn Çhillee]] [[gd:Santiago]] [[gl:Santiago de Chile]] [[ko:산티아고 (칠레)]] [[hi:सेंटियागो]] [[hr:Santiago de Chile]] [[io:Santiago (Chili)]] [[id:Santiago, Chili]] [[is:Santíagó]] [[it:Santiago del Cile]] [[he:סנטיאגו דה צ'ילה]] [[ka:სანტიაგო დე ჩილე]] [[sw:Santiago de Chile]] [[ht:Santyago]] [[la:Sanctiacobi]] [[lv:Santjago]] [[lb:Santiago de Chile]] [[lt:Čilės Santjagas]] [[lij:Santiago do Cile]] [[hu:Santiago de Chile]] [[ms:Santiago, Chile]] [[nah:Santiago Chillān]] [[nl:Santiago (Chili)]] [[ja:サンティアゴ (チリ)]] [[no:Santiago de Chile]] [[nn:Santiago]] [[oc:Santiago de Chile]] [[pms:Santiago dël Cile]] [[pl:Santiago de Chile]] [[pt:Santiago (Chile)]] [[ro:Santiago de Chile]] [[rm:Santiago (citad)]] [[qu:Santiago de Chile]] [[ru:Сантьяго]] [[scn:Santiagu dû Cili]] [[simple:Santiago, Chile]] [[sk:Santiago (Čile)]] [[sl:Santiago de Chile]] [[sr:Сантијаго де Чиле]] [[fi:Santiago de Chile]] [[sv:Santiago de Chile]] [[tl:Santiago, Chile]] [[th:ซันติอาโก]] [[vi:Santiago de Chile]] [[tr:Santiago, Şili]] [[uk:Сантьяго]] [[vec:Santiago del Cile]] [[vo:Santiago de Chile]] [[zh-yue:聖地亞哥]] [[zh:圣地亚哥 (智利)]]