Sewing 92295 224400566 2008-07-08T18:09:08Z Aqn 404107 reorder alphabetically [[Image:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Sewing (1898) Edit.jpg|thumb|left|[[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]], ''Sewing'' (1898)]] {{redirect|Sewn|the song|Sewn (song)}} {{redirect|Seamstress|the graphics library|Seam carving}} {{redirect|Butterfly stitch|the musical group|Vanessa Olivarez}} {{redirect|Stitching|the process of combining multiple images|image stitching}} [[Image:SewingInDetroit,Michigan.jpg|thumb|Early 20th century sewing in Detroit, Michigan]] [[Image:Sewing 01.jpg|thumb|Using a modern [[sewing machine]]]] '''Sewing''' or '''stitching''' is the fastening of [[cloth]], [[leather]], [[fur]]s, [[bark]], or other flexible materials, using [[Sewing needle|needle]] and [[yarn|thread]]. Its use is nearly universal among human populations and dates back to [[Paleolithic]] times (30,000 BC). Sewing predates the [[weaving]] of cloth. Sewing is used primarily to produce [[clothing]] and household furnishings such as [[curtain]]s, bedclothes, [[upholstery]], and table linens. It is also used for sails, bellows, skin boats, [[banners]], and other items shaped out of flexible materials such as [[canvas]] and [[leather]]. Most sewing in the [[industry|industrial]] world is done by [[machine]]s. Pieces of a garment are often first [[tack (sewing)|tacked]] together. The machine has a complex set of gears and arms that pierces thread through the layers of the cloth and semi-securely interlocks the thread. Some people sew clothes for themselves and their families. More often home sewers sew to repair clothes, such as mending a torn seam or replacing a loose button. A person who sews for a living is known as a '''seamstress''' (from ''seams-mistress'') or '''seamster''' (from ''seams-master''), [[dressmaker]], [[tailor]], or garment worker. "Plain" sewing is done for functional reasons: making or mending clothing or household linens. "Fancy" sewing is primarily [[beauty|decorative]], including techniques such as [[shirring]], [[smocking]], [[embroidery]], or [[quilting]]. Sewing is the foundation for many needle arts and crafts, such as [[applique]], [[canvas work]], and [[patchwork]]. While sewing is often seen as a low-skill job, the task of designing good-looking three-dimensional shapes from non-stretching two-dimensional fabric generally requires extensive hands-on knowledge of the design and principles of mathematical [[manifold| manifolds]]. Flat sheets of fabric with holes and slits cut into the fabric can curve and fold in 3D space in extensively complex ways that require a high level of skill and experience to manipulate into a smooth, ripple-free design. Aligning and orienting patterns printed or woven into the fabric further complicates the design process. Once a clothing designer with these skills has created the initial product, the fabric can then be cut using templates and sewn by manual laborers or machines. ==Seam allowance == Seam allowance is the area between the edge of the fabric and the line of stitching. It is usually 1.5cm away from the edge of the fabric. ==Occupations requiring sewing== [[Image:Eatons Seamstresses.jpg|thumb|right|Seamstresses at a factory, 1904]] * [[Bookbinding|Bookbinder]] * [[Shoemaking|Cobbler]] * [[Corsetier]] * [[Draper]] * [[Dressmaker]] * [[Glove|Glover]] * [[Hatter]] * [[Milliner]] * [[Parachute rigger]] * [[Quilting|Quilter]] * [[Sailmaker]] * Seamstress * [[Tailor]] * [[Taxidermist]] * [[Upholsterer]] ==Sewing tools and accessories== [[Image:Nähkästchen.jpg|thumb|Sewing box with sewing notions]] *[[stitching awl]] *[[bobbin]] *[[bodkin]] *[[dress form]] *[[dressmaker's or tailor's shears]] *[[measuring tape]] *[[Sewing needle|needle]] *[[pattern (sewing)|pattern]] *[[pattern weights]] *[[pin (device)|pin]] *[[pincushion]] *[[rotary cutter]] *[[scissors]] *[[seam ripper]] *[[sewing table]] *[[chalk|tailor's chalk]] *[[thimble]] *[[yarn|thread/yarn]] *[[tracing paper]] *[[tracing wheel]] *[[wax]], often [[beeswax]] *[[sewing box]] ==Notions (objects sewn into garments or soft goods)== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-1-of-2}} ===Closures=== *[[buckle]] *[[button]] (buttons can be sew-through or have [[shank (sewing)|shanks]].) *[[toggle]] *[[chinese frog]] *[[eye (sewing)|eye]] *[[hook]] *[[Velcro|hook-and-loop tape]] (often known by brand name Velcro) *[[Snap fastener|snap]] *[[zipper]] *[[ties]] {{Col-2-of-2}} ===Finishing and embellishment=== *[[beaded fringe & trim]] *[[Elastomer|elastic]] *[[piping/cording/welting]] *[[eyelet]] *[[grommet]] *[[heading (sewing)|heading]] *[[interfacing]] *[[rivet]] *[[trim (sewing)|trims]] (fringe, beaded fringe, ribbons, lace, sequin tape) {{Col-end}} ==List of stitches== The two main stitches that sewing machines make of which the others are derivatives are lockstitch and chain stitch. * [[back tack]] * [[backstitch]] - a sturdy hand stitch for seams and decoration * [[tack (sewing)|basting stitch]] (or tacking) - for reinforcement * [[blanket stitch]] * [[blind stitch]] (or [[hem stitch]]) - a type of slip stitch used for inconspicuous hems * [[buttonhole stitch]] * [[chain stitch]] - hand or machine stitch for seams or decoration * [[cross stitches|cross-stitch]] - usually used for decoration, but may also be used for seams * [[darning|darning stitch]] * [[embroidery stitch]] * [[hemming stitch]] * [[lockstitch]] - machine stitch, also called straight stitch * [[overhand stitch]] * [[overlock]] * [[pad stitch]] * [[padding stitch]] * [[running stitch]] - a hand stitch for seams and gathering * [[sailmakers stitch]] * [[slip stitch]] - a hand stitch for fastening two pieces of fabric together from the right side without the thread showing * [[stretch stitch]] * [[topstitch]] * [[whipstitch]] (or [[oversewing or overcast stitch]]) - for protecting edges * [[zig-zag|zig-zag stitch]] ==See also== *[[Haberdasher]] *[[Sewing machine]] ==References== * {{cite book |author=[[Elissa Meyrich]] |title=RIP IT!: How to Deconstruct and Reconstruct the Clothes of Your Dreams|publisher=Fireside |location=New York |year=2006|ISBN-10: 0743268997|ISBN-13: 978-0743268998 }} * {{cite book |author=Elissa Meyrich |title=Sew Fast Sew Easy: All You Need to Know When You Start to Sew |publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|location=New York |year=2002 |ISBN-10: 0312269099 ISBN-13: 978-0312269098 }} * {{cite book |author=[[Susan Huxley]] |title=Sewing Secrets from the Fashion Industry: Proven Methods to Help You Sew Like the Pros |publisher=Rodale Publishing|location=New York |year=1999 |ISBN-10: 0875969801 | ISBN-13: 978-0875969800 }} * ''Singer: The New Sewing Essentials'' by The Editors of Creative Publishing International ISBN 0-86573-308-2 ==External links== <!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})=============================== | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. 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Or submit your link | | to the appropriate category at the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org)| | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | ===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================--> * [http://vintagesewing.info Vintage Sewing Reference Library] (free online access to public domain sewing books) * [http://seweasy.biz/hissewing.htm History of Industrial Sewing] {{commonscat}} * {{sewing}} {{Textile arts}} [[Category:Sewing| ]] [[Category:Manufacturing]] [[Category:Crafts]] [[Category:Arts and crafts]] [[ar:حياكة]] [[gn:Vyvypy]] [[de:Nähen]] [[es:Costura]] [[eo:Kudrado]] [[fr:Couture]] [[he:תפירה]] [[hu:Varrás]] [[nl:Naaien]] [[ja:裁縫]] [[pl:Szycie]] [[fi:Ompelu]] [[sv:Sömnad]] [[tl:Pananahi]]