Sichuan
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225968157
2008-07-16T06:51:20Z
Rdobum
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{{otheruses4|the Chinese province|the style of cooking|Szechuan cuisine}}
{{coor title dm|30|0|N|103|0|E|region:CN_type:adm1st}}
{{Infobox PRC province
|ChineseName = 四川省
|Pinyin = Sìchuān Shěng
|EnglishName = Sichuan Province
|Name = Szechuan
|Abbreviation = 川/蜀
|AbbrevPinyin = Chuān or Shǔ
|ISOAbbrev = 51
|Map = China Sichuan.svg
|MapSize = 275px
|OriginOfName = Short for 川峡四路 chuānxiá sìlù <br/>literally "The Four [[Circuit (country subdivision)|Circuit]]s<br/>of the Rivers and Gorges",<br/>referring to the four circuits during the [[Song Dynasty]].
|AdministrationType = [[Province of China|Province]]
|Capital = [[Chengdu]]
|LargestCity = [[Chengdu]]
|Secretary = [[Liu Qibao]]
|Governor = [[Jiang Jufeng]]
|Area_km2 = 485000
|AreaRank = 5th
|PopYear = 2004
|Pop = 87,250,000
|PopRank = 3rd
|PopDensity_km2 = 180
|PopDensityRank = 22nd
|GDPYear = 2006
|GDP = 863.8 billion
|GDPRank = 9th
|GDPperCapita = 10,574
|GDPperCapitaRank = 25th
|HDIYear = 2005
|HDI = 0.728
|HDIRank = 25th
|HDICat = <font color="#ffcc00">medium</font>
|Nationalities = [[Han Chinese|Han]] - 95% <br /> [[Yi people|Yi]] - 2.6% <br /> [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] - 1.5% <br /> [[Qiang]] - 0.4%
|Prefectures = 21
|Counties = 181
|Townships = 5011
|Website = http://www.sichuan.gov.cn/ <br/>([[Simplified Chinese]])
}}
'''{{Audio|zh-Sichuan.ogg|Sichuan}}''' ({{zh-cp|c=[[wikt:四川|四川]]|p=Sìchuān}}; [[Chinese Postal Map Romanization|Postal map spelling]]: ''Szechwan'' and ''Szechuan'') is a [[Province (China)|province]] in western [[China proper|China]] with its capital at [[Chengdu]]. The current name of the province, 四川 (Sìchuān), is an abbreviation of 四川路 (Sì Chuānlù), or "Four [[circuit (country subdivision)#Circuits in East Asia|circuits]] of rivers", which is itself abbreviated from 川峡四路 (Chuānxiá Sìlù), or "Four circuits of rivers and gorges", named after the division of the existing circuit into four during the [[Song Dynasty|Northern Song Dynasty]].<ref>{{zh}} [http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html Origin of the Names of China's Provinces], [[People's Daily Online]].</ref>
== History ==
The province and its vicinity were the cradle of unique local civilizations, which can be dated back to at least the [[15th century BC|fifteenth century BC]] (coinciding with the later years of [[Shang Dynasty]]). Beginning from the [[9th century BC|ninth century BC]], [[Shu (state)|Shu]] (today [[Chengdu]]) and [[Ba (state)|Ba]] (today [[Chongqing City]]) emerged as cultural and administrative centers where two rival kingdoms were established.
Shu's existence was unknown until an archaeological discovery in 1986 at a small village named [[Sanxingdui]] (三星堆 Sān Xīng Duī) in Guanghan [[County]]. It is believed to be an ancient city of the Shu Kingdom, where excavations have yielded invaluable archaeological information.
Although the [[Qin Dynasty]] destroyed the civilizations of Shu and Ba, their cultures were preserved and inherited by people in Sichuan until today. {{Fact|date=May 2008}} The Qin government accelerated the technological and agricultural advancements of Sichuan making it comparable to that of the [[Huang He]] (Yellow River) Valley. The [[Dujiangyan Irrigation System]], built in the 3rd century BC under the inspection of [[Li Bing]], was the symbol of modernization of that period. Composed of a series of [[dam]]s, it redirected the flow of the [[Minjiang River (Sichuan)|Min Jiang]], a major [[tributary]] of the [[Yangtze River]], to fields, relieving the damage of seasonal floods. The construction and various other projects greatly increased the harvest of the area which thus became the main source of provisions and men for Qin's unification of China.
Various ores were abundant. Adding to its significance, the area was also on the trade route from the Huang He Valley to foreign countries of the southwest, especially [[India]].
The area's military importance matches its commercial and agricultural significance. As a basin surrounded by the [[Himalayas]] to the west, the [[Qinling]] Range to the north, and mountainous areas of [[Yunnan]] to the south, Sichuan is prone to fog. Since the Yangtze flows through the basin and is thus upstream of eastern China, navies could be easily sailed downstream. Therefore Sichuan was the base for numerous amphibious military forces and also served as the refuge of Chinese governments throughout history. A few independent regimes were founded; the most famous was [[Kingdom of Shu|Shu Han]] of the [[Three Kingdoms]]. The [[Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] first conquered Shu Han on its path of unification. During the [[Tang Dynasty]], it was a battlefront against [[Tibet]].
The [[Song Dynasty (960-1279)|Southern Song Dynasty]] established coordinated defenses against the Mongolian [[Yuan Dynasty]] in Sichuan and [[Xiangyang]]. The line of defense was finally broken through after the first use of [[firearm]]s in history during the six-year [[Battle of Xiangyang|siege of Xiangyang]], which ended in 1273. In the 20th century, the foggy climate hindered the accuracy of [[Japan]]ese bombing of the basin and the city of [[Chongqing]], where the capital of the [[Republic of China]] had been relocated during [[World War II]].
[[Image:Leshan Buddha Statue View.JPG|thumb|right|200px|The [[Leshan Giant Buddha]] of [[Mount Emei]], built during the latter half of the [[Tang Dynasty]] (618–907).]]
During the [[Ming Dynasty]] major architectural works were created in Sichuan. [[Bao'en Temple]] is a well-preserved fifteenth century monastery complex built between 1440 and 1446 during [[Emperor Yingzong]]'s reign (1427-64) in the [[Ming Dynasty]] (1368-1644). Dabei Hall enshrines a thousand-armed wooden image of [[Guanyin]] and Huayan Hall is a repository with a revolving [[sutra]] cabinet. The wall paintings, sculptures and other ornamental details are masterpieces of the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming period]].<ref name="pan">{{cite book
|first=Pan
|last= Guxi
|year= 2002
|title=Chinese Architecture -- The Yuan and Ming Dynasties
|edition= English Ed.
|publisher=Yale University Press
|location=
|pages= pp 245–246
|id= ISBN 0-300-09559-7 }}</ref>
A [[landslide dam]] on the [[Dadu River]] caused by an earthquake gave way on [[10 June]] [[1786]]. The resulting flood killed 100,000 people.<ref>Schuster, R.L. and G. F. Wieczorek, "Landslide triggers and types" in ''Landslides: Proceedings of the First European Conference on Landslides'' 2002 A.A. Balkema Publishers. p.66 [http://books.google.com/books?id=psFSK_nUqqMC&pg=RA1-PA66&lpg=RA1-PA66&dq=10+June+1786+dadu&source=web&ots=baUnVQRMZA&sig=q7ExeDUuAmFl0JdFjZY0r-LthDc&hl=en]</ref>
Sichuan's borders have remained relatively constant for the past 500 years. This changed in 1997 when the city of Chongqing as well as the surrounding towns of [[Fuling]] and [[Wanxian]] were formed into the new [[Chongqing Municipality]]. The new municipality was formed to spearhead China's effort to develop its western regions as well as to coordinate the resettlement of residents from the reservoir areas of the [[Three Gorges Dam]] project.
On Monday, [[May 12]], [[2008]] at 2:28:01 PM local time, [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|an earthquake]] with a magnitude of 7.9/8.0 hit just 90km northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu. As of [[May 14]], the official Xinhua news agency reported: 14,463 people were dead, another 14,051 were missing, 25,788 were buried in the debris and 64,746 had been injured,<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSPEK23117420080512 Strong earthquake hits southwest China]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7395496.stm Powerful earthquake shakes China]</ref><ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24573168/ Nearly 9,000 Dead in Quake]</ref><ref>[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2008ryan.php USGS Earthquake Details]</ref>
<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7400252.stm China quake toll close to 15,000]</ref> On [[May 31]], the death toll was updated to 68,467 in Sichuan with a further ~17,000 people missing, and 354,045 injured<ref name="data"> {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7410166.stm|date=2008-05-20|accessdate=2008-05-20|title=China earthquake toll tops 40,000|publisher=[[bbc.co.uk]]|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/pc/2008-05-13/326/651.html|date=2008-05-31|accessdate=2008-05-31|title=Casualties of the Wenchuan Earthquake|publisher=[[Sina|Sina.com]]|language=Chinese}}</ref>.
== Subdivisions ==
{{main|List of administrative divisions of Sichuan}}
Sichuan consists of eighteen [[Prefecture-level city|prefecture-level cities]] and three [[autonomous prefecture]]s:
The eighteen prefecture-level cities:
*[[Bazhong]] (巴中 |''Bāzhōng Shì'')
*[[Chengdu]] (成都 |''Chéngdū Shì'') (Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province)
*[[Dazhou]] (达州 |''Dázhōu Shì'')
*[[Deyang]] (德阳 |''Déyáng Shì'')
*[[Guang'an]] (广安 |''Guǎng'ān Shì'')
*[[Guangyuan]] (广元 |''Gǔangyúan Shì'')
*[[Leshan]] (乐山 |''Lèshān Shì'')
*[[Luzhou]] (泸州 |''Lúzhōu Shì'')
*[[Meishan]] (眉山 |''Méishān Shì'')
*[[Mianyang]] (绵阳 |''Miányáng Shì'')
*[[Nanchong]] (南充 |''Nánchōng Shì'')
*[[Neijiang]] (内江 |''Nèijiāng Shì'')
*[[Panzhihua]] (攀枝花 |''Pānzhīhūa Shì'')
*[[Suining]] (遂宁 |''Sùiníng Shì'')
*[[Ya'an]] (雅安 |''Yǎ'ān Shì'')
*[[Yibin]] (宜宾 |''Yíbīn Shì'')
*[[Zigong]] (自贡 |''Zìgòng Shì'')
*[[Ziyang]] (资阳 |''Zīyáng Shì'')
The three autonomous prefectures:
*[[Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture]] (阿坝藏族羌族自治州 |''Ābà Zàngzú Qiāngzú Zìzhìzhōu'')
*[[Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]] (甘孜藏族自治州 |''Gānzī Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu'')
*[[Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture]] (凉山彝族自治州 |''Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu'')
== Geography ==
The area lies in the [[Sichuan basin]] and is surrounded by the [[Himalayas]] (喜玛拉雅山脉)to the west, [[Qinling]] (秦岭) range to the north, and mountainous areas of [[Yunnan]] to the south. The [[Yangtze River]] flows through the basin and thus is upstream to areas of eastern China. The [[Minjiang River (Sichuan)|Minjiang River]] in central Sichuan is a tributary of the upper Yangtze River, which it joins at Yibin. Plate tectonics formed the [[Longmen Shan fault]], proceeding under the north-easterly mountain location of the [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|2008 earthquake]]
The climate is highly variable. The [[Sichuan Basin]] (including [[Chengdu]]) in eastern half of the province experiences a subtropical [[monsoon]] climate with long, warm to hot, humid summers and short, cool to cold, dry and cloudy winters, with China's lowest sunshine totals. The western areas have a mountainous climate characterized by very cold winters and mild summers, with plentiful sunshine. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua, has a sunny, subtropical climate with very mild winters and hot summers.
Bordering provinces: [[Chongqing|Chongqing Municipality]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], [[Qinghai]], [[Gansu]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Guizhou]] and [[Yunnan]].
==Politics==
{{main|Politics of Sichuan}}
The politics of Sichuan is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in [[mainland China]].
The [[Governor of Sichuan]] is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Sichuan. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Sichuan [[Communist Party of China]] Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Sichuan [[CPC Party Chief]]".
== Economy ==
[[Image:CHUNXILU.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The capital of Sichuan, [[Chengdu]].]]
Sichuan has been historically known as the "Province of Abundance". It is one of the major agricultural production bases of China. Grain, including rice and wheat, is the major product with output that ranked first in China in 1999. Commercial crops include citrus fruits, sugar canes, sweet potatoes, peaches and grapeseeds. Sichuan also had the largest output of pork among all the provinces and the second largest output of silkworm cocoons in China in 1999. Sichuan is rich in mineral resources. It has more than 132 kinds of proven underground mineral resources of which reserves of 11 kinds including vanadium, titanium, and lithium are the largest in China. The [[Panxi]] region alone possesses 13.3% of the reserves of iron, 93% of titanium, 69% of vanadium, 83% of cobalt of the whole country. <ref>[http://www.tdctrade.com/mktprof/china/mpsic.htm SICHUAN PROVINCE (hktdc.com)]</ref>
Sichuan is one of the major industrial bases of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel industry, the province has established a light manufacturing sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. [[Chengdu]] and [[Mianyang]] are the production bases for textiles and electronics products. [[Deyang]], [[Panzhihua]], and [[Yibin]] are the production bases for machinery, metallurgy industries, and wine respectively. The wine production of Sichuan accounted for 21.9% of the country’s total production in 2000. Great strides have been achieved in accelerating the development of Sichuan into a modern hi-tech industrial base by encouraging both domestic and foreign investments in electronics and information technology (such as software), machinery and metallurgy (including automobiles), hydropower, pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. The auto industry is important and a key sector of the machinery industry in Sichuan. Most of the auto manufacturing companies are located in Chengdu, Mianyang, [[Nanchong]], and [[Luzhou]]<ref>[http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr111906e.html International Market Research - AUTO PARTS INDUSTRY IN SICHUAN AND CHONGQING]</ref> . Other important industries in Sichuan include [[aerospace]] and defense (military) industries. A number of China's rockets ([[Long March rocket]]s) and [[satellite]]s has been launched from the [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center]], located in the city of [[Xichang]]. Sichuan's beautiful landscapes and rich historical relics have also made the province into a major center for tourism.
The [[Three Gorges Dam]], the largest [[dam]] ever constructed, is being built on the [[Yangtze River]] in nearby [[Hubei]] province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring [[Yunnan]] province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as a Chinese effort to shift towards alternate energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases but others have criticised it for its potential harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damage.
Sichuan's nominal GDP for 2006 was 863.8 billion yuan (US$111.6 billion), equivalent to 10,574 RMB (US$1370) per capita. In 2006, the per capita net income of rural residents reached 3,013 yuan (US$350), up 7.5% year-on-year. The per capita [[disposable income]] of the urbanites averaged 9,350 yuan (US$1,048), up 11.5% year-on-year.<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-02/02/content_4128534.htm Xinhua - English]</ref> In 2007 its GDP stood at 1.05 trillion yuan (US$150 billion) accounting 4.3% of the national figure. <ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/29/content_8277443.htm</ref>
=== Foreign trade ===
According to Sichuan Department of Commerce the provinces total foreign trade reached US$11.53 billion in the first 10 months of 2007, which is a year on year increase of 29.4 percent. Exports reached US$6.87 billion, with a year on year increase of 29.7 percent, while imports were at US$4.66 billion with a year on year increase of 28.9 percent. These achievements were accomplished due to the significant change in China's foreign trade policy, acceleration of yuan appreciation, increase of trade incentives and increasing production cost. The 18 cities and counties witnessed a steady rate of increase. Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, Liangshan all saw an increase of more than 40 percent while Leshan, Neijiang, Luzhou, Meishan, Ziyang, Yibin saw an increase of more than 20 percent. Foreign trade in Zigong, Panzhihua, Guang'an, Bazhong and Ganzi remained constant.
=== Minimum wage ===
Sichuan government raised the minimum wage in the province by 12.5 percent at the end of December 2007. The monthly minimum wage will go up from 400 to 450 yuan, with a minimum of 4.9 yuan per hour for part-time work, effective Dec. 26 2007. The government also reduced the four-tier minimum wage structure to just three tiers. The top tier mandates a minimum of 650 yuan per month, or 7.1 yuan per hour. National law allows each province to set minimum wages independently, as long as it's at least 450 yuan per month.
==Transportation==
===Expressways===
On [[November 3]], [[2007]], Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the [[Sui-Yu Expressway]] has been completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 kilometer long Expressway would have connected [[Cheng-Nan Expressway]] and form the shortest expressway from [[Chengdu]] to [[Chongqing]]. The new express is 50 kilometers shorter than the pre-existing road between Chengdu and Chongqing, it has cut the journey time between the two cities down by an hour, to two and a half hours. The Sui-Yu Expressway is a four lane overpass with a speed limit of 80 kilometers. The total investment was 1.045 billion [[Yuan]].
== Demographics ==
[[Image:Tibetans Aba Sichuan China.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Tibetans as a main ethnic minority group in Sichuan.]]
The majority of population is [[Han Chinese]], who are found scattered throughout the province. Significant minorities of [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]], [[Yi people|Yi]], [[Qiang]] and [[Naxi]] reside in the western portion. Sichuan was China's most populous province before [[Chongqing]] was carved out of it, making [[Henan]] the current most populous. However, when including migrants, [[Guangdong]] has a higher population than Henan.
It was the 3rd most populous sub-national entity in the world, after the [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] and the [[Russian SFSR]] until 1991 when the [[Soviet Union]] was dissolved, as well as only 1 of 4 (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, [[Maharashtra]], and Sichuan) to ever reach 100 million people. It is [[List of country subdivisions by population|currently 6th]].
==Culture==
{{see also|Szechuan cuisine|Music of Sichuan}}
The [[Li Bai]] Memorial, located at his birthplace, [[Zhongba Town]] of northern [[Jiangyou County]] in Sichuan Province, is a museum in memory of Li Bai, a Chinese poet in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). It was prepared in 1962 on the occasion of 1,200th anniversary of his death, completed in 1981 and opened to the public in October 1982. The memorial is built in the style of the classic garden of the Tang Dynasty.
===Languages===
Most dialects of the [[Chinese language]] spoken in Sichuan, including the [[Chengdu dialect]] of the provincial capital, belong to the [[southwestern Mandarin|southwestern]] subdivision of the [[Mandarin (linguistics)|Mandarin]] group, and are therefore very similar to the dialects of neighbouring [[Yunnan]] and [[Guizhou]] provinces as well as [[Chongqing Municipality]]. Typical features shared by many southwestern Mandarin dialects include the merger of the [[retroflex consonant]]s {{IPA|/tʂ tʂʰ ʂ/}} into the [[alveolar consonant]]s {{IPA|/ts tsʰ s/}}, the merger of {{IPA|/n/}} and {{IPA|/l/}}, as well as the merger of {{IPA|/ɤŋ iɤŋ/}} into {{IPA|/ən in/}}.
The prefectures of [[Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Garzê]] and [[Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture|Ngawa]] (Aba) in western Sichuan are populated predominantly by ethnic [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]]s, who speak the [[Kham dialect|Kham]] and [[Amdo dialect|Amdo]] dialects of [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]]. The [[Qiang]] and other related ethnicities speak the [[Qiangic languages]], which are part of the [[Tibeto-Burman languages]]. The [[Yi people|Yi]] of [[Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture|Liangshan]] prefecture in southern Sichuan speak the [[Yi language]], which is more closely related to [[Burmese language|Burmese]]; Yi is written using the [[Yi script]], a [[syllabary]] standardized in 1974.
==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
*[[Chengdu Istitute of Technology]]
*[[Sichuan University]] (Chengdu)
*[[Southwestern University of Finance and Economics]] (Chengdu)
*[[Southwest Jiaotong University]] (Chengdu)
*[[University of Electronic Science and Technology of China]] (Chengdu)
*[[Southwest University of Science and Technology]] (Mianyang)
*[[Sichuan Normal University]] (Chengdu)
*[[Sichuan Union University]]
*[[West China University of Medical Sciences]]
*[[Southwest University of Finance & Economics]]
*[[Sichuan Agricultural University]]
*[[Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine]]
*[[Sichuan Institute of Technology]]
*[[South West Institute of technology]]
*[[Chengdu Institute of Information Technology]]
*[[Mianyang Economy & Technology College]]
*[[Neijiang Teacher University]]
===Collapse of schools during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake===
:''See also: [[Allegations of corruption in the construction of Chinese schools]], [[2008_Sichuan_earthquake#Collapse_of_schools|Collapse of schools in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake]]''
During the [[2008 Sichuan earthquake]], a disproportionate high number of school structures collapsed, especially in rural areas of Sichuan, leading to [[Allegations of corruption in the construction of Chinese schools|allegations of corruption]] and promises by the government for an Inquiry. It, however, remains unclear whether the alleged shoddy construction was something unique to Sichuan, as opposed to a nation-wide practice which became visible in Sichuan due to the earthquake.
== Tourism ==
[[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s
* [[Dazu Rock Carvings]], listed as property of the [[Chongqing]] municipality
* [[Huanglong]] Scenic and Historic Interest Area
* [[Jiuzhaigou Valley]] Scenic and Historic Interest Area
* [[Mount Emei]] Scenic Area, including [[Leshan Giant Buddha]] Scenic Area
* [[Mount Qincheng]] and the [[Dujiangyan Irrigation System]]
* [[Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries]]
== Sports ==
Professional sports teams in Sichuan include:
* [[Chinese Basketball Association]]
** None
* [[Chinese Football Association Super League]]
** [[Chengdu Blades]]
* [[Chinese Volleyball League]]
** [[Sichuan Volleyball Team]]
* [[China Table Tennis Super League]]
** [[Sichuan Quan-Xing Table-Tennis Team]]
==Twin states==
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington (state)]], [[USA]] (1982)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michigan]], [[USA]] (1982)
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hiroshima Prefecture]], [[Japan]] (1984)
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Yamanashi Prefecture]], [[Japan]] (1985)
*{{flagicon|North Korea}} [[South P'yŏngan]], [[North Korea]] (1985)
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Midi-Pyrénées]], [[France]] (1987)
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]] (1988)
*{{flagicon|England}} [[Leicestershire]], [[England]] (1988)
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piedmont]], [[Italy]] (1990)
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Pernambuco]], [[Brazil]] (1992)
*{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Tolna (county)|Tolna County]], [[Hungary]] (1993)
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Valencian Community]], [[Spain]] (1994)
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Brussels-Capital Region]], [[Belgium]] (1995)
*{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Barinas State]], [[Venezuela]] (2001)
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Friesland]], [[Netherlands]] (2001)
*{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Almaty Province]], [[Kazakhstan]] (2001)
*{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Mpumalanga]], [[South Africa]] (2002)
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Jeollanam-do]], [[South Korea]] (2004)
==See also==
*[[2008 Sichuan Earthquake]]
*[[Eight Immortals from Sichuan]]
*''[[The Good Person of Sezuan]]''
*[[List of laojiaos in Sichuan]]
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons|Sichuan}}
*[http://www.sc.gov.cn/ Sichuan Government website]
*[http://bbs.spicycity.cn/ Sichuan Information Portal]
*{{wikitravel}}
*[http://www.china-quake.com/ Reports on China Sichuan earthquake 12/05/2008]
{{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Sichuan}}
[[Category:Sichuan| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the People's Republic of China]]
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