Senecio cineraria 4951547 222458047 2008-06-29T13:01:48Z CarolSpears 5000247 name change, references {{Taxobox | name = ''Jacobaea maritima'' | image = Jacobaea maritima 0.3 R.jpg | image_width = 270px | image_caption = '''Dusty Miller''' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Asterales]] | familia = [[Asteraceae]] | tribus = [[Senecioneae]] | genus = ''[[Jacobaea]]'' | species = '''''J. maritima''''' | binomial = ''Jacobaea maritima'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Pieter B. Pelser|Pelser]] & [[Ruud van Meijden|Meijden]] ([[:nl:Heukels' Flora van Nederland|2005]]) |synonyms = ''Cineraria bicolor'' <small>Willd.</small><br/> ''Othonna maritima'' <small>L.</small><br/> ''Senecio bicolor'' <small>(Willd.) Tod.</small><br/> ''Senecio cineraria'' <small>DC.</small><br/> ''Cineraria maritima'' <small>(L.) L.</small><br/> ''Senecio maritimus'' <small>(L.) Rchb.</small><br/> ''Cineraria gibbosa'' <small>Guss.</small><br/> ''Cineraria nebrodensis'' <small>Guss.</small><br/> ''Cineraria ambigua'' <small>Biv.</small><br/> Sources: AJB,<ref name="AJB">{{cite journal | last = Pelser | first = Pieter B. | authorlink =Pieter B. Pelser | coauthors = Barbara Gravendeel and Ruud van der Meijden | title = Tackling speciose genera: species composition and phylogenetic position of Senecio sect. Jacobaea (Asteraceae) based onplastid and nrDNA sequences | journal = [[American Journal of Botany]] | volume =89 | pages =929-939 | publisher = [[Botanical Society of America]] | date =2002 | url =http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/6/929 | accessdate = 2008-06-29 }}</ref> NRCS,<ref name='NRCS'>{{cite web | url = http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SECI2 | title = PLANTS Profile, ''Senecio cineraria'' DC. | accessdate = 2008-02-27 | author = Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) | authorlink = Natural Resources Conservation Service | format = HTML | work = The PLANTS Database | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture]] }}</ref> GRIN,<ref name='GRIN'>{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?450258 | title = Taxon: ''Jacobaea maritima'' (L.) Pelser & Meijden | accessdate = 2008-02-27 | author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network | date = 2007-05-04 | format = HTML | work = Taxonomy for Plants | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland }}</ref> E+M<ref name='EUROMED'>{{cite web | url = http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=7002288&PTRefFk=7000000 | title = Details for: Jacobaea maritima | accessdate = 2008-02-19 | author = Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem | authorlink = Botanical Garden in Berlin | format = HTML | work = Euro+Med PlantBase | publisher = [[Free University of Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin]] }}</ref> | range_map = Range map-Senecio cineraria-World.svg | range_map_width = 270px | range_map_caption = Range of uncultivated ''S. cineraria''. }} '''''Senecio cineraria''''' also known as '''Dusty miller''' is a [[species]] of ''[[Senecio]]'' from the family [[Asteraceae]], a native [[perennial]] of the [[Mediterranean]] and widely cultivated as an [[Annual (plant)|annual]] for its [[Silver (color)|silver]], [[felt]]-like leaves. ''Senecio cineraria'' shares the [[common name]] '''Dusty miller''' with other plants that also have silvery leaves; the two most often to share the name are ''[[Centaurea cineraria]]'' and ''[[Lychnis coronaria]]''. == Common names == [[Image:Dusty miller.jpg|thumb|150px|left|'''Silver ragwort''']] *{{lang-en|Dusty miller, Silver ragwort}} *{{lang-fr|Cinéraire maritime, Séneçon Cinéraire, Séneçon cendré}} *{{lang-it|Cineraria, Senecione cinerario}} *{{lang-ja|シロタエギク}} *{{lang-pl|starzec srebrzysty}} *{{lang-ru|Крестовник цинерариевый, Цинерария морская}}<ref name='GRIN'/><ref name='EUROMED'/> *{{lang-sv|Silverek}} *{{lang-zh|銀葉菊 }}<ref name="TPN">{{cite journal | last =Taiwan Plant Names | authorlink =Flora of North America | title = Taiwan/Dicots | volume =1 | pages =141 | accessdate = 2008-04-03 }}</ref> <br clear='left'/> == Description == ''Jacobaea maritima'' is a very [[white]]-[[wool]]ly,<ref name='Bailey'/> [[frost]] tender, heat and [[drought]] tolerant, [[evergreen]],<ref name='msu'>{{cite web | url = http://msuplants.com/pd.asp?pid=1751 | title = Dusty Miller (''Senecio cineraria'') | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = Jesse Saylor | authorlink = Michigan State University | format = HTML | work = Plant Encyclopedia }}</ref> [[perennial]], [[dicot]], [[subshrub]]<ref name='NRCS'/> that can grow to be {{convert|2|ft|m|lk=on}} or less tall<ref name='Bailey'>{{cite book | last = Bailey | first = Liberty Hyde | title = The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture: A Discussion for the Amateur, and ... | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PpQDAAAAMAAJ | format = HTML | edition = 6 | year = 1917 | publisher = The Macmillan Company | pages = 3639 | chapter = Senecio | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=PpQDAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1658&lpg=PA1658 | accessdate = 2008-03-03 }}</ref> and {{convert|18|in|cm|lk=on}} to {{convert|24|in|cm}} wide.<ref name='msu'/> '''Leaves and stems''': Stiff stems<ref name='msu'/> branching from the base, and covered in long, white, matted hairs. The leaves are lance-shaped, {{convert|2|in|cm}} to {{convert|6|in|cm}} long, serrated, pinnately cut,<ref name='msu'/> stiff, with oblong and obtuse segments,<ref name='Bailey'/> numerous and like the stems, also covered with long, white, matted hairs.<ref name='msu'/> '''Flowers''': Yellow or white in daisy-like,<ref name='mogarden'>{{cite web | url = http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?Code=A608 | title = ''Senecio cineraria'' | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = Kemper Center for Home Gardening | authorlink = Missouri Botanical Garden | format = HTML | publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden }}</ref> {{convert|1.5|in|cm}} wide,<ref name='msu'/> rayless,<ref name='Bailey'/> compact [[flower head]]s resembling a single flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common whorl of [[sepal]]s or ring of [[bract]]s at the base of the flower stalk.<ref name='Bailey'/> ''S. cineraria'' does not produce flowers the first year.<ref name='mogarden'/> '''Seeds''': Fruit are cylindrical [[achenes]].<ref name='msu'/> <br clear='all'/> == Distribution == [[Image:Range map-Senecio cineraria-Native.svg|thumb|Native range of ''S. cineraria''.]] '''Native''' <ref name='GRIN'/><ref name='EUROMED'/> :'''Africa''' ::'''Northern Africa''': [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]] :'''Asia''' ::'''Western Asia''': [[Turkey]], [[Anatolia]] :'''Europe''' ::'''Southeastern Europe''': [[Aegean Islands]], [[Kastelorizo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], [[Greece]], [[Italy]], [[Malta]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]], [[Kosovo]], [[Republic of Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]]. ::'''Southwestern Europe''': [[France]], [[Corsica]], [[Monaco]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Spain]] '''Current'''<ref name='NRCS'/><ref name='EUROMED'/> :'''Africa''' ::'''Northern Africa''': [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]], [[Gran Canaria]], [[Graciosa, Canary Islands|Graciosa]], :'''America''' ::'''North America''': [[Alabama]], [[California]], [[Maryland]], [[New York]], [[Oregon]], [[Utah]] :'''Asia''' ::'''Western Asia''': [[Turkey]], [[Anatolia]] :'''Europe''' ::'''Northern Europe''': [[Channel Islands]], [[Ireland]], [[United Kingdom]] (including [[Northern Ireland]]), [[Sweden]] ::'''Middle Europe''': [[Germany]] ::'''Southeastern Europe''': [[Aegean Islands]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Crimea]], [[Cyprus]], [[Kastelorizo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], [[Greece]], [[Italy]], [[Malta]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]], [[Kosovo]], [[Republic of Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]]. ::'''Southwestern Europe''': [[Corsica]], [[France]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Ibiza]], [[Formentera]], [[Mallorca]], [[Minorca]], [[Monaco]], [[São Jorge Island]], [[São Miguel Island]], [[Pico Island]], [[Santa Maria Island]], [[Terceira Island]], [[Spain]] ::'''West Europe''': [[Belgium]], [[Luxemburg]], [[Netherlands]] <gallery caption="Range maps" perrow="5"> Image:Range map-Senecio cineraria-North America.svg|[[North America]] Image:Range map-Senecio cineraria-Canary Islands.svg|[[Canary Islands]] Image:Range map-Senecio cineraria-Africa.svg|[[Africa]] Image:Range map-Senecio cineraria-Europe.svg|[[Europe]] </gallery> ==Horticulture== {{Quote box | quote = ''S. Cineraria'' is an old-fashioned garden plant. | source = [[Liberty Hyde Bailey]], [[1917]]<ref name='Bailey'/> | width = 33% | align = left }} ''Jacobaea maritima'' is known in the world of [[horticulture]] to be a tender perennial, that is winter hardy to [[Hardiness zone|USDA Zones 8-10]],<ref name='mogarden'/><ref name='usna'>{{cite web | url = http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hrdzon3.html | title = Hardiness Zones -- Details | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = United States National Arboretum | authorlink = United States National Arboretum | date = 2003-10-06 | format = HTML | work = USDA Hardiness Zone Map | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture]] }}</ref> and often lasts past the first frost, tolerant of shade but with some sun produces the best foliage color.<ref name='mogarden'/> As an annual, it grows in a rounded clump {{convert|6|in|cm}} to {{convert|15|in|cm}}; as a perennial, it gets shrubby and can grow to {{convert|2|ft|m}} tall. Often the cultivars do not produce flowers at all and new plants are purchased every year or cuttings gathered in the autumn.<ref name='mogarden'/> [[Image:Senecio cineraria.JPG|thumb|''J. maritima'' is tolerant of many difficult conditions.]] Recommended as fire resistant landscaping in California<ref name='plumas'>{{cite web | url = http://plumasfiresafe.org/Documents/treenote17.fire%20resits%20plant.3.pdf | title = Tree Notes | accessdate = 2008-03-02 | author = Jeanette Knutson-Pedersen | authorlink = California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection | year = 2005 | month = July | format = PDF | work = Fire Safe Landscaping | publisher = [[Plumas County, California|Plumas Fire Safe Council]] }}</ref> that also is an attractive way to screen around outdoor electrical installations,<ref name='davis'>{{cite web | url = http://www.city.davis.ca.us/cdd/pdfs/planning/forms/Ground-mounted_Transformer_Screening_Requirements.pdf | title = LANDSCAPE SCREEN FOR PAD-MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = T&D Engineering and Technical Support | authorlink = Pacific Gas and Electric Company | date = 2002-02-02 | format = PDF | work = UG-1: Transformers Greenbook | publisher = [[Davis, California|City of Davis]] }}</ref> as a plant that deer do not seem to like well enough to severely damage by eating,<ref name='tamu'>{{cite web | url = http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/deerbest.html | title = Coping with the deer by the use of deer resistant plants. | accessdate = 2008-02-29 | author = Forrest W. Appleton, Retired certifed nursery professional, Bexar County Master Gardener | authorlink = Cooperative extension service | date = 2003-09-29 | format = HTML | work = [PLANTanswers http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/web.html] | publisher = [[Texas A&M University]] }}</ref> whose leaves are attractive to two species of old world bees (''[[Megachilidae]]'': ''[[Anthidium]] manicatum'' and ''[[Anthidium]] oblongatum'')<ref name='gle'>{{cite journal | last = Shane R. Miller, Robert Gaebel, Randall J. Mitchell, and Mike Arduser | coauthors = University of Akron | title = OCCURRENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF OLD WORLD BEES, ''ANTHIDIUM MANICATUM'' AND ''A. OBLONGATUM'' (APOIDEA: MEGACHILIDAE), IN NORTHERN OHIO AND SOUTHERN MICHIGAN | journal = THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST | volume = 35 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–69 | url = http://www3.uakron.edu/biology/mitchell/pdfs/Miller%20et%20al%202002.pdf | accessdate = 2008-03-03 }}</ref> and as a water conserving perennial<ref name='pasorobles'>{{cite web | url = http://www.pasorobles.ca.gov/government/departments/publicworks/water/pdf/Perennials13-16.pdf | title = Water Conserving Plants - Perennials 13-16 | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = City of Paso Robles | authorlink = Paso Robles, California | format = PDF | publisher = [[Paso Robles]] Water Division }}</ref> which is also a reliable [[halophile]].<ref name='yorkcounty'>{{cite web | url = http://www.yorkcounty.gov/vce/progareas/hort/pubs/Salt%20Tolerant%20Plants%20w%20ltrhead.pdf | title = Salt Tolerant Plants for Water-front Applications | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = York County Office | authorlink = York County, Virginia | format = PDF }}</ref> ==Subspecies which are synonyms== *''Senecio bicolor'' (Willd.) Todaro ssp. ''cineraria'' (DC.) Chater<ref name='GRIN2'>{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?33655 | title = Taxon: ''Senecio cineraria'' DC. | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network | date = 1995-05-28 | format = HTML | work = Taxonomy for Plants | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland }}</ref> *''Senecio bicolor'' subsp. ''cineraria'' (DC.) Chater *''Senecio cineraria'' subsp. ''bicolor'' (Willd.) Arcang.<ref name='GRIN'/> <br clear='all'/> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== *{{cite web | url = http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2005/Projects/J1408.pdf | title = Analyzing the Effects of Gasoline Vapors on ''Senecio cineraria'': Acute vs. Chronic Exposure | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = Stephanie A. Doran | authorlink = Science_fair#United_States | date = 2005-05-02 | format = PDF | work = CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2005 PROJECT SUMMARY | publisher = [http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2005/ 2005 California State Science Fair] }} * {{Gutenberg | no=9550 | name=Manual of Gardening (Second Edition)}} *{{cite web | url = http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/shrubs/SENCINA.PDF | title = Fact Sheet FPS-544 ''Senecio cineraria'' | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | author = Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe | authorlink = University of Florida | year = 1999 | month = October | format = PDF | work = [http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/shrubs/ 514 Shrub Fact Sheets] | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Cooperative extension service]] }} [[Category:Senecio|cineraria]] [[Category:Jacobaea|maritima]] [[es:Senecio cineraria]] [[fr:Séneçon Cinéraire]] [[it:Senecio cineraria]] [[pl:Starzec popielny]]