Sepultura 168730 225846422 2008-07-15T17:53:10Z Cannibaloki 6590632 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 225843333 by [[Special:Contributions/SuperDamian|SuperDamian]] ([[User talk:SuperDamian|talk]]) {{Articleissues|cleanup=March 2008|OR=March 2008}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Sepultura | Img = Metalmania 2007 - Sepultura 05.jpg | Img_capt = Sepultura during [[Metalmania|Metalmania 2007]] festival in [[Katowice]], [[Poland]] | Img_size = 250 | Landscape = Yes | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]] | Genre = [[Black metal]] <small>(early)</small><ref>Schwarz (2005), page 42.</ref><br />[[Death metal]] <small>(early)</small><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:gnfuxq8gldte | publisher = Allmusic Guide | title = Morbid Visions/Bestial Devastation review | author = Ed Rivadavia | accessdate = 2008-05-03 }}</ref><ref name= terrorizer151>Hinchcliffe 2006, page 54.</ref><br/>[[Thrash metal]]<br />[[Groove metal]]<ref>[http://www.provokator.org/magazine/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=474&Itemid=1 Legendární brazilská formace Sepultura zahraje v Rock Café!!! - ProvokatoR magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | Years_active = 1984–present | Label = Cogumelo<br/>[[Roadrunner Records|Roadrunner]]<br/>[[SPV GmbH]]<br />[[New Renaissance Records|New Renaissance]] | Associated_acts = [[Cavalera Conspiracy]]<br>[[Nailbomb]]<br>[[Sarcófago]]<br>[[Soulfly]] | Current_members = [[Derrick Green]]<br />[[Andreas Kisser]]<br/>[[Paulo Jr.]]<br/>[[Jean Dolabella]] | Past_members = [[Wagner Lamounier]]<br/>[[Max Cavalera]]<br/>[[Igor Cavalera]]<br/>[[Jairo Guedes]] }} '''Sepultura''' is a [[Brazilian]] [[heavy metal]] group formed in [[1984]] at [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]].<ref name= barcinski16>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 16.</ref> The band was a major force in the [[Death metal|death]]/[[thrash metal]] realm during the late [[1980s]] and early [[1990s]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/sepultura/albums/album/121519/review/5943454/chaos_ad|title= Sepultura: Chaos A.D.|author= Darzin, Daina|date= 1994-05-05|publisher= [http://www.rollingstone.com Rolling Stone]|accessdate= 2008-07-13}}</ref> and later experiments welding [[hardcore punk]] and [[industrial music]] with [[extreme metal]]<ref name= haagsma1993>{{cite web |url= http://sepultura.be/index.php?name=Sections&req=viewarticle&artid=24&page=1|title= Sepultura|author= Haagsma, Robert|date= 1993|publisher= [http://www.aardschok.com Aardschok] / [http://www.metalhammer.co.uk Metal Hammer]|accessdate= 2008-05-03}} Archived at [http://www.sepultura.be Sepultura.be]</ref><ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, pages 89 & 90.</ref> provided a blueprint for the [[Groove metal|groove]]<ref name= "groove">{{cite web |url= http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/Sepultura|title= FOCUS ON CHAOS OF THE CARRION KIND|date= 2006-09-26|publisher= [http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com Roadrunner Records]|accessdate= 2008-07-13}}</ref> and [[hardcore metal]] subgenres {{Fact|date=July 2008}}. Sepultura gained multiple [[Music recording sales certification|gold]] and [[Music recording sales certification|platinum]] records across the globe, including countries such as [[France]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?forme_certif=28&annee=9|title= Les certifications Albums - Année 1994|publisher= [http://www.disqueenfrance.com Musique sur Disque en France (SNEP)]|accessdate= 2008-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?suite=6&forme_certif=8&annee=12|title= Les certifications Albums - Année 1997|publisher= [http://www.disqueenfrance.com Musique sur Disque en France (SNEP)]|accessdate= 2008-07-08}}</ref> [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-albums-1997.htm|title= ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 1997 Albums|publisher= [http://www.aria.com.au Australian Recording Industry Association]|accessdate= 2008-07-08}}</ref> [[Indonesia]],<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, pages 109 & 143.</ref> the [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH|title= GOLD AND PLATINUM - Searchable Database|publisher= [http://www.riaa.com RIAA] |accessdate= 2008-07-08}}</ref> and their native [[Brazil]].<ref name= barcinski143>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 143.</ref> The band has released ten studio albums so far, and another one has been announced to be released in [[2008]]. Their most successful records are ''[[Arise (album)|Arise]]'' (1991),<ref name= allsepsbio>{{cite web|url= http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:fifoxqr5ldke~T1|title= ((( Sepultura > Biography )))|author= Rivadavia, Ed|publisher= [http://www.allmusic.com allmusic.com]|accessdate= 2008-07-08}}</ref> ''[[Chaos A.D. (album)|Chaos A.D.]]'' (1993) and ''[[Roots (album)|Roots]]'' (1996)<ref>Harris 2000, page 14.</ref> - each of them has since surpassed 1 million units sold, worldwide. == History == === Early days (1984–1985) === Sepultura was formed in [[1984]] at [[Belo Horizonte]], the capital city of [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil.<ref name= barcinski16>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 16.</ref> At the core of Sepultura were brothers [[Max Cavalera|Max]] and [[Igor Cavalera]], the empoverished sons of [[Model (person)|model]] Vânia and Graciliano, a well-to-do Italian [[Diplomacy|diplomat]] whose fatal heart attack left his family in financial dire straits.<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 14.</ref> Graciliano's death deeply affected his sons, providing them the impetus to start a band.<ref>{{cite album-notes|title= Roots|albumlink= Roots (Sepultura album)|bandname= [[Sepultura]]|year= 2005|notestitle=The Roots of Sepultura|url=|first=Steffan|last=Chirazi|pages=p. 13|format=CD booklet|publisher= [[Roadrunner Records]]|location= [[New York City|New York]], [[NY]]}}</ref> They chose "Sepultura" as the group's name after Max Cavalera was translating the lyrics of the [[Motörhead]] song "Dancing on Your Grave".<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 17.</ref> Early Cavalera likes included [[Van Halen]], [[Iron Maiden]], Motörhead, [[AC/DC]], [[Judas Priest]] and [[Ozzy Osbourne]]'s solo career.<ref name=barcinski16>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 16.</ref> That changed the day they first heard [[Venom (band)|Venom]]. Igor said, {{cquote|I remember the first time I listened to Venom, it was on a friend's borrowed tape. It was similar to Mötorhead, only a lot heavier. I remember someone saying: it's the devil's Mötorhead! After we got acquainted with Venom, we stopped listening to Iron Maiden and all that lighter stuff.<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 19.</ref>}} From then on the Cavaleras quickly graduated to hearing to [[Kreator]], [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]], [[Metallica]], [[Exodus (band)|Exodus]] and [[Exciter (band)|Exciter]].<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 26.</ref> After a revolving door of musicians, Sepultura established a temporary line-up of Max (electric guitar), Igor (drums), [[Wagner Lamounier]] (vocals) and [[Paulo Jr.]] (bass guitar).<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 21.</ref> On [[March]] [[1985]] Lamounier exited Sepultura after an argument with the whole group, and went on to become the frontman of [[black metal]] pioneers [[Sarcófago]]. After Lamounier's departure Max took over the vocal duties, and [[Jairo Guedes]] was invited to join the band as their lead guitarist.<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 28.</ref> === ''Morbid Visions'' (1985–1986) === Sepultura signed to Cogumelo Records after a few years of performing. Their first [[EP]] was ''[[Bestial Devastation]]'', a split album with fellow [[Brazil]]ians Overdose. Their first LP ''[[Morbid Visions]]'' ([[1986]]), was initially released in America on [[New Renaissance Records]], a record label owned by [[Ann Boleyn (Singer)|Ann Boleyn]]. [[New Renaissance Records]] was heavily criticized by the media for signing and promoting Sepultura. However, eventually "Troops of Doom" attracted radio airplay. Both albums are nowadays regarded as early milestones in the establishment of [[death metal]]. After ''Morbid Visions'', Jairo Guedes left the band for another thrash metal venture and was replaced by [[São Paulo]]-based guitarist [[Andreas Kisser]]. === ''Schizophrenia'' (1987–1988) === Their second full-length album was ''[[Schizophrenia (Sepultura album)|Schizophrenia]]'', which was a critical success{{Fact|date=February 2008}} that led them to being contracted to [[Roadrunner Records]]. With Roadrunner distributing ''Schizophrenia'' worldwide, Sepultura reached new audiences of metal fans. === ''Beneath the Remains'' (1989–1990) === This was cemented by ''[[Beneath the Remains]]'' ([[1989]]), which was hailed by ''[[Terrorizer (magazine)|Terrorizer]]'' magazine as one of the all-time top 20 [[thrash metal|thrash]] albums<ref>''Terrorizer'' #109 (2003), page 35 (author unknown)</ref>, as well as a gaining a placing in their all-time top 40 death metal records<ref name= terrorizer151>Hinchcliffe 2006, page 54</ref>. It was followed by a long European and American tour. Their first US show was [[October 31]], [[1989]] at the Ritz in New York City, opening for [[King Diamond]]. === ''Arise'' (1991–1992) === By the time they released ''[[Arise (album)|Arise]]'' in 1991, Sepultura were located in [[Phoenix, Arizona]] and had become one of the most critically-praised metal bands of the time, in spite of a lack of mainstream success.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} === ''Chaos A.D.'' (1993–1995) === That changed with ''[[Chaos A.D. (album)|Chaos A.D.]]'' (1993), which saw a departure from their previous death/thrash style,<ref>Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 131.</ref> now mixing it with [[Industrial music|industrial]] and [[hardcore punk]] elements.<ref name= haagsma1993>{{cite web |url= http://sepultura.be/index.php?name=Sections&req=viewarticle&artid=24&page=1|title= Sepultura|author= Haagsma, Robert|date= 1993|publisher= [http://www.aardschok.com Aardschok] / [http://www.metalhammer.co.uk Metal Hammer]|accessdate= 2008-05-03}} Archived at [http://www.sepultura.be Sepultura.be]</ref> The album helped usher the groove metal genre,<ref name= "groove">{{cite web |url= http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/Sepultura|title= FOCUS ON CHAOS OF THE CARRION KIND|date= 2006-09-26|publisher= [http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com Roadrunner Records]|accessdate= 2008-07-13}}</ref> and saw Sepultura achieve recognition beyond the thrash metal community.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} In parallel, in 1994, Max and Igor, aided by Alex Newport of Fudge Tunnel, recorded a more industrial LP, ''Point Blank'', under the name [[Nailbomb]]. Nailbomb played a full live set only once, and the performance was released as ''[[Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide]]''. Nailbomb also played selected tracks live on Sepultura's [[1994]] tour with guests Fudge Tunnel.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} === ''Roots'' (1996–1997) === They continued with this on ''[[Roots (Sepultura album)|Roots]]'' ([[1996]]), in which the band further innovated by experimenting with elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples and traditional thrash, with a slower, downtuned metal sound. The title track is probably the band's best-known song,"Roots Bloody Roots" and often a staple at live shows. In [[1996]], Sepultura played on the [[Ozzfest]] main stage alongside [[Ozzy Osbourne]], [[Slayer]], [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]], [[Biohazard (band)|Biohazard]], and [[Fear Factory]]. At the height of Sepultura's fame however a series of events broke the band apart. Just after the release of ''[[Roots (Sepultura album)|Roots]]'', Sepultura decided to fire their manager, Gloria, Max Cavalera's wife. It was rumoured that there was some intra-band tension throughout the latter half of [[1996]],{{Fact|date=February 2008}} and at the end of a successful tour of Britain later that year, at [[Brixton Academy]] on [[December 16]], [[1996]], the band told Max they would not renew Gloria's management contract. Max Cavalera left the band, and subsequently formed a new one, [[Soulfly]]. The others announced that they would continue under the Sepultura name and were searching for a replacement. === ''Against'' (1998–2000) === A recording of Max's last show with the band was later released in [[2002]] as a live album, ''[[Under A Pale Grey Sky]]'' by their former record label [[Roadrunner Records]], against the wishes of the band. [[Derrick Green]] from [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]] wound up filling the frontman spot, and the band released ''[[Against (album)|Against]]'' in [[1998]]. === ''Nation'' (2001–2002) === ''Against'' was commercially less successful than its two predecessors,{{Fact|date=February 2008}} as was the follow-up ''[[Nation (album)|Nation]]''. These releases saw Sepultura move away from their previous approach of the [[thrash metal]] sound - a process already in motion in such releases as ''[[Roots (Sepultura album)|Roots]]'', and aided by Max's departure. Subsequent releases have had a positive effect in returning praise to the band, but album sales still remain low. === ''Roorback'' (2003–2005) === After recording ''[[Revolusongs]]'', an [[EP]] of covers in 2002, the band released the album ''[[Roorback]]'' in 2003, which garnered many positive reviews.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} In [[2005]] The band played in [[Dubai]] for the annual [[Dubai Desert Rock Festival]]. In [[November]] [[2005]] the live Double-[[DVD]] and Double-[[CD]] ''[[Live In São Paulo|Live in São Paulo]]'' was released. This was the first official live album from the band. The release of 'Live In São Paulo' marked the first involvement of the new 'Sepularmy' street team in promotion of the bands music. The Sepularmy is unrelated to the bands record label SPV and its members are motivated purely by the desire to share the bands music and message around the world. === ''Dante XXI'' (2006–present) === A new album, called ''[[Dante XXI]]'' was released on [[March 14]], [[2006]]. It is based around [[Dante]]'s ''[[The Divine Comedy]]''. This album has been considered to be the band's best effort with Derrick Green and also carries some thrash influence. Music-videos for the songs "Convicted in Life" and "Ostia" were released, following on from the album's concept. In a recent interview in ''Revolver Magazine'', Max Cavalera stated that Igor and himself would reunite with the original lineup. There were also rumors that the newly reunited Sepultura would play on the main stage at [[Ozzfest#Ozzfest 2007|Ozzfest 2007]]. However, this was denied by Kisser and the proposed reunion did not occur. <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=62221 |title=There Will Be No Sepultura Reunion In 2007|date= [[2006-11-15]]|publisher= [http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net BLABBERMOUTH.NET]|accessdate = 2007-07-13}}</ref> Andreas also stated that the band is planning a new studio album release for [[2008]], being the first without any Cavalera member.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=65416 |title=Sepultura Guitarist Andreas Kisser: New Studio Album Planned For 2008|date= [[2007-01-16]]|publisher= [http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net BLABBERMOUTH.NET]|accessdate= 2007-09-17}}</ref> In [[January]] [[2008]] the band released a new music-video for the song "Ostia" from the "Dante XXI" album. As stated on their Myspace page, the new album will be another concept album, based on "[[A Clockwork Orange]]." ==Sepularmy== The Sepularmy was set up in [[2005]] by Sepultura fans to help promote the band. In the past, the band had suffered from poor promotion from various record labels. After the split from Roadrunner Records, the band suffered a loss in popularity, and as a result, got less exposure.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} Their aim is to help spread the music and message of Sepultura, and to promote the band in various ways. Methods include producing flyers that fans can print out and distribute in local venues and music shops, and posting on [[Internet forum]]s to help reach potential fans.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} ==In popular culture== * The music video for "Arise" appears in the 1994 movie, ''[[Reality Bites]]''. * The songs "Desperate Cry" and "Inner Self" are featured in the soundtrack for ''[[Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby]]''. * Sepultura's ''Roots'' poster appears in the movie ''[[Meet the Parents]]'' ([[2000]]) with [[Robert De Niro]] and [[Ben Stiller]] (on the wall in the room of Denny Byrnes). * The international gaming clan Regnum-Irae, founded in [[2000]], took its name from a Sepultura song. * The song The Waste (remix of Kamaitachi featuring [[Mike Patton]]) is featured on the [[Freddy Vs Jason]] soundtrack. * Sepultura can be found scribled on the walls Throughout the shelter in "[[Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare]]" * Sepultura's ''Arise'' poster appears in the movie ''[[Airheads]]''. ==Discography== {{main|Sepultura discography}} *''[[Morbid Visions]]'' ([[1986]]) *''[[Schizophrenia (Sepultura album)|Schizophrenia]]'' ([[1987]]) *''[[Beneath the Remains]]'' ([[1989]]) *''[[Arise (album)|Arise]]'' ([[1991]]) *''[[Chaos A.D. (album)|Chaos A.D.]]'' ([[1993]]) *''[[Roots (Sepultura album)|Roots]]'' ([[1996]]) *''[[Against]]'' ([[1998]]) *''[[Nation (album)|Nation]]'' ([[2001]]) *''[[Roorback]]'' ([[2003]]) *''[[Dante XXI]]'' ([[2006]]) *Untitled 11th album ([[2008]]) ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} {{Wiktionary}} == References == * Anonymous (May 2003). ''Beneath the Remains''. In: ''A Megaton Hit Parade: The All-Time Thrash Top 20''. ''Terrorizer'' #109, page 35. * Barcinski, André & Gomes, Silvio (1999). ''Sepultura: Toda a História''. São Paulo: Ed. 34. ISBN 85-7326156-0 * Harris, Keith (2000). ''Roots?: The Relationship between the Global and the Local within the Extreme Metal Scene''. Popular Music, 19(1): 13-30. * Hinchcliffe, James (December 2006). ''Beneath the Remains''. In: ''Death Metal|The DM Top 40''. ''Terrorizer'' #151, page 54. * Lemos, Anamaria (Setembro 1993). "Caos Desencanado". ''Bizz'' #98, pages 40-45. * Schwarz, Paul (February 2005). ''Morbid Visions''. In: ''The First Wave''. ''Terrorizer'' #128, page 42. * Sepultura (1996). ''Roots.'' [CD]. New York, NY: Roadrunner Records. The 25th Anniversary Series (2-CD Reissue, 2005). ==External links== {{commons|category:sepultura|Sepultura}} *[http://www.sepultura.com.br Sepultura web site] *[http://www.myspace.com/sepultura official Sepultura myspace-page] *[http://www.sepularmy.net WWW.SEPULARMY.NET] *[http://heavymetal.about.com/od/interviews/a/sepultura.htm Derrick Green Interview at About.com] *[http://www.the-nextlevel.com/board/attachment.php?attachmentid=14378 "Heavy Metal Music in Postdictatorial Brazil: Sepultura and the Coding of Nationality in Sound"], academic paper by Tulane University professor Idelber Avelar commenting the evolution of Sepultura's style up to ''Roots'' on the lights of a socio–historic analysis of postdictatorial Brazil. {{Sepultura}} [[Category:Brazilian heavy metal musical groups]] [[Category:Brazilian musical groups]] [[Category:Brazilian rock]] [[Category:Sepultura]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1984]] [[Category:1980s music groups]] [[Category:1990s music groups]] [[Category:2000s music groups]] [[Category:Brazilian death metal musical groups]] [[Category:Thrash metal musical groups]] [[Category:Groove metal musical groups]] [[Category:Roadrunner Records artists]] [[bs:Sepultura]] [[bg:Sepultura]] [[ca:Sepultura]] [[cs:Sepultura]] [[da:Sepultura]] [[de:Sepultura]] [[et:Sepultura]] [[es:Sepultura (banda)]] [[eo:Sepultura]] [[fr:Sepultura]] [[gl:Sepultura]] [[hr:Sepultura]] [[id:Sepultura]] [[it:Sepultura]] [[he:ספולטורה]] [[ka:სეპულტურა]] [[csb:Sepultura]] [[la:Sepultura]] [[lt:Sepultura]] [[hu:Sepultura]] [[nl:Sepultura]] [[ja:セパルトゥラ]] [[no:Sepultura]] [[uz:Sepultura]] [[pl:Sepultura]] [[pt:Sepultura]] [[ro:Sepultura]] [[ru:Sepultura]] [[simple:Sepultura]] [[sk:Sepultura]] [[sl:Sepultura]] [[fi:Sepultura]] [[szl:Sepultura]] [[sv:Sepultura]] [[tr:Sepultura]] [[uk:Sepultura]]