Shigella dysenteriae
2120932
222638618
2008-06-30T11:28:04Z
Mrug
7259322
interwiki
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey <!-- Please read [[WP:Taxobox_usage#Color]] before making any changes to the taxobox color. -->
| name = ''Shigella dysenteriae''
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| classis = Gamma Proteobacteria
| ordo = [[Enterobacteriaceae|Enterobacteriales]]
| familia = [[Enterobacteriaceae]]
| genus ='' [[Shigella]]''
| species = '''''S. dysenteriae'''''
| binomial = ''Shigella dysenteriae''
| binomial_authority = (Shiga 1897)<br>Castellani & Chalmers 1919
}}
'''''Shigella dysenteriae''''' is a species of the rod-shaped [[bacteria]]l [[genus]] ''[[Shigella]]''.<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0838585299 }}</ref> Shigella can cause [[shigellosis]] (bacillary [[dysentery]]). Shigellae are [[Gram-negative]], [[Endospore|non-spore-forming]], [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic]], [[Motility|non-motile]] bacteria.<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Hale TL, Keusch GT | title = Shigella. ''In:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.chapter.1257 | id = ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
''S. dysenteriae'', spread by contaminated water and food, causes the most severe dysentery because of its potent and deadly [[Shiga toxin]], but other species may also be dysentery agents.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Herold S, Karch H, Schmidt H |title=Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion |journal=Int. J. Med. Microbiol. |volume=294 |issue=2-3 |pages=115–21 |year=2004 |pmid=15493821 |doi=}}</ref>
==Diagnosis==
A stool specimen is [[Gram_stain|Gram-stained]] to show G - ve, rods, with no particular arrangement. Enrichment is performed by growing the organisms on Selenite-F broth. Then, since the specimen is not sterile, the use of selective plates is mandatory. [[XLD agar]], [[DCA agar]], or [[HE agar]] are inoculated and colonies are colorless on all of them as the organism is non-[[lactose]] fermentor. [[TSI slant]] would show a profile of (K/A/H<sub>2</sub>S-/g-), and SIM would appear (+/-/+).
It's noteworthy that ''[[Shigella flexneri]]'' will produce acid and gas from glucose, and ''[[Shigella sonnei]]'' is [[mannitol]] and [[ornithine]] positive, and is also late lactose fermentor (ONPG positive). Some ''[[Shigella]]'' species are capable of producing indol.
==References==
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