Scripps Institution of Oceanography 224295 225156554 2008-07-12T04:58:54Z Doncram 342538 expand NRHP inv doc description [[Image:SIOpier.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier]]'''Scripps Institution of Oceanography''' (sometimes referred to as '''SIO''', '''Scripps Oceanography''' or just '''Scripps''') in [[La Jolla, California]], is one of the oldest and largest centers for [[ocean]] and [[earth]] science [[research]], graduate training, and public service in the world. Hundreds of ocean and earth researchers conduct scientific research with the aid of oceanographic [[research vessel]]s and shorebased laboratories. The public explorations center of the institution is the [[Birch Aquarium]] at Scripps. Its '''Old Scripps Building''' is a U.S. [[National Historic Landmark]]. == Mission statement == To seek, teach, and communicate scientific understanding of the [[oceans]], [[atmosphere]], [[Earth]], and other [[planets]] for the benefit of society and the [[Natural environment|environment]]. ==Research programs== [[Image:SIOresearch.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Scripps Institution of Oceanography researchers at sea]]The institution's research programs encompass biological, physical, chemical, geological, and geophysical studies of the oceans and earth. Scripps also studies the interaction of the oceans with both the atmospheric [[climate]] and environmental concerns on ''terra firma.'' Related to this research, Scripps offers doctoral degrees in [[Oceanography]], [[Marine Biology]], and [[Earth Sciences]]. Today, the Scripps staff of 1,300 includes approximately 100 [[Faculty (university)|faculty]], 300 other scientists and some 225 [[graduate students]], with an annual budget of more than $140 million. The institution operates a [[fleet]] of four [[oceanography|oceanographic]] [[research vessel]]s and the research platform [[R/P FLIP]] (Floating Instrument Platform) for oceanographic research and has served as manager of the [[Deep Sea Drilling Program]]. ==History== {{Infobox_nrhp | name =Old Scripps Building | nrhp_type = nhl | image = SIOhistory.jpeg | caption = Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA ''(1910)'' | location= 8602 La Jolla Shores Drive, [[La Jolla, California]] | lat_degrees = 32 | lat_minutes = 51 | lat_seconds = 54 | lat_direction = N | long_degrees = 117 | long_minutes = 15 | long_seconds = 12 | long_direction = W | locmapin = California | area = .09 acre (4,000 square feet)<ref name="nrhpinv2"/> | built =1909 | architect= Acton,Perl; Gill,Irving | architecture= Other | designated= [[May 20]], [[1982]]<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1720&ResourceType=Building |title=Old Scripps Building |accessdate=2008-07-10|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> | added = [[November 10]], [[1977]]<ref name="nris">{{cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2008-04-15|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> | governing_body = State | refnum=77000330 }} Scripps Institution of Oceanography was founded in 1903 as the Marine Biological Association of San Diego, an independent biological research laboratory by [[University of California]] [[Zoology]] professor [[William Emerson Ritter]], with support from [[Ellen Browning Scripps]] and later her brother [[Edward W. Scripps|E. W. Scripps]]. They fully funded Scripps for the first several years. Scripps began institutional life in the boathouse of the Hotel Coronado located on [[San Diego Bay]]. Thereafter it re-located in 1905 to La Jolla on the head above [[La Jolla Cove]], and finally in 1907 to its present location. In 1912 Scripps became part of the [[University of California]] and was renamed the "Scripps Institution for Biological Research". During the 1960s, led by Scripps Institution of Oceanography director [[Roger Revelle]], it formed the nucleus for the creation of the [[University of California, San Diego]] (UCSD) on a bluff overlooking Scripps Institution. The Old Scripps Building was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1982.<ref name="nhlsum"/><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{citation|title={{PDFlink|[http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/77000330.pdf National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Scripps, George H., Memorial Marine Biological Laboratory / Old Scripps Building]|32&nbsp;KB}}|date=February 12, 1982 |author=James H. Charleton |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{PDFlink|[http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/77000330.pdf ''Accompanying 10 or so photos, exterior and interior, from 1977, 1980, and undated'']|32&nbsp;KB}}</ref> == Research vessels == [[Image:SIOrevelle.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Scripps research vessel ''Roger Revelle'']]The [[research vessel]]s and platforms currently operated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography are: * [[R/P FLIP]] * [[R/V Roger Revelle (AGOR-24)]] * [[R/V Melville (AGOR-14)]] * [[R/V New Horizon]] * [[R/V Robert Gordon Sproul]] == Birch Aquarium at Scripps == The mission of the Birch Aquarium at Scripps is: *to provide ocean science education *to interpret Scripps research *to promote ocean [[conservation ethic|conservation]] [[Image:aq facility rental.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Birch Aquarium at Scripps]]For more than a century, generations of families have discovered the ocean world through exhibits and educational programs of the aquarium-museum associated with Scripps Institution of Oceanography. From modest displays at the turn-of-the-century to magnificent habitats in the present, the role of the aquarium-museum in Scripps Oceanography's legacy is important. Today, more than 400,000 people visit Birch Aquarium at Scripps each year. The Birch Aquarium has a number of exhibits and hands-on activities. These include: *The Hall of Fishes with more than 60 tanks of Pacific fishes and [[invertebrates]]; the largest habitat is a 70,000-gallon [[kelp]] forest. *Scripps Explorers Gallery, featuring cutting-edge discoveries of Scripps explorers in climate, earth, and ocean sciences through interactive exhibits *Preuss Tidepool Plaza, overlooking the [[Pacific Ocean]], with living [[tide pools]] for discovery *Smargon Courtyard, also overlooking coastal bluffs, features a 13,000-gallon [[shark]] reef tank and Wonders of Water play stations. Seasonal events take place here during the year. The aquarium's hilltop site provides a spectacular overview of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography campus and the Pacific Ocean. ==Notable faculty members== *[[Ralph Cicerone]] *[[Robert W. Corell]] *[[Paul J. Crutzen]] *[[Robert S. Dietz]] *[[Carl Eckart]] *[[Jim T. Enright]] *[[Robert Garrels]] *[[Joel Hedgpeth]] *[[Sam Hinton]] *[[Carl Hubbs]] *[[Martin W. Johnson]] *[[Charles David Keeling]] *[[Edwin P. Martz]] *[[Mario J. Molina]] *[[Walter Munk]] *[[Jerome Namias]] *[[William Nierenberg]] *[[Roger Revelle]] *[[William Emerson Ritter]] *[[Francis Parker Shepard]] *[[Fred Spiess]] *[[Harald Sverdrup]] *[[Warren White]] ==Notable alumni== *[[Tanya Atwater]] *[[Stephen E. Calvert]] *[[Jack Corliss]] *[[Susan Hough]] *[[Marcia McNutt]] *[[Colm Ó hEocha]] *[[George Perry (neuroscientist)|George Perry]] *[[Brinke Stevens]] *[[Christopher Stott]] == See also == * [[Library of Congress Digital Library project]] * [[National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program]] * [[The Scripps Research Institute]], a neighboring, but completely independent medical research institute. * [[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]], a similar research facility on the east coast of the USA. *[[Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences]], another oceanographic education and research facility located at [[Rutgers University]] in New Jersey. ==References== {{reflist}} == Further reading == * [http://scripps100.ucsd.edu/ Scripps Institution of Oceanography centennial website] * [http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/arch/raitt-1967/ Scripps Institution of Oceanography; First Fifty Years] Helen Raitt and Beatrice Moulton. Los Angeles : W. Ritchie Press, 1967. *[http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/arch/shor-1978/ Scripps Institution of Oceanography : Probing the Oceans, 1936 to 1976] Elizabeth Noble Shor. San Diego, Calif. : Tofua Press, 1978. *[[Keeling curve|The Keeling Curve Turns 50]] == External links == *[http://scripps.ucsd.edu/ Scripps Institution of Oceanography] *[http://virtuallajolla.com/birch_back.htm Scripps Pier View in HD] *[http://explorations.ucsd.edu/ ''explorations'' E-Magazine] *[http://scrippsnews.ucsd.edu/ Scripps News] *[http://supportscripps.ucsd.edu/ Support Scripps] *[http://www.siograddept.ucsd.edu/ Scripps Education Department] *[http://aquarium.ucsd.edu/ Birch Aquarium at Scripps] *[http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/81summer/scripps.htm "How Scripps Institution Came To San Diego", ''The Journal of San Diego History'' 27:3 (Summer 1981) by Elizabeth N. Shor] {{University of California, San Diego}} {{Registered Historic Places}} [[Category:Oceanographic institutions]] [[Category:National Historic Landmarks in California]] [[Category:Scripps Institution of Oceanography| ]] [[Category:Research institutes in the United States]] [[bg:Институт по океанография Скрипс]] [[de:Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] [[fr:Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] [[id:Lembaga Oseanografi Scripps]] [[nl:Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] [[pl:Instytut Oceanografii imienia Scripps]] [[pt:Scripps Institution of Oceanography]]