Shalom
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2008-06-17T16:41:28Z
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[[Image:Shalom.png|right|250px]]
{{Wiktionary}}
[[Image:ShalomSalamPeaceIsraelisPalestinians.png|thumb|170px|'''<font color="#0000CC">"Shalom" (in blue</font>''') and '''<font color="#008000">"Salaam" (in green</font>''') mean "[[peace]]" in Hebrew and Arabic respectively and often represent a [[peace symbol]].]]
'''Shalom''' ({{Hebrew|שָׁלוֹם}}) is a [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word meaning ''peace'', ''Nothing missing'', ''Nothing broken'', ''wellbeing'', and ''complete'',<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1192380589931&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Glamour of the Grammar] in the [http://www.jpost.com Jerusalem Post]</ref><ref>[http://cf.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H07965&Version=kjv Blue Letter Bible]</ref><ref>[http://www.biblestudytools.net/Lexicons/Hebrew/heb.cgi?search=H7999&version=kjv As mentioned in the Strong's Concordance]</ref> and used to mean ''hello'', and ''goodbye''. As it does in [[English language|English]], it can refer to either [[peace]] between two entities (especially between man and God or between two countries), or to the well-being, welfare or safety of an individual or a group of individuals. It is also used as a greeting to either say hello or farewell, and is found in many other expressions and names. Its equivalent [[cognate]] in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is ''[[salaam]]'', Shlomo (ܫܠܡܐ) in [[Syriac language|Syriac-Assyrian]] and ''sälam'' in [[Ethiopian Semitic languages]] from the Hebrew [[Root (linguistics)|root]] [[S-L-M|shin-lamed-mem]] (ש.ל.ם).
==In expressions==
The Word "shalom" can be used for all parts of speech; as a noun, adjective, verb, and as an adverb. It categorizes all shaloms. The word ''shalom'' is used in a variety of expressions and contexts in Hebrew speech and writing:
*''[[Shalom aleichem]]'' ({{Hebrew|שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם}}; "well-being be upon you" or "may you be well"), this expression is used to greet others and is a Hebrew equivalent of "hello". The appropriate response to such a greeting is "upon you be well-being" ( עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם, ''aleichem shalom''). This is a cognate of the Arabic ''[[Assalamu alaikum]]''. On Erev [[Shabbat]] (Sabbath eve), Jewish people have a custom of singing a song which is called [[Shalom aleichem#Friday night Shabbat welcoming song|Shalom aleichem]], before the [[Kiddush]] over wine of the [[Shabbat dinner]] is recited.
*In the [[Gospels]], [[Jesus]] often uses the greeting "Peace be unto you," a translation of ''shalom aleichem''.
*''Shalom'' by itself is a very common abbreviation, and is used in Modern Israeli Hebrew to both greet and farewell. In this it is similar to the Hawaiian ''[[aloha]]'', the (rather old-fashioned) English ''[[good evening]]'' and the Indian ''[[namaste]]''. Also in [[Israel]], especially among secular people, "b'ye" (English) and "yallah b'ye" (a mixture of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and English) is popular. ''Shalom'' is also used by Jewish people around the world, and even by many non-Jewish people.
*''Shabbat shalom'' ({{Hebrew|שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם}}) is a common greeting used on [[Shabbat]] (the Jewish [[Sabbath]]). This is most prominent in areas with [[Mizrahi Jews|Mizrahi]], [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]], or modern [[Israel]]i influence. Many [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] communities in the Jewish diaspora use [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] ''Gut shabbes'' in preference or interchangeably.
*''Ma sh'lom'cha'' ({{Hebrew|מַה שְׁלוֹמְךָ}}; "what is your well-being/peace?") is a Hebrew equivalent of the English "how are you?". This is the form addressed to a single male. The form for addressing a single female is ''Ma sh'lomech?'' For addressing several females, ''Ma sh'lomchen?'' For a group of males or a mixed-gender group, ''Ma sh'lomchem?''
*''[[Honorifics for the dead in Judaism|Alav hashalom]]'' ({{Hebrew|עַלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם}}; "upon him is peace") is a phrase used in some Jewish communities, especially Ashkenazi ones, after mentioning the name of a deceased respected individual.
*''Oseh shalom'' is the part of a passage commonly found as a concluding sentence in much [[Jewish prayer|Jewish liturgy]] (including the ''[[Birkat Hamazon|birkat hamazon]]'', ''[[kaddish]]'' and personal ''[[amidah]]'' prayers). The full sentence is {{Hebrew|עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו, הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵינוּ, וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן}} (''Oseh shalom bimromav, hu ya'aseh shalom aleynu, ve'al kol Yisrael ve'imru [[amen]]''), which translates to English as "He who makes peace in His heights may He make peace upon us and upon all Israel; and say, Amen."
* The word ''Shalom'' is widely used in popular Israeli songs such as "[[In Our Garden]]," "[[Ratziti Sheteda]]," and "[[Shalom Chaverim]]."
*[[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Bill Clinton]] ended his [[eulogy]] for [[Yitzhak Rabin]] with the words ''Shalom, chaver'' (Goodbye, friend).
*The word 'Lom (and occasionally Sh'lom) have been used (especially by Jewish teenagers) as the contracted forms of Shalom in street slang.
Related words in Modern Hebrew include ''l'shalem'' ({{Hebrew|לְשַׁלֵּם}}), "to pay" and ''shalem'' ({{Hebrew|שָׁלֵם}}), "complete".
==Used as a name==
===Shalom as a name for people===
''Shalom'' is also common in modern Hebrew in [[Israel]], as a [[given name]] or a [[surname]]. It is usually used by men as a given name but there are women named Shalom as well.
Notable people named Shalom include:
*[[Sholom Schwartzbard]] Poet, assassin of [[Symon Petliura]]
*[[Silvan Shalom]] ([[Israel]]i politician), and his wife [[Judy Shalom Nir-Mozes]]
*[[Sholem Aleichem]] ([[Yiddish]] author)
*[[Sholem Asch]] ([[Yiddish]] author)
*[[Shalom Auslander]] ([[United States|American]] author)
*[[Shalom Harlow]] (model and actress)
*[[Shalom Carmy]] ([[rabbi]])
*[[Shalom Shachna]] (rabbi)
*[[Yosef Shalom Eliashiv]] (rabbi)
*[[Shalom Hanoch]] (Israeli rock musician)
Related male names include [[Shlomi (Hebrew name)]] ("my well-being") and [[Solomon]] (Hebrew ''Shlomo'').
Related female names include [[Shulamit]], [[Shulamith]], [[Shlomtsion]] or [[Shlomzion]] and [[Salome]] and [[Shlomith]].
===Shalom as a name for organizations===
''Shalom'' can be part of an [[organization]]'s name.
The name of the following organizations and places refer to "peace" between [[Israel]] and its [[Arab]] neighbors:
*[[Brit Tzedek v'Shalom]]
*[[Brit Shalom]]
*[[Gush Shalom]]
*[[Hevel Shalom]]
*[[Neve Shalom]]
*[[Shalom Sesame]]
===Shalom as name for synagogues or structures===
''Shalom'' is used as part of other names, such as for [[synagogue]]s, as in:
*[[Beth Sholom Synagogue]]
*[[Shalom BC, Jewish Information and Referrals]] in [[Vancouver, Canada]]
*[[Shalom Park]] in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]] and [[Denver, Colorado]]
*[[Shalom Meir Tower]] in [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
*[[Shalom Christian Academy]] in [[Marion, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Valley Beth Shalom]] in [[Encino, California]]
===Shalom as the name for events===
* The [[1982 Lebanon War]] is known in Hebrew as ''Milhemeth Shlom Hagalil'' ([[Hebrew]]: {{hebrew|מלחמת שלום הגליל}}), which means in English, "The War for the Shalom (or Well-Being) of the Galilee".
===Other uses as/in names===
* [[SS Shalom|SS ''Shalom'']], an ocean liner operated by [[Zim Lines]], [[Israel]] 1964-1967.
==Notes==
<references/>
[[Strong's Concordance]]
==See also==
* [[Shlama]]
* [[Salaam]]
* [[Inner peace]]
[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]]
[[Category:Greeting words and phrases]]
[[Category:Parting phrases]]
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