Siberia 29639 225107299 2008-07-11T22:27:13Z 195.210.193.109 {{coor title dm|60|0|N|105|0|E}} {{two other uses|Siberia as a whole|the federal district|Siberian Federal District}} {{redirect|Siberian|the cat breed|Siberian (cat)}} [[Image:Siberia-FederalSubjects.png|thumb|right|250px|<small>Siberian Federal District in dark red; geographic Russian Siberia in light red; historical Siberia (and Siberia according to many western sources) in orange</small>]] [[Image:Vasyugan.jpg|thumb|250px|The plains of Western Siberia,[[Vasyugan River]]]] [[Image:Ru200008050084.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Tundra]] in [[Nenets]]]] '''Siberia''' ({{lang-ru|Сиби́рь}}, ''Sibir''); is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of [[North Asia|Northern Asia]] and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the [[Russian Federation]], having served in the same capacity previously for the [[U.S.S.R.]] from its beginning, and the [[Russian Empire]] beginning in the 16th century. Geographically, it includes a large part of the [[Eurasian Steppe]] and extends eastward from the [[Ural Mountains]] to the [[drainage divide|watershed]] between [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]] [[drainage basin|drainage basins]], and southward from the [[Arctic Ocean]] to the hills of north-central [[Kazakhstan]] and the national borders of both [[Mongolia]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]]<ref>[http://encycl.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00070/76500.htm?text=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian)]</ref>. It makes up about 77% of Russia's territory (13.1 million square kilometres), but only 30% of Russia's population (42.2 million people). ==Origin of the name== Some sources<ref>[http://www.siberiantigernaturals.com/healingoils.htm Healing oils from pristine Siberian wilderness]</ref> say that it originates from the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] for "sleeping land." Another version is that this name was the tribal name of the ''Sibilla'', [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] nomads later assimilated to [[Siberian Tatars]]. Dr. [[Pamela Kyle Crossley]], a professor of history at [[Dartmouth College]], asserts that the Russians named Siberia after the [[Xibe|Sibe]]/[[Xibe]]. [[Shaman]] [[Akkanat]], from the Sibirga indigenous people, one of the last shamans in Western Siberia and a leading figure in the indigenous society in Western Siberia, said that Siberia got its name from his Nation, the Sibirga people. The modern usage of the name appeared in the Russian language after the conquest of the [[Siberia Khanate]]. ==Borders and administrative division== [[Image:Udachnaya pipe.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Udachnaya pipe]]]] [[Image:Siberian Cities Map.svg|350px|thumb|right|[[Media:Siberian Cities Map.svg|Map of the most populated area of Siberia]] with clickable city names (SVG)]] [[Image:Siberian Cities Graph.svg|thumb|right|350px|[[Media:Siberian Cities Graph.svg|Comparison of the nine biggest Siberian cities growth in the 20th century]]]] The term ''Siberia'' has a very long history. Its meaning has gradually changed during ages. Historically, Siberia was defined as the whole part of Russia to the east of [[Ural Mountains]], including [[Russian Far East]]. According to this definition, ''Siberia'' extended eastward from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific coast, and southward from the Arctic Ocean to the border of Russian [[Central Asia]] and the national borders of both Mongolia (which included [[Tuva]]) and China.<ref>[http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/brokminor/article/36/36372.html?text=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона] (The [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]], in Russian)</ref> Soviet-era sources ([[Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia|GSE]] and others) <ref>[http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00070/76500.htm?text=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C Сибирь—Большая советская энциклопедия] (The [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]], in Russian)</ref> and modern Russian ones <ref>[http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/geography/article/geo/geo3/geo-4313.htm Сибирь- Словарь современных географических названий] (in Russian)</ref> usually define ''Siberia'' as a region extending eastward from the Ural Mountains to the [[drainage divide|watershed]] between [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]] [[drainage basin|drainage basins]], and southward from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central [[Kazakhstan]] and the national borders of both [[Mongolia]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. Correspondingly, Siberia includes the [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] of the [[Siberian Federal District]], some of the [[Urals Federal District]], and [[Sakha Republic|Sakha (Yakutia) Republic]], which is a part of the [[Far Eastern Federal District]]. This definition also includes geographically (not administratively) parts of several other subjects of Urals and Far Eastern federal districts. Other sources may use either somewhat wider definition that states the Pacific coast, not the watershed, is the eastern boundary (that includes the whole Russian Far East) <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067598/Siberia Siberia--Britannica online encyclopedia]</ref> or somewhat narrower one that confines ''Siberia'' to the Siberian Federal District (that excludes all subjects of other districts)<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/65/si/Siberia.html Siberia--The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.]</ref>. However, in Russian the word ''Siberia'' is never used to substitute the name of the federal district. {| class="wikitable" |+[[Federal Subjects of Russia|Federal subjects]] of Siberia (GSE) |- ! subject ! administrative center |- |colspan="2" align="center"|'''[[Urals Federal District]]''' |- |[[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] |[[Khanty-Mansiysk]] |- |[[Kurgan Oblast]] |[[Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast|Kurgan]] |- |[[Tyumen Oblast]] |[[Tyumen]] |- |[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] |[[Salekhard]] |- |colspan="2" align="center"|'''[[Siberian Federal District]]''' |- |[[Altai Krai]] |[[Barnaul]] |- |[[Altai Republic]] |[[Gorno-Altaysk]] |- |[[Buryatia|Buryat Republic]] |[[Ulan-Ude]] |- |[[Chita Oblast]] |[[Chita, Russia|Chita]] |- |[[Irkutsk Oblast]] |[[Irkutsk]] |- |[[Khakassia|Republic of Khakassia]] |[[Abakan]] |- |[[Kemerovo Oblast]] |[[Kemerovo]] |- |[[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] |[[Krasnoyarsk]] |- |[[Novosibirsk Oblast]] |[[Novosibirsk]] |- |[[Omsk Oblast]] |[[Omsk]] |- |[[Tomsk Oblast]] |[[Tomsk]] |- |[[Tuva|Tuva Republic]] |[[Kyzyl]] |- |colspan="2" align="center"| '''[[Far Eastern Federal District]]''' |- |[[Sakha Republic|Sakha (Yakutia) Republic]] |[[Yakutsk]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+[[Federal subjects of Russia|Federal subjects]] of Siberia (in wide sense) |- ! subject ! administrative center |- |colspan="2" align="center"| '''[[Far Eastern Federal District]]''' |- |[[Amur Oblast]] |[[Blagoveshchensk]] |- |[[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]] |[[Anadyr (town)|Anadyr]] |- |[[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]] |[[Birobidzhan]] |- |[[Kamchatka Krai]] |[[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] |- |[[Khabarovsk Krai]] |[[Khabarovsk]] |- |[[Magadan Oblast]] |[[Magadan]] |- |[[Primorsky Krai]] |[[Vladivostok]] |- |[[Sakhalin Oblast]] |[[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]] |- |colspan=2 align="center"|'''[[Urals Federal District]]''' |- |[[Chelyabinsk Oblast]] |[[Chelyabinsk]] |- |[[Sverdlovsk Oblast]] |[[Yekaterinburg]] |} Major cities include: *[[Barnaul]] *[[Irkutsk]] *[[Kemerovo]] *[[Krasnoyarsk]] *[[Novokuznetsk]] *[[Novosibirsk]] *[[Omsk]] *[[Tomsk]] *[[Tyumen]] See also a [http://www.demakova.net/~detail/siberia/ map of the most populated area of Siberia] with links to Wikipedia. ==History== {{main|History of Siberia}} [[Image:Refugees on flatcars.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[World War I]] [[refugee]]s on Siberian railroad, 1918]] Siberia was occupied by differing groups of nomads such as the [[Yenets]], the [[Nenets]], the [[Huns]], the [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] [[Scythians]], and the [[Turkic people|Turkic]] [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]]. The Khan of Sibir in the vicinity of modern [[Tobolsk]] was known as a prominent figure who endorsed [[Kubrat]] as '''Khagan''' in [[Eurasian Avars|Avar]]ia in 630. The area was conquered by the [[Mongols]] in the [[13th century|13th]] century and eventually became the autonomous [[Siberia Khanate]]. The growing power of [[Russia]] to the west began to undermine the Khanate in the [[16th century|16th]] century. First, groups of traders and [[Cossack]]s began to enter the area, and then the Russian army began to set up forts further and further east. Towns like [[Mangazeya]], [[Tara, Russia|Tara]], [[Yeniseysk]], and [[Tobolsk]] sprang up, the latter being declared the capital of Siberia. By the mid-17th century, the Russian-controlled areas had been extended to the [[Pacific]]. Siberia remained a mostly unexplored and uninhabited area. During the following few centuries, only a few exploratory missions and traders inhabited Siberia. The other group that was sent to Siberia consisted of prisoners exiled from western Russia or Russian-held territories like [[Poland]] (see [[katorga]]). The first great change to Siberia was the [[Trans-Siberian railway]], constructed in 1891–1916. It linked Siberia more closely to the rapidly-industrializing Russia of [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]]. Siberia is filled with natural resources and during the 20th century large scale exploitation of these was developed, and industrial towns cropped up throughout the region. ===Katorga and Gulag===<!-- This section is linked from [[Harry Houdini]] --> Russia, later the Soviet Union, operated a series of labor camps, known as [[Gulags]]. They became so common that "Siberia" came to be used as metaphor for exile and punishment: "a bureaucratic Siberia" <ref>[http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110006359 ''What Became of the CIA?'', by Gabriel Schoenfeld]. Also see [http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/s74502/fvanderson1.htm this]</ref> By analogy, one working-class district of downtown [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], earned the name ''Sibirien'' (Siberia) in the late 19th century, referring to its low-cost tenement houses being built in outlying areas. ==Geography and geology== {{physical map of Siberia|width=150|right|}} {{further|[[Geography of Russia]]}} With an area of 13.1 million km² (5.1 million [[square miles]]), Siberia makes up roughly 77% of the total area of Russia. Major geographical zones include the [[West Siberian Plain]] and the [[Central Siberian Plateau]]. Note that Siberia covers almost 10% of all land surface (148,940,000 km²) of our planet. [[Image:-04 sibirien baikalarm blau.JPG.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[Lake Baikal]]]] The West Siberian Plain consists mostly of [[Cenozoic]] alluvial deposits and is extraordinarily low-lying, so much so that a [[sea level rise]] of fifty metres in would cause all land between the Arctic Ocean and [[Novosibirsk]] to be inundated. Many of the deposits on this plain result from [[ice dam]]s; having reversed the flow of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers, so redirecting them into the [[Caspian Sea]] (perhaps the [[Aral Sea|Aral]] as well). It is very swampy and soils are mostly peaty [[Histosols]] and, in the treeless northern part, [[Histels]]. In the south of the plain, where [[permafrost]] is largely absent, rich grasslands that are an extension of the [[Kazakh Steppe]] formed the original vegetation (almost all cleared now). [[Image:GobiDessertReliefMap.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Russia shares a border with China and Mongolia in southern Siberia.]] [[Image:Berg Belucha.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mount Belukha in [[Altai Mountains]]]] The Central Siberian Plateau is an extremely ancient [[craton]] (sometimes called '''Angaraland''') that formed an independent [[continent]] before the [[Permian]] (see [[Siberia (continent)]]). It is exceptionally rich in minerals, containing large deposits of [[gold]], [[diamond]]s, and ores of [[manganese]], [[lead]], [[zinc]], [[nickel]], [[cobalt]] and [[molybdenum]]. Much of the area includes the [[Siberian Traps]] which is a [[large igneous province]]. The massive eruptive period was approximately coincident with the [[Permian-Triassic extinction event]]. The volcanic event is said to be the largest known [[volcanic eruption]] in [[Earth]] history. Only the extreme northwest was glaciated during the [[Quaternary]], but almost all is under exceptionally deep [[permafrost]] and the only [[tree]] that can thrive, despite the warm summers, is the deciduous [[Siberian Larch]] (''Larix sibirica'') with its very shallow roots. Outside the extreme northwest, the [[taiga]] is dominant. Soils here are mainly [[Gelisols|Turbels]], giving way to [[Spodosols]] where the active layer becomes thicker and the ice content lower. Eastern and central Sakha comprise numerous north-south mountain ranges of various ages. These mountains extend up to almost three thousand metres in elevation, but above a few hundred metres they are almost completely devoid of vegetation. The [[Verkhoyansk Range]] was extensively glaciated in the Pleistocene, but the climate was too dry for glaciation to extend to low elevations. At these low elevations are numerous valleys, many of them deep, and covered with larch forest except in the extreme north, where [[tundra]] dominates. Soils are mainly Turbels and the active layer tends to be less than a meter deep except near rivers. The highest point in Siberia is the active.[[volcano]] [[Klyuchevskaya Sopka]], in the [[Kamchatka]] peninsula. ===Climate=== The climate of Siberia varies dramatically. On the north coast, north of the [[Arctic Circle]], there is just a very short (about one-month-long) summer. <center> {| style="width: 800px;" |[[Image:Russia vegetation.png]] |- | {{legend0|#c0c0c0|polar desert}} {{legend0|#9fd6c9|tundra}} {{legend0|#a7bddb|alpine tundra}} {{legend0|#006d64|taiga}} {{legend0|#3c9798|montane forest}} <br/> {{legend0|#a4e05d|temperate broadleaf forest}} {{legend0|#f7ec6f|temperate steppe}} {{legend0|#9b8447|dry steppe}} |- |[[Biome|Vegetation]] in Siberia is mostly [[taiga]], with a [[tundra]] belt on the northern fringe, and a [[Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests|temperate forest]] one in the south. |} </center> Almost all the population lives in the south, along the [[Trans-Siberian Railway|Trans-Siberian railroad]]. The climate here is [[Köppen climate classification#GROUP D: Continental/microthermal climate|continental subarctic]] (Koppen ''Dfc'' or ''Dwc''), with the annual average temperature about 0 °C (32 °F) and roughly &minus;15 °C (5 °F) average in January and +20 °C (68 °F) in July.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=043692&refer= Historical Weather for Novosibirsk, Russia]. weatherbase.com Last accesed November 6, 2006.</ref> With a reliable growing season, an abundance of sunshine and exceedingly fertile [[chernozem]] soils, Southern Siberia is good enough for profitable agriculture, as was proven in the early twentieth century. The southwesterly winds of Southern Siberia bring warm air from Central Asia and the Middle East. The climate in West Siberia (Omsk, Novosibirsk) is several degrees warmer than in the East (Irkutsk, Chita). With a lowest record temperature of -71.2 °C (-96.1 °F), [[Oymyakon]] ([[Sakha Republic]]) has the distinction of being the coldest town on [[Earth]]. But summer temperatures in other regions reach +36...+38 °C (97-100°F). In general, Sakha is the coldest Siberian region, and the basin of the [[Yana River]] has the lowest temperatures of all, with permafrost reaching 1,493 metres (4,900 ft). Nevertheless, as far as Imperial Russia plans of settlement are concerned, the cold was never viewed as an issue. In the winter, Southern Siberia sits near the center of the semi-permanent [[Siberian High]], so winds are usually light in the winter. [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] in Siberia is generally low, exceeding 500 mm (20 inches) only in [[Kamchatka]] where moist winds flow from the [[Sea of Okhotsk]] onto high mountains — producing the region's only major [[glacier]]s — and in most of [[Primorye]] in the extreme south where monsoonal influences can produce quite heavy summer rainfall. Despite the region's notorious cold, snowfall is generally extremely light, especially in the east of the region. ===Lakes and rivers=== <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> *[[Anabar River]] *[[Angara River]] *[[Indigirka River]] *[[Irtysh River]] *[[Kolyma River]] *[[Lake Baikal]] *[[Lena River]] *[[Novosibirsk Reservoir]] *[[Ob River]] *[[Popigay River]] *[[Tunguska River]] *[[Upper Angara River]] *[[Uvs Nuur]] *[[Yana River]] *[[Yenisei River]] </div> ===Impact craters=== [[Image:Popigai crater russia.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Popigai crater]]]] *[[Popigai crater]] ===Mountain ranges=== <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> *[[Altay Mountains]] *[[Anadyr Range]] *[[Baikal Mountains]] *[[Chamar-Daban]] *[[Chersky Range]] *[[Dzhugdzhur Mountains]] *[[Gydan Mountains]] *[[Koryak Mountains]] *[[Sayan Mountains]] *[[Tannu-Ola Mountains]] *[[Ural Mountains]] *[[Verkhoyansk Mountains]] *[[Yablonoi Mountains]] </div> ===Grasslands=== [[Image:Siberian plain.jpg|275px|right|thumb|The Siberian plain seen from the [[Trans-Siberian railway]] outside [[Tatarskaya]].]] *[[Ukok Plateau]] — part of a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pacificenvironment.org/article.php?list=type&type=83 |title=Altai: Saving the Pearl of Siberia |publisher= |accessdate=2006-11-30 }}</ref> ==Economy== Siberia is extraordinarily rich in minerals, containing ores of almost all economically valuable [[metal]]s—largely because of the absence of Quaternary glaciation outside highland areas. It has some of the world's largest deposits of [[nickel]], [[gold]], [[lead]], [[coal]], [[molybdenum]], [[diamond]]s, [[silver]] and [[zinc]], as well as extensive unexploited resources of [[oil]] and [[natural gas]]. Most of these are in the cold and remote eastern part of the region, with the result that extraction has proven difficult and began on a large scale only after [[Stalin]] came to power and developed labor camps to deal with the difficulty of attracting labour to such unpleasant climates. Agriculture is severely restricted by the short growing season of most of the region. However, in the southwest where soils are exceedingly fertile black earths and the climate is a little more moderate, there is extensive cropping of [[wheat]], [[barley]], [[rye]] and [[potato]]es, along with the grazing of large numbers of [[sheep]] and [[cattle]]. Elsewhere food production, owing to the poor fertility of the [[podzol]]ic soils and the extremely short growing seasons, is restricted to the herding of [[reindeer]] in the tundra — which has been practised by natives for over ten thousand years. Siberia has the world's largest [[forest]]s. Timber remains an important source of revenue despite the fact that many forests in the east have been logged much more rapidly than they are able to recover. The [[Sea of Okhotsk]] is one of the two or three richest fisheries in the world owing to its cold currents and extremely large [[tide|tidal ranges]], and thus Siberia produces over 10 percent of the world's annual fish catch, though fishing has declined somewhat since the collapse of the USSR. Industry, developed during the interwar period (1920s and 1930s) and increased vastly during [[World War II]], has declined greatly since the collapse of the USSR. At one point there were huge factories in Western Siberia and many even around [[Lake Baikal]] but these have largely ceased operation since the USSR collapsed. ==Demographics== {{main|Demographics of Siberia}} Siberia has population density of about three people per square kilometer. Most Siberians are [[Russians]] and Russified [[Ukrainians in Russia|Ukrainians]]. Ethnic Russians are descended from [[Slavs]] who lived in [[Eastern Europe]] several hundred years ago. There are approximately 400,000 ethnic [[Volga Germans|Germans]] living in Siberia.<ref>[http://www.everyculture.com/Russia-Eurasia-China/Siberian-Germans-Orientation.html Siberian Germans]</ref> Such [[Mongol]] and [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] groups as [[Buryats]], [[Tuvinians]], [[Yakuts]], and [[Siberian Tatars]] lived in Siberia originally, and descendants of these peoples still live there. Other [[ethnic group]]s include [[Ket people|Kets]], [[Evenks]], [[Chukchis]], [[Koryaks]], and [[Yukaghirs]]. See the [[Northern indigenous peoples of Russia]] article for more. About 70% of Siberia's people live in cities. Most city people live in apartments. Many people in rural areas live in simple, but more spacious, log houses. [[Novosibirsk]] is the largest city in Siberia, with a population of about 1.5 million. [[Tobolsk]], [[Tomsk]], [[Krasnoyarsk]], [[Irkutsk]] and [[Omsk]] are the older, historical centers. ==Religion== {{main|Shamanistic cultures in Siberia}} There are a variety of beliefs throughout Siberia including [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Tibetan Buddhism]], and denominations of Christianity.<ref>[http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/religion.htm Russian Embassy website — ''Religion in Russia'']</ref> An estimated 70,000 [[History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union|Jews]] live in Siberia.<ref>[http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=136974 Planting Jewish roots in Siberia]</ref> The predominant group is the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. However, native religion dates back hundreds of years. The vast terrority of Siberia has many different local traditions of gods. These include: [[Ak Ana]], [[Anapel]], [[Bugady Musun]], [[Kara Khan]], [[Khaltesh-Anki]], [[Kini'je]], [[Ku'urkil]], [[Nga (god)|Nga]], [[Nu'tenut]], [[Numi-Torem]], [[Numi-Turum]], [[Yukaghir|Pon]], [[Pugu]], [[Todote]], [[Toko'yoto]], [[Tomam]], [[Xaya Iccita]], [[Zonget]]. Places with sacred areas include [[Olkhon]], an island in [[Lake Baikal]]. ==Transport== The best way to tour Siberia is through the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]]. The Trans-Siberian Railway operates from Moscow in the West to [[Vladivostok]] in the East. The train has 2nd class 4-berth compartments, 1st class 2-berth compartments, and a restaurant car. ==See also== *[[Education in Siberia]] *[[Russian conquest of Siberia]] *[[Siberian nationalism]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons|Сибирь|Siberia}} *{{wikitravel}} *[http://dsgnspot.com/2008/03/26/the-green-tower-siberia/ The Green Tower, Siberia] {{Regions of the world}} [[Category:Geography of Russia]] [[Category:Eurasian steppe]] [[Category:Asia]] [[Category:Siberia| ]] [[Category:Kara Sea]] [[Category:Laptev Sea]] [[ar:سيبيريا]] [[frp:Sibèrie]] [[ast:Siberia]] [[ba:Себер]] [[be:Сібір]] [[be-x-old:Сыбір]] [[bs:Sibir]] [[br:Siberia]] [[bg:Сибир]] [[ca:Sibèria]] [[cv:Çĕпĕр]] [[cs:Sibiř]] [[cy:Siberia]] [[da:Sibirien]] [[de:Sibirien]] [[et:Siber]] [[el:Σιβηρία]] [[es:Siberia]] [[eo:Siberio]] [[eu:Siberia]] [[fa:سیبری]] [[fo:Siberia]] [[fr:Sibérie]] [[fy:Sibearje]] [[gl:Siberia - Сибирь]] [[ko:시베리아]] [[hr:Sibir]] [[io:Siberia]] [[id:Siberia]] [[os:Сыбыр]] [[is:Síbería]] [[it:Siberia]] [[he:סיביר]] [[sw:Siberia]] [[ku:Sîbîrya]] [[la:Siberia]] [[lv:Sibīrija]] [[lt:Sibiras]] [[hu:Szibéria]] [[mk:Сибир]] [[mr:सायबेरिया]] [[ms:Siberia]] [[nl:Siberië]] [[nds-nl:Siberie]] [[ja:シベリア]] [[no:Sibir]] [[nn:Sibir]] [[oc:Siberia]] [[nds:Sibirien]] [[pl:Syberia]] [[pt:Sibéria]] [[ro:Siberia]] [[ru:Сибирь]] [[sah:Сибиир]] [[scn:Sibberia]] [[simple:Siberia]] [[sk:Sibír]] [[sl:Sibirija]] [[sr:Сибир]] [[sh:Sibir]] [[fi:Siperia]] [[sv:Sibirien]] [[tl:Siberia]] [[th:ไซบีเรีย]] [[vi:Siberi]] [[tr:Sibirya]] [[uk:Сибір]] [[wa:Sibereye]] [[bat-smg:Sėbėrs]] [[zh:西伯利亚]]