Sarabande
608212
223821986
2008-07-06T00:00:24Z
JeanneShade
7322737
added information about the sarabande's place in the baroque suite; removed Bach's cello suites reference as this seemed gratuitous (the cello suites are by no means unique in having sarabandes)
In [[music]], the '''sarabande''' (It., ''sarabanda'') is a [[dance]] in [[triple metre]]. The second and third beats of each measure are often tied, giving the dance a distinctive [[rhythm]] of quarter and half notes in alternation. The half notes are said to have corresponded with dragging steps in the dance.
The sarabande is first mentioned in [[Central America]]: in [[1539]], a dance called a ''zarabanda'' is mentioned in a poem written in [[Panama]] by Fernando Guzmán Mexía.<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Hudson: "Sarabande", New Grove Online (subscription access)|url=http://www.grovemusic.com/shared/views/article.html?section=music.24574.1|accessdate=2006-11-13}}</ref> Apparently the dance became popular in the Spanish colonies before moving back across the Atlantic to [[Spain]]. While it was banned in Spain in [[1583]] for its obscenity, it was frequently cited in literature of the period (for instance in works by [[Miguel de Cervantes|Cervantes]] and [[Lope de Vega]]).
Later, it became a traditional movement of the [[suite]] during the [[Baroque music|baroque]] period, usually coming directly after the [[Courante]]. The baroque sarabande is commonly a slow triple rather than the much faster Spanish original, consistent with the courtly European interpretations of many Latin dances. This slower, less spirited interpretation of the dance form was codified in the writings of various [[18th century]] musicologists; Johann Gottfried Walther wrote in his ''Musicalisches Lexicon'' (Leipzig, 1723) that the sarabande is "a grave,...somewhat short melody," and Johann Mattheson likewise wrote in ''Der Vollkommene Capellmeister'' (Hamburg, 1739) that the sarabande "expresses no passion other than reverence" <ref>Bach. ''The French Suites: Embellished version''. Barenreiter Urtext</ref>.
The sarabande form was revived in the [[20th Century]] by composers such as [[Claude Debussy|Debussy]], [[Erik Satie|Satie]] and, in a different style, [[Ralph Vaughan Williams|Vaughan Williams]] (in ''Job'') and [[Benjamin Britten]] (in the ''Simple Symphony'').
In 1976 ex-Deep Purple organist [[Jon Lord]] based his album ''[[Sarabande (Jon Lord album)|Sarabande]]'' entirely on the concept of a baroque dance suite. Performed by the [[Philharmonia Hungarica]] and a selection of rock musicians (including Andy Summers on guitar, who would later join [[The Police]]), the album mixes classical and rock influences.
Perhaps the most famous sarabande is the anonymous [[La Folia|La folie espagnole]] whose [[melody]] appears in pieces by dozens of composers from the time of [[Claudio Monteverdi|Monteverdi]] and [[Arcangelo Corelli|Corelli]] through the present day.
== Film ==
[[Stanley Kubrick]] and [[Brian De Palma]] prominently featured a sarabande by [[George Frideric Handel]] in the soundtracks to their films ''[[Barry Lyndon]]'' and ''[[Redacted (film)|Redacted]]'' respectively. <ref>{{cite web|title=Reel Chill: Cinematic Chillout Album|url=http://www.musicfromthemovies.com/review.asp?ID=3602|accessdate=2006-02-11}}</ref>
It also has made an appearance on the 2008 HBO Series [[John Adams]], about the life of the second president of the United States.
The sarabande inspired the title of [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s last film ''[[Saraband]]'' (2003). In all of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]'s cello suites there is a sarabande, and the film uses the sarabande from his fifth suite. Bergman had used this piece previously in ''[[Cries and Whispers]]'' (1971). <ref>''[http://www.ingmarbergman.se/page.asp?guid=1242C45B-C66B-4975-A018-5CD2CA55BFF8 Ingmar Bergman Saraband - Sources of inspiration]''</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.streetswing.com/histmain/z3sarbn1.htm The Sarabande]
[[Category:Dances]]
[[Category:Historical dance]]
[[Category:Musical forms]]
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