Shrimp
52138
226002846
2008-07-16T11:55:33Z
Slrubenstein
98
/* Taxonomy */
{{Taxobox
| name = Shrimp
| image = Woda-6 ubt.jpeg
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| subphylum = [[Crustacean|Crustacea]]
| classis = [[Malacostraca]]
| ordo = [[Decapoda]]
| subordo = [[Pleocyemata]]
| infraordo = '''Caridea'''
| infraordo_authority = [[James Dwight Dana|Dana]], 1852
| subdivision_ranks = [[Superfamily|Superfamilies]]
| subdivision =
[[Alpheoidea]]<br />
[[Atyoidea]]<br />
[[Bresilioidea]]<br />
[[Campylonotoidea]]<br />
[[Crangonoidea]]<br />
[[Galatheacaridoidea]]<br />
[[Nematocarcinoidea]]<br />
[[Oplophoroidea]]<br />
[[Palaemonoidea]]<br />
[[Pandaloidea]]<br />
[[Pasiphaeoidea]]<br />
[[Procaridoidea]]<br />
[[Processoidea]]<br />
[[Psalidopodoidea]]<br />
[[Stylodactyloidea]]
}}
{{otheruses}}
True '''shrimp''' are swimming, [[Decapoda|decapod]] [[crustacean]]s classified in the [[infraorder]] '''Caridea''', found widely around the world in both [[fresh water|fresh]] and [[seawater|salt water]]. Together with [[prawn]]s, they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption.
==Taxonomy==
[[Image:9150 - Milano - Museo storia naturale - Aeger - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 22-Apr-2007.jpg|thumb|left|150px|''Aeger'', a fossil shrimp]]
A number of more or less unrelated crustaceans share the word "shrimp" in their common name. Examples are the [[mantis shrimp]] and the opossum or [[mysid shrimp]], both of which belong to the same [[class (biology)|class]] ([[Malacostraca]]) as the true shrimp, but constitute two different [[order (biology)|order]]s within it, the [[Stomatopoda]] and the [[Mysidacea]]. ''Triops longicaudatus'' and ''Triops cancriformis'' are also popular animals in freshwater [[aquarium|aquaria]], and are often called shrimp, although they belong instead to the [[Notostraca]], a quite unrelated group. About 2000 species of true shrimps are known.<ref>Walters, Martin & Johnson, Jinny. ''The World of Animals''. [[Bath, Somerset]]: [[Parragon]], [[2007]].</ref>
Shrimp are distinguished from the superficially similar [[prawn]]s by the structure of the [[gill]]s, There is, however, much confusion between the two, especially among non-specialists, and many shrimp are called "prawns" and many prawns are called "shrimp". This is particularly widespread in culinary contexts.
The easiest way to separate peneaid from caridean is by the second somite. Caridean's second somite goes over the first and the third, while peneaid's second somite goes only over the third.
==Shrimp as food==
[[Image:NCI steamed shrimp.jpg|left|150px|thumb|A steamed tail-on shrimp]]
[[Image:shrimp1.jpg|thumb|left||150px|Fried floured shrimps]]
{{Cookbook|shrimp}}
Recipes using shrimp form part of the [[cuisine]] of many cultures: examples include shrimp kebabs, shrimp creole, shrimp gumbo, pan fried, deep fried, stir fried. Strictly speaking, dishes containing [[scampi]] should be made from the [[Norway lobster]], a shrimp-like crustacean more closely related to the [[lobster]] than shrimp, but in some places it is quite common for large shrimp to be used instead.
As with other seafood, shrimp is high in [[calcium]] and [[protein]] but low in [[food energy]]. A shrimp-based meal is also a significant source of [[cholesterol]], from 122 [[milligram|mg]] to 251 mg per 100 [[gram|g]] of shrimp, depending on the method of preparation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dietaryfiberfood.com/cholesterol-shrimp.php |title=Cholesterol Content in Seafoods |accessmonthday=January 7 |accessyear=2007}}</ref>
Wet shrimp is commonly used as a flavoring and as a soup base in [[Asian cuisine]]s while fried shrimp is popular in North America. In Europe, shrimp is very popular, forming a necessary ingredient in Spanish [[paella|paella de marisco]], French [[bouillabaisse]], Italian [[cacciucco]], Portuguese [[caldeirada]] and many other seafood dishes. Shrimp [[curry]] is very popular in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Shrimp are also found in Latin and Caribbean dishes such as enchiladas and coconut shrimp.
Shrimp and other [[shellfish]] are among the most common [[food allergy|food allergens]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Common Food Allergens | url = http://www.foodallergy.org/allergens/index.html | publisher = The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network | accessdate = 2007-06-24 }}</ref>
===Distinction from prawns===
While in biological terms [[prawn]]s are of a distinct biological [[Order (biology)|suborder]] of [[Decapoda]], in commercial [[farming]] and [[fishery]] the terms shrimp and prawn are often used interchangeably. In European countries, particularly the [[United Kingdom]], the word “prawns” is more commonly on menus than the term “shrimp”, which is used more often in [[North America]]. The term “prawn” is also loosely used to describe any large shrimp, especially those that come 15 (or fewer) to the pound (also called “jumbo shrimp”). [[Australia]] and other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries follow this European/British use to an even greater extent, using the word “prawn” almost exclusively. [[Paul Hogan (actor)|Paul Hogan’s]] use of the phrase [[Shrimp on the barbie|“I'll slip an extra shrimp on the barbie for you”]] in a television advertisement was intended to make what he was saying easier for his American audience to understand, and was thus a deliberate distortion of what an Australian would typically say.
===Preparation===
Preparing shrimp for consumption usually involves removing the head, [[Animal shell|shell]], [[tail]], and "sand vein".
To deshell a shrimp, the tail is held while gently removing the shell around the body. The tail can be detached completely at this point, or left attached for presentation purposes.
Removing the "vein" (a [[euphemism]] for the [[digestive tract]]) can be referred to as "[[devein]]ing", though in fact shrimp do not have any real [[vein]]s; they have an [[Circulatory system#Open circulatory system|open circulatory system]]. The "vein" can be removed by making a shallow cut lengthwise down the outer curve of the shrimp's body, allowing the dark ribbon-like digestive tract to be removed with a pointed utensil. Alternatively, if the tail has been detached, the vein can be pinched at the tail end and pulled out completely with the fingers.
The shrimp is then rinsed under cold running water.
==Shrimp in aquaria==
[[Image:Pandborealisind.jpg|thumb|100px|left|''[[Pandalus borealis]]'']]
Several types of shrimp are kept in home [[aquaria]]. Some are purely ornamental, while others are useful in controlling algae and removing debris.<ref name=kribshrimp>{{cite web|url=http://www.thekrib.com/Fish/Shrimp/|title=Freshwater Shrimp in the Aquarium|Publisher=The Krib|accessdate=2006-07-19|author=Anderson, Joe}}</ref> Freshwater shrimp commonly available for aquaria include the [[Caridina multidentata|Japanese marsh shrimp]] (''Caridina multidentata,'' also called "Amano shrimp," as their use in aquaria was pioneered by [[Takashi Amano]]), [[cherry shrimp]] (''Neocaridina heteropoda''), and ghost or glass shrimp (''[[Palaemonetes]]'' spp.). Popular saltwater shrimp include the cleaner shrimp ''[[Lysmata amboinensis]]'', the [[fire shrimp]] (''Lysmata debelius'') and the [[harlequin shrimp]] (''Hymenocera picta'').<br><br><br>
== See also ==
* [[Crangon crangon]] -- the common brown shrimp or prawn ([[British English|B.E.]]) much consumed in Europe
* [[Shrimp farming]]
* [[Shrimp fishery]]
* [[Krill]]
* [[Dried shrimp]]
* [[Snapping shrimp]]
* [[Shrimp on the barbie]], an often-quoted phrase that originated in a series of television commercials by the Australian Tourism Commission starring Paul Hogan from 1986
* ''[[The Shrimp Girl]]'' by [[William Hogarth]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
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{{cookbook}}
{{commonscat|Caridea}}
*{{dmoz|Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Science/Living_Things/Animals/Invertebrates/Crustaceans/Shrimp/| About shrimps, for kids and teens}}
*{{dmoz|Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Arthropoda/Crustacea/Malacostraca/Decapoda/| Shrimp biology}}
*{{dmoz|Home/Cooking/Fish_and_Seafood/Shellfish/Shrimp/| Shrimp recipes}}
*[http://www.rachaelraymag.com/cooking-tips/how-to-clean-shrimp/article.html How to Clean Shrimp]
[[Category:Caridea]]
[[Category:Symbiosis]]
[[Category:Edible crustaceans]]
[[Category:Commercial crustaceans]]
[[Category:Seafood]]
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