Sarcoma 288196 212692905 2008-05-15T21:09:19Z WhatamIdoing 1998764 Use the DMOZ link to promote your organization, please {{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D012509 | }} A '''sarcoma''' (from the Greek 'sarx' meaning "flesh") is a [[cancer]] of the [[connective tissue|connective or supportive tissue]] ([[bone]], [[cartilage]], [[fat]], [[muscle]], [[blood vessel]]s) and [[soft tissue]]. This is in contrast to [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]], which are of [[Epithelium|epithelial]] origin ([[breast]], [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]], [[pancreas]], and others). ==Classification== Sarcomas are given a number of different names, based on the type of tissue from which they arise. For example, [[osteosarcoma]] arises from [[bone]], [[chondrosarcoma]] arises from [[cartilage]], and [[leiomyosarcoma]] arises from [[smooth muscle]]. Sarcomas strike people in all age ranges, but they are very rare, accounting for only 1% of all cases of [[cancer]].<ref>Borden EC, Baker LH, Bell RS, Bramwell V, Demetri GD, Eisenberg BL, Fletcher CD, Fletcher JA, Ladanyi M, Meltzer P, O'Sullivan B, Parkinson DR, Pisters PW, Saxman S, Singer S, Sundaram M, van Oosterom AT, Verweij J, Waalen J, Weiss SW, Brennan MF. Soft tissue sarcomas of adults: state of the translational science.Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):1941-56. Review. PMID 12796356</ref> Soft tissue sarcomas, such as [[leiomyosarcoma]], [[chondrosarcoma]], and [[gastrointestinal stromal tumor]] (GIST), are more common in adults than in children. GIST is the most common form of sarcoma, with approximately 3000-3500 cases per year in the United States.<ref>Tran T, Davila JA, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an analysis of 1,458 cases from 1992 to 2000. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:162-8. PMID 15654796 </ref> This should be compared with breast cancer, with approximately 200,000 cases per year in North America.<ref>Smigal C, Jemal A, Ward E, Cokkinides V, Smith R, Howe HL, Thun M. Trends in breast cancer by race and ethnicity: update 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:168-83. PMID 16737949 </ref> Bone sarcomas, such as [[osteosarcoma]] and [[Ewing's sarcoma]], are more common in children than in adults. These tumors most commonly strike adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 25. In addition to being named based on the tissue of origin, sarcomas are also assigned a grade, such as low grade or high grade. Low grade sarcomas are usually treated surgically, although sometimes [[radiation therapy]] or [[chemotherapy]] are used. High grade sarcomas are more frequently treated with [[chemotherapy]]. Since these tumors are more likely to undergo [[metastasis]] (spreading to distant sites), these tumors are treated more aggressively. Childhood sarcomas are almost always treated with a combination of [[surgery]] and [[chemotherapy]], and radiation is frequently used as well. The recognition that childhood sarcomas are sensitive to chemotherapy has dramatically improved the survival of patients. For example, in the era before chemotherapy, long term survival for patients with localized osteosarcoma was only approximately 20%, but now has risen to 60-70%.<ref>Longhi A, Errani C, De Paolis M, Mercuri M, Bacci G. Primary bone osteosarcoma in the pediatric age: state of the art. Cancer Treat Rev. 2006;32:423-36. PMID 16860938 </ref> == Types of sarcoma == ([[ICD-O]] codes are provided where available.) * [[Askin's Tumor]] (8803/3) * [[Chondrosarcoma]] (9220/3-9240/3) * [[Ewing's]] (9260/3) - [[Primitive neuroectodermal tumor|PNET]] (9473/3) * [[Malignant Hemangioendothelioma]] (9130/3) * [[Malignant Schwannoma]] (9560/3-9561/3) * [[Osteosarcoma]] (9180/3-9190/3) * [[Soft tissue sarcoma]]s, including: **[[Alveolar soft part sarcoma]] (9581/3) **[[Angiosarcoma]] (9120/3) **[[Phyllodes tumor|Cystosarcoma Phylloides]][http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic500.htm] **[[Dermatofibrosarcoma]] (8832/3-8833/3) **[[Desmoid Tumor]] (8821/1-8822/1) **[[Desmoplastic small round cell tumor]] (8806/3) **[[Epithelioid Sarcoma]] (8804/3) **[[Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma]] (9220/3) **[[Extraskeletal osteosarcoma]] (9180/3) **[[Fibrosarcoma]] (8810/3) **[[Hemangiopericytoma]] (9150) **[[Hemangiosarcoma]] (9120/3) **[[Kaposi's sarcoma]] (9140/3) **[[Leiomyosarcoma]] (8890/3-8896/3) **[[Liposarcoma]] (8850/3-8858/3) **[[Lymphangiosarcoma]] (9170-9175) **[[Lymphoma|Lymphosarcoma]] **[[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma]] (8830/3) **[[Neurofibrosarcoma]] (9540/3) **[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]] (8900-8920) **[[Synovial sarcoma]] (9040/3-9043/3) ==Notable patients== Famous patients include the Soviet mathematician [[Nikolai Kochin]] and Canadian Blues Rock musician, [[Jeff Healey]]. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== * {{DMOZ|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Cancer/Musculoskeletal/}} {{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}} [[Category:Orthopedics]] [[Category:Anatomical pathology]] [[Category:Types of cancer]] [[Category:Skeletal disorders]] [[ar:غرن]] [[da:Sarkom]] [[de:Sarkom]] [[es:Sarcoma]] [[fa:سارکوما]] [[fr:Sarcome]] [[it:Sarcoma]] [[he:סרקומה]] [[nl:Sarcoom]] [[ja:肉腫]] [[no:Benvevskreft]] [[pl:Mięsak]] [[pt:Sarcoma]] [[sv:Sarkom]] [[tr:Sarkom]] [[ur:لحمومہ]] [[zh:肉瘤]]