Seema 637713 223230048 2008-07-03T04:14:52Z Apokryltaros 318802 /* Meaning of Seema in India */ shouldn't this go in the disambiguation? {{otheruses}} {{Taxobox | name = Seema, or cherry salmon | image = Yamame.jpg | image_width = 300px | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Actinopterygii]] | ordo = [[Salmoniformes]] | familia = [[Salmonidae]] | genus = '''''[[Oncorhynchus]]''''' | species = '''''O. masou''''' | binomial = ''Oncorhynchus masou'' | binomial_authority = ([[James Carson Brevoort|Brevoort]], [[1856]]) |<!-- synonyms = ''Oncorhynchus masu'' [check if this is an actual synonym or just a spelling error] --> }} '''Seema''', also '''sima''' and '''sema''' ([[Russian language|Russian]] сима, [[Japanese Language|Japanese]] サクラマス or ヤマメ), '''Japanese salmon''', '''Masu salmon''', or '''cherry salmon''', ''Oncorhynchus masou'', is a [[salmon]] of the western [[Pacific Ocean]]: ([[Kamchatka Peninsula|Kamchatka]], [[Kuril Islands]], [[Sakhalin]], [[Primorsky Krai]], [[Korea]], [[Japan]]). A landlocked subspecies commonly called the '''Taiwanese salmon''' or '''Formosan salmon''' (''Oncorhynchus masou formosanum'') also exists in [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]]. This fish prefers a temperate climate, around the area of 65° N - 58° N, and in the sea, it prefers a depth range of 0 - 200 m. ==Appearance== A seema which has reached sexual maturity has a darkened back, and the stripes on the body sides become bright red with crimson tinge to merge on the abdomen into one common longitudinal band of lighter color. It is for this reason that it was given the name Cherry Salmon. As adults, seema tend to weigh 2 to 2.5 kg and measure roughly 50 cm in length. <ref>Augerot, X., Atlas of Pacific Salmon, University of California Press, 2005.</ref> The maximum size that can be attained by this species (which is in the region of [[Primorsky Krai]]) is 71 cm long and 9 kg in weight. ==Life cycle== Like other Pacific salmon, its life cycle is subdivided into marine and freshwater periods; in rivers, this species lives from 1 to 3 years and can form living fresh-water forms. The sea life cycle, depending on the age of the young, continues for 2 to 3.5 years. In the sea, the seema feeds intensely on [[crustacean]]s, less often on young fish. On attaining sexual maturity, in its third to seventh years of life it enters rivers to spawn. Its spawning run starts earlier than that of other salmon species. After spawning, most passing fish die, and those that remain alive (preferentially dwarf males) participate in spawning next year, too. Emerging from the nest, the young do not roll into the sea but remain in spawning areas, in the upper reaches of rivers, and on shallows with weak currents. The young move to pools and rolls of the river core to feed on chironomid, stone fly and may fly larvae, and on air insects. The seema rolls into the sea in its second, occasionally even third year of life. ==Economic importance== This salmon, like most others, is a highly commercial species caught in fisheries, raised for [[aquaculture]], and sought after as a game fish. It is marketed fresh and frozen and is often eaten broiled or baked. ==The Taiwanese subspecies== The Formosan land-locked salmon (''Oncorhynchus masou formosanus'') ([[:zh:台灣鮭魚|台灣鮭魚]]) is a subspecies of the seema found in Taiwan. This subspecies is [[critically endangered]], being at high risk for [[extinction]], and is protected in its native habitat. In fact, the Formosan land-locked salmon is one of the rarest fish in the world. Once a staple of the [[Taiwanese aborigine]] diet, there are now barely more than 400 of these type of salmon left. [[Overfishing]] has led to its decline. [[Conservationists]] are trying to save this subspecies which is threatened nowadays mainly by [[pollution]]. The Formosan landlocked salmon is a subspecies with a legacy from the last [[Ice Age]], becoming [[landlocked]] during the [[glacial]] epoch in frigid [[mountain]] streams, and thus its discovery in Taiwan, a subtropical island, was truly a miracle in the history of biology. This fish needs clean cold water under 18 degrees Celsius to thrive. Formosan landlocked salmon are about a foot in length and inhabit cold, slow-flowing streams with gently sloping beds at elevations above 1,500 m, such as the [[Chichiawan]] Stream and the [[Kaoshan Stream]] (formerly named [[Hsuehshan]] Stream/Wuling Stream) in the upper reaches of the [[Tachia River]]. ==See also==<!-- ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 23: 71–77 (2006) --> * [[Trout]] * [[Biwa trout]] (subspecies) ==References== {{Reflist}} * {{ITIS|ID=161978|taxon=Oncorhynchus masou|year=2006|date=30 January}} [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?ID=242&genusname=Oncorhynchus&speciesname=masou%20masou FishBase] [[Category:Oncorhynchus]] [[Category:Fish of the Pacific]] [[Category:Fauna of East Asia]] [[ko:송어]] [[it:Oncorhynchus masou]] [[nl:Japanse zalm]] [[ja:サクラマス]] [[ru:Сима]] [[zh:櫻鱒]]