Selangor
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{{Subdivisions of Malaysia
|native_name=سلاڠور دار الإحس
|conventional_long_name=Selangor Darul Ehsan
|image_flag=Flag of Selangor.svg
|image_coat=Coat of arms of Selangor state.svg
|state_motto=''Dipelihara Allah''
|state_anthem=''[[Duli Yang Maha Mulia]]''
|image_map=Selangor state locator.svg
|common_name=Selangor
|capital=[[Shah Alam]]
|royal_capital=[[Klang]]
|entryFederationdate=1957
|ruling_party=[[Pakatan Rakyat]] (People's Pact)
|leader_title1=Sultan
|leader_name1=[[Sultan Sharafuddin|Sultan Sharafuddin Idris]]
|leader_title2=[[Menteri Besar]]
|leader_name2=[[Abdul Khalid Ibrahim]]
|sovereignty_type=History
|established_event1=Federated into [[Federated Malay States|FMS]]
|established_date1=1895
|established_event2=[[Japanese occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak|Japanese occupation]]
|established_date2=1942
|established_event3=Accession into Federation of Malaya
|established_date3=1948
|area=7,956
|population_estimate=7,200,000
|population_estimate_year=2007
|population_estimate_rank=1
|population_density=905
|population_density_rank=1
|HDI=0.817
|HDI_year=2000
|HDI_category= <font color="green">high</font>
|national_calling_code=03
|national_postal_code=40xxx to 48xxx</br>62xxx to 64xxx
|license_plate=B
|website=http://www.selangor.gov.my
}}
'''Selangor''' ([[Jawi script]]: سلاڠور, population 7.2 million) is one of the 13 states of [[Malaysia]]. It is on the west coast of [[Peninsular Malaysia]] and is bordered by [[Perak]] to the north, [[Pahang]] to the east, [[Negeri Sembilan]] to the south and the [[Strait of Malacca]] to the west. It completely surrounds the [[Wilayah Persekutuan|federal territories]] of [[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Putrajaya]].
The origin of the name ''Selangor'' is lost in history, although some sources claim the name to have come from the [[Malay language|Malay]] word ''selangau'', 'a large [[fly]]', most probably due to the abundance of flies in the marshes along the [[Selangor River]] in the state's north-west. Another more plausible theory claims the state's name is derived from the term ''Selang Ur'' meaning "land of the straits" (''ur'' means "land" in Sanskrit, ''selang'' means "straits" in the Malay language).
Selangor is also known by its [[Arabic language|Arabic]] honorific, '''Darul Ehsan''' ("Abode of Sincerity").
The state is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, of which the reigning [[Sultan of Selangor|Sultan]] (since 2001) is [[Sultan Sharafuddin|Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah]]. The [[Menteri Besar]] (chief executive of the state government) is currently [[Tan Sri]] [[Abdul Khalid Ibrahim]], of the [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat]] since 10 March 2008.
The state capital is [[Shah Alam]] and the royal capital is [[Klang]]. A third major urban centre is [[Petaling Jaya]] which was awarded city status on [[20 June]] [[2006]]. Hence, Selangor is one of only two Malaysian states with more than one city; the other being [[Sarawak]].
Selangor is also the richest state in Malaysia in terms of [[GDP]] and second richest in terms of [[GDP per capita]] (at RM18,157 or US$4,907), behind [[Penang]].{{Fact|date=November 2007}} On 27 August 2005, Selangor was officially declared the first developed state in Malaysia by the then state government.
==History==
In the 15th century, Selangor was ruled by the [[Sultanate of Malacca]]. After the fall of Malacca to the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] in 1511, the area became hotly disputed between the Portuguese, [[Johor]], [[Aceh]] and [[Siam]]. When the [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] displaced the Portuguese from Malacca in 1641, they brought in [[Bugis]] [[mercenaries]] from [[Sulawesi]], who eventually established the present sultanate in 1740. In many districts, Bugis settlers displaced the [[Minangkabau]] settlers from [[Sumatra]], who had established themselves in Selangor some 100 years previously. In the 19th century, the economy boomed due to the exploitation of huge [[tin]] reserves and the growing importance of [[rubber]]. This attracted a large influx of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] migrants. Chinese secret clan societies, allied with Selangor chiefs fought for control of the tin [[Mining|mines]], and the increasing violence created social and economic havoc. It also opened a window of opportunity for the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]], who forced the [[Sultan of Selangor]] to accept a [[British Resident]] in 1874. Under the stability imposed by the British, Selangor again prospered. In 1896, largely through the coordination of the Resident [[Frank Swettenham]], Selangor united with [[Negri Sembilan]], [[Perak]] and [[Pahang]] to form the [[Federated Malay States]], with its capital in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. The Federated Malay States evolved into the [[Federation of Malaya]] in 1948 and the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In 1970, Selangor relinquished the city of Kuala Lumpur to the federal government. Putrajaya also became a federal territory in the mid-1990s.
Selangor currently is the richest, most [[industrialization|industrialized]] and most [[urbanization|urbanized]] of all Malaysian states. The Menteri Besar of Selangor declared Selangor as a developed state on [[27 August]] [[2005]].
==Population and demographics==
Selangor is Malaysia's most populous state, with the nation's biggest [[conurbation]], the [[Klang Valley]]. Selangor's geographical position in the centre of [[Peninsular Malaysia]] contributed to the state's rapid development as Malaysia's transportation and industrial hub, which in turn attracts migrants from other states as well as overseas, especially from [[Indonesia]], [[the Philippines]], [[Vietnam]], [[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]], and [[China]]. The influx of [[illegal immigrant]]s, particularly from Indonesia, has further contributed to Selangor's rapid population growth.
Selangor has a [[population]] of 4,850,000 (2006 ; the state's [[ethnicity|ethnic composition]] consisted of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]] 52.9%, [[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]] 27.8%, [[Malaysian Indian|Indians]] 13.3% and other ethnic groups 6%.<ref name="ethnic composition">SSIC - from YB Dato' Tang See Hang - Selangor State Executive Councillor.</ref>
Selangor's main population centres are [[Petaling Jaya]] (2007 est. pop. 550,000), [[Shah Alam]] (500,000), [[Klang]] (995,000) and [[Subang Jaya]]-[[UEP Subang Jaya]] (400,000). Other major centres include:
*[[Klang]] - (Bandar DiRaja) also known as The Royal Town of Selangor Darul Ehsan.
*[[Bangi]]
*[[Banting]]
*[[Cheras, Selangor|Cheras]]
*[[Cyberjaya]]
*[[Kajang]]
*[[Kuala Selangor]]
*[[Puchong]]
*[[Port Klang]]
*[[Rawang]]
*[[Semenyih]]
*[[Sepang]]
*[[Serdang]]
*[[Seri Kembangan]]
*[[Petaling Jaya]]
*[[Hulu Selangor]]
*[[Subang Jaya]]
*[[Shah Alam]]
*[[Sabak Bernam]]
*[[Ijok]]
*[[Bandar Sri Damansara]]
==Politics==
===Constitution===
The [[Constitution]] of the State of Selangor came into force on the 26 of February 1959. The constitution is separated into two parts titled;
*" THE FIRST PART OF THE LAWS OF THE CONSTITUTION "
*" THE SECOND PART OF THE LAWS OF THE CONSTITUTION "
Under the 1959 constitution, Selangor is a [[constitutional monarchy]].
===Selangor Sultanate===
{{main|Sultan of Selangor}}
'''The Sultan of Selangor''' is the constitutional Ruler of Selangor. The role, powers and duties of the Sultan are set forth in the constitution of 1959. The constitution proclaims that the office of Sultan is vested with the executive power of the state, is the Head of the religion of Islam in the state and the fountain of honours and dignities in the state.
This position is hereditary and can only be held by a member of Selangor's royal family. The current ruler is His Royal Highness [[Sultan Sharafuddin|Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah]], who has held this position since 2001.
===State Executive Council===
The State Executive Council, which along with the Sultan is Selangor's executive branch of government, was established by the constitution of 1959. It is composed of the [[Menteri Besar]], who is its chairman and Selangor's head of government, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and other members of the council are appointed by the Sultan of Selangor from members of the State Assembly. The current Menteri Besar is [[Malay titles|Tan Sri]] Abdul Khalid Ibrahim, of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR, or People's Justice Party).
===Selangor State Assembly===
* See Also:[[State_Seats_Representatives,_12th_Malaysian_General_Election#Selangor|Breakdown of State Seats Representatives elected 2008]]''
The state also has a legislative branch, called the [[Selangor state assembly|state assembly]]. It is similar to the [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]] but is limited to making laws relating to the state. Its members are elected in elections which are usually held simultaneously with federal elections. The term of each state assembly member is limited to five years. The state assembly must be dissolved before or once it expires its term for a fresh election to elect its members.
===Menteri Besar of Selangor since 1949===
''Main article:'' [[List of Chief Ministers of Selangor]]
# 1949 - 1949: Hamzah Abdulah
# 1949 - 1953: YAM Raja Tun Uda Raja Mohamad
# 1953 - 1954: Othman Mohamad
# 1955 - 1956: Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid
# 1956 - 1958: Tuan Muhammad Imail Abdul Latiff
# 1958 - 1959: Abdul Jamil Rais
# 1959 - 1964: Datuk Abu Bakar Baginda
# 1964 - 1976: Datuk Harun Idris
# 1976 - 1982: Dato Hormat Rafei
# 1982 - 1986: Dato Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali
# 1986 - 1997: Tan Sri Muhammad Muhammad Taib
# 1997 - 2000: Tan Sri Abu Hassan Omar
# 2000 - 2008: Dato Seri Dr.Mohd Khir Toyo
# 2008 - Now : Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim
==Administration==
===List of districts===
Selangor is divided into 9 administrative districts, namely:
*[[Klang]] - with [[Port Klang]] (formerly ''Port Swettenham'')
*[[Petaling]] - with [[Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport]] (formerly ''Subang International Airport'')
*[[Sepang]] - with [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]
*[[Kuala Selangor]]
*[[Sabak Bernam]]
*[[Hulu Langat]]
*[[Kuala Langat]]
*[[Hulu Selangor]]
*[[Gombak]]
===List of local authorities===
There are 12 local authorities in Selangor, namely:
*Majlis Daerah Hulu Selangor (MDHS)
*Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya (MPSJ)
*Majlis Daerah Sabak Bernam (MDSB)
*Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (MPKj)
*Majlis Daerah Kuala Selangor (MDKS)
*Majlis Perbandaran Klang (MPK)
*Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS)
*Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA)
*Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya (MBPJ)
*Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya (MPAJ)
*Majlis Perbandaran Sepang (MPSpg)
*Majlis Daerah Kuala Langat (MDKL)
==Culture==
The traditional culture of Selangor's Malay majority is influenced by those of [[Bugis]], [[Johor]], [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]] and [[Javanese people|Javanese]] ancestry.
Selangor's population also has [[Chinese Malaysian|Chinese]] and [[Indian Malaysian|Indian]] influence; those two having larger minority populations.
Being the most developed state in Malaysia, Selangor also receives a lot of [[Western world|Western]] influence.
==Cuisine==
The traditional Malay cuisine in Selangor has received influences from [[Johor]], [[Bugis]], [[Jawa]] and [[Minangkabau]].
''[[Rojak Klang]]'', ''Lontong Klang'' and ''Mee Bandung'' are famous cuisines in Klang (Note: ''Mee Bandung'' is also touted to have originated from Johor). Other famous dishes include ''Mee Jawa'' (which is similar to ''Mee Rebus'' in Johor), ''[[Satay|Satay Kajang]]'', ''Ketam Darul Ehsan'', ''Kuah Asam Pedas'' and ''Sayur Masak Rebung''.
[[Klang]] ''[[bak kut teh]]'' is famous among the [[Chinese Malaysian|Chinese]] population. It is a herbal pork soup which is eaten during breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Coastal towns such as Klang and [[Kuala Selangor]] are also famed for seafood.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.selangor.gov.my/ Official website]
* {{wikitravel}}
* [http://www.kliaekspres.com/other%20pages/Trains%20&%20Routes/images/route.gif Rail map of Selangor]
* [http://www.geographia.com/malaysia/selangor.html Geographical maps of Selangor]
* [http://www.geographia.com/malaysia/selhistory.html History of Selangor]
*[http://www.virtualmalaysia.com/destination/state.cfm?state=selangor Selangor page on the official portal of the ministry of tourism malaysia]
{{Selangor}}
{{States and Federal Territories of Malaysia}}
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