Singapore Changi Airport 147433 226177714 2008-07-17T04:44:37Z 59.180.135.39 Indian Airlines has been merged into Air India. As per AI website, there is no mention of Jakarta {{redirect|Changi Airport|Changi Air Base (West) & RAF Changi|Changi Air Base}} {{Infobox Airport |name= Singapore Changi Airport |image= Singapore Changi Airport, Control Tower 2, Dec 05.JPG |image-width= |caption= Iconic control tower of Singapore Changi Airport |IATA= SIN |ICAO= WSSS |type= Public/Military |owner= [[Government of Singapore]] |operator= [[Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore]]/<br>[[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] |city-served= [[Singapore]] |location= [[Changi]], [[East Region, Singapore|East Region]] |elevation-f= 22 |elevation-m= 7 |coordinates= {{coord|01|21|33|N|103|59|22|E|type:airport}} |website= [http://www.changiairport.com/ www.changiairport.com] |metric-elev= yes |metric-rwy= yes |r1-number= 02L/20R |r1-length-m= 4,000{{fn|1}} |r1-length-f= 13,123 |r1-surface= [[Concrete]] |r2-number= 02C/20C |r2-length-m= 4,000 |r2-length-f= 13,123 |r2-surface= Concrete |r3-number= 02R/20L{{fn|2}} |r3-length-m= 2,750 |r3-length-f= 9,022 |r3-surface= [[Asphalt]] |stat-year= 2006 |stat1-header= Passenger movements |stat1-data= 35,033,000 |stat2-header= Airfreight movements in tonnes |stat2-data= 1,911,000 |stat3-header= Aircraft movements |stat3-data= 214,000 |footnotes= Sources: airport website,<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/ Singapore Changi Airport] official web site</ref>, CAAS [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]].<ref name="AIP">[http://www.caas.gov.sg/caasWeb/export/sites/caas/en/Regulations_And_Guidelines/Rules_and_Regulations/ATS/AIP/aerodrome/AD_WSSS/WSSS-AD2-1.pdf AIP SINGAPORE WSSS AD 2-1 10 MAY 07], [http://www.caas.gov.sg/caasWeb/export/sites/caas/en/Regulations_And_Guidelines/Rules_and_Regulations/ATS/AIP/aerodrome/AD_WSSS/WSSS-AD2-11.pdf AIP SINGAPORE WSSS AD 2-11 18 JAN 07], [http://www.caas.gov.sg/caasWeb/export/sites/caas/en/Regulations_And_Guidelines/Rules_and_Regulations/ATS/AIP/aerodrome/AD_WSSS/WSSS-AD2-31.pdf AIP SINGAPORE WSSS AD 2-31 20 DEC 07]</ref> }} '''Singapore Changi Airport''' {{Airport codes|SIN|WSSS}} ({{lang-ms|Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura}}; {{zh-sp|s=新加坡樟宜机场|p=Xīnjiāpō Zhāngyí Jīchǎng}}; {{lang-ta|சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி விமானநிலையம}}) or simply '''Changi Airport''', is a major aviation hub in [[Asia]], particularly in the [[Southeast Asia]]n region, and is the main [[airport]] in [[Singapore]]. Located in [[Changi]] on a site of {{convert|13|km2|sqmi}}, it is about {{convert|17.2|km|mi|lk=on}} north-east from the commercial centre.<ref name="AIP"/> The airport is operated by the [[Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore]] (CAAS) and is the home base of [[Singapore Airlines]], [[Singapore Airlines Cargo]], [[SilkAir]], [[Tiger Airways]], [[Jetstar Asia Airways]], [[Valuair]], and [[Jett8 Airlines Cargo]]. It is a [[airline hub|hub]] for [[Garuda Indonesia]] and a secondary hub for [[Qantas]], which uses Singapore as the main stopover point for flights on the [[Kangaroo Route]] between Australia and Europe, the latter being the largest foreign airline to operate from the airport with over two million passengers handled annually<ref>[http://app.mot.gov.sg/data/s_03_09_23.html "Speech by Mr Yeo Cheow Tong Minister for Transport, Singapore"]</ref> As of April 2008, there are about 4,340 weekly flights operated by 80 airlines to over 116 cities in 59 countries. An important contributor to the [[Economy of Singapore|Singapore economy]], 13,000 people are employed at the airport. The airport accounts for over [[Singapore dollar|S$]]4.5 billion in output. In 2007, the airport handled a record 36,701,556 passengers, a 4.8% increase over the 2006 fiscal year.<ref name="airtraffic">{{cite press release|title = Singapore Changi Airport Registers Another Record Year for Passenger Traffic|publisher = Singapore Changi Airport|date= [[2008-01-28]]|url = http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/about_us/media.html?__locale=en}}</ref> This made it the [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|19th busiest airport in the world]] and the fifth busiest in Asia by passenger traffic in 2007. In addition to being an important passenger traffic hub, the airport is one of [[World's busiest airports by cargo traffic|the busiest cargo airports in the world]], handling 1.89 million tonnes of cargo in 2007.<ref name="airtraffic">{{cite web| title= Changi Airport - AIR CARGO TRAFFIC STATISTICS - 2006| publisher= Singapore Changi Airport| date= [[2007-06-01]]| url= http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/air_cargo/cargo_performance/cargo_trafficstatistics.html}}</ref>. Incentives like the Air Hub Development Fund, first introduced in 2003, have proven effective in attracting airlines here. A new S$300 million fund to strengthen Changi's hub status will start in 2007 when the S$210 million fund expires in 2006. The new S$1.75 billion Terminal 3 opened on [[9 January]] [[2008]],<ref name="t3opens">{{cite news|title =Singapore Changi Airport's Terminal 3 opens for business| url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/321525/1/.html| work= Channel NewsAsia | publisher= MediaCorp News | date= [[2008-01-09]]}}</ref><ref name="T3 ready to open"> {{cite news|first =Asha| last=Popatlal | title= Changi Airport's T3 to begin operations from 9 Jan |url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/278999/1/.html | publisher= [[Channel NewsAsia]] | accessdate= 2007-05-29}} </ref> and Terminal 1 will be upgraded along the lines of the renovated Terminal 2, with the latter costing S$240 million. Changi has been courting both premium and budget travellers with the opening of a commercially important persons terminal by JetQuay and a S$45 million Budget Terminal in 2006. Since its opening in 1981, the airport has made its mark in the aviation industry as a benchmark for service excellence, winning over 280 awards in a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007.<ref name="awards">{{cite web| title= Changi Airport - Awards and Allocades| publisher= Singapore Changi Airport| url= http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/about_us/awards_accolades/index.html| accessdate= 2007-08-10}}</ref> and with 19 Best Airport awards won in 2007 alone<ref name="airtraffic" /> Changi Airport's efforts to counter the onset of age include periodic physical upgrades to its existing terminals, building of new facilities and taking steps to provide a high level of customer service.<ref name="awardpressrelease">{{cite press release| title= Singapore Changi Airport is crowned the World's Best Airport as the 2006 World Airport Awards are announced| publisher= Skytrax| url= http://www.airlinequality.com/news/230506-bestairport.htm| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> ==History== [[Image:Singapore Changi Airport, Terminal 1, Departure Hall 7, Dec 05.JPG|thumb|right|Departure hall of Terminal 1]] Growth in the global aviation transport was felt in Singapore, where [[Paya Lebar Airbase|Singapore International Airport]] at [[Paya Lebar]], Singapore's third main civilian airport after [[Seletar Airport]] (main airport from 1930-37, still in use today for [[private aviation]] and limited commercial flights) and [[Kallang Airport]] (1937-55), was facing congestion problems. Opened in 1955 with a single [[runway]] and a small passenger [[airport terminal|terminal]], its inability to cope with the rising traffic became critical by the 1970s, when passenger numbers rose dramatically from 300,000 to 1,700,000 passengers annually in 1970 and 4,000,000 annually in 1975. The government had two options available: expand the existing airport at Paya Lebar or build a completely new airport at another location. After extensive study, a decision was made in 1972 to keep the airport at Paya Lebar as recommended by a British aviation consultant. Plans were created for the building of a second runway and an extensive redevelopment and expansion to the passenger terminal building. A year later, however, the plans were reviewed again due to the [[1973 oil crisis]]. Concerned that the existing airport was located in an area with potential for urban growth which would physically hem it in on all sides and limit its physical growth, the government subsequently decided in 1975 to build a new airport at the eastern tip of the main island at Changi at the site of [[Changi Air Base]] that was renamed from [[RAF Changi]] post-independence, and in turn renamed [[Changi Airbase (West)]], where the new airport would be easily expandable by [[land reclamation]]. However, the airport still had to be expanded during that period of time as there was an increase in traffic at that time. In addition, airplanes could fly over the sea, avoiding noise pollution issues within residential areas like those at Paya Lebar and helping to avoid disastrous consequences on the ground in the event of an air mishap. The airport in Paya Lebar was subsequently converted for military use as the [[Paya Lebar Airbase]]. ===Construction=== The airport was one of the largest single development projects in its history. Land-reclamation works involving over {{convert|52000000|m2|sqft|sigfig=4}} of [[landfill]] and seafill began in June 1975, even as the airport at Paya Lebar was still in the midst of expansion works. About {{convert|2|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of swamp land was cleared and filled with {{convert|12000000|m2|sqft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} of earth from the nearby hills, while another {{convert|40000000|m2|sqft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} of sand from the seabed were used to [[Land reclamation|reclaim land]]. The contractor was [[PentaOcean]] Construction (五洋建設), a [[Japan]]ese construction firm directly involved in numerous land reclamation projects in Singapore. Canals were built to drain water from three rivers, Sungei Tanah Merah Besar, Sungei Ayer Gemuroh and Sungei Mata Ikan. In total, {{convert|8.7|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} were reclaimed, raising the total site area to {{convert|13|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of this, landfill accounted for {{convert|2|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} while seafill represented {{convert|6.7|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="factsheet">{{cite web| title= Some Facts on Changi Airport| publisher= Singapore Changi Airport| url= http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/about_us/fact_sheets/facts_changi_ap.html?__locale=en| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> The construction also demolished 558 buildings, exhuming around 4,100 graves, a {{convert|38.1|cm|in|lk=on|sigfig=2}} gun emplacement at Changi, and diverting the three streams to the western side of the former [[Royal Air Force]] runway, which was to be used for the new {{convert|4000|m|ft|sigfig=5}} runway. All of these works were completed in May 1977. From 1977 to 1979, it was used to [[Pile driver|pile-drive]] the [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]] of Terminal 1 and other buildings as well. The [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] for Terminal 1 was laid in August 1979. The {{convert|78|m|ft|abbr=on}} high [[control tower]] is built on reclaimed land, with its design becoming an icon for the airport. The original name of the control tower was "Aitropolis", but was seldom used. The column-free [[hangar]] with an area almost as large as the [[Padang, Singapore|Padang]] could hold three [[Boeing 747]]s. Its roof was constructed in [[Batam]], and was shipped to Singapore in four separate sections by barge. A special [[jetty]] was built on the coast to obtain fuel from the [[Western Islands]] by shipping it round the coast. The fuel is pumped for a mile to the airport fuel station run by six oil companies on the north-eastern perimeter. The pipelines then leads to all the parking bays through a pipe some {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} below ground level.<ref name="changihistory">Henry Probert (2006), ''The History of Changi'', Changi University Press, ISBN 981-05-5580-6 </ref> The first phase costing about S$1.3 billion opened on [[1 July]] [[1981]] with the first flight, Singapore Airlines Flight 101, touching down at 0700 hours [[Coordinated Universal Time|Zulu]] with 140 passengers from [[Kuala Lumpur]].<ref name="infopedia">{{cite web| last= Muliani Tan| first= Bonny| title= Changi International Airport| work= singaporeInfopedia| publisher= National Library Board Singapore| date= 2001| url= http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_574_2004-12-23.html| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> Officially opened with much fanfare five months later on [[29 December]] [[1981]], the airport had 34 airlines operating 1,200 scheduled flights each week connecting Singapore to 67 cities in 43 countries. It ended its first year operations with 8.1 million passengers, 193,000 tonnes of air freight handled and 63,100 aircraft movements.<ref>[http://app.mot.gov.sg/data/s_06_07_1.htm Remembering the Past]</ref> Despite the airport opening in 1981, some sections were not fully completed. The big aircraft hangar was only completed in 1982, and the first runway was fully completed only in 1983. It was then when the now defunct government department, the [[Public Works Department, Singapore|Public Works Department]] then decided to focus on the construction of the second runway on the reclaimed land east of the Terminal 1. The sections of phase 2 opened progressively over the next few years with the completion of a second runway as well as other facilities. In 1985, the construction work on Terminal 2 started, south of Terminal 1. Terminal 2 was completed in 1989, and was opened in November 1990 with its official opening on [[June 1]] [[1991]] by [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] [[Goh Chok Tong]]. The opening of the second terminal was way ahead of passenger demand.<ref name="changihistory"/> ===Expansion=== [[Image:380CHANGI.JPG|thumb|right|The first commerically used A380, [[Singapore Airlines]] 9V-SKA, parked at Terminal 2]] [[Image:Changit3checkin.jpg|thumb|right|Brightly-lit check-in counters at Terminal 3; the round holes are the air-conditioning vents—they are placed at a lower level to diffuse cool air more efficiently.]] The airport has a development policy of always building years ahead of demand to help to avoid congestion problems common in major airports and maintain high service standards. While the original master plan details plans for two passenger terminals, there have been provisions to provide for long-term expansion initiatives, including the allocation of space for a third terminal planned to have a physical configuration mirroring that of Terminal 2. Construction of this terminal, Terminal 3,<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/t3/ Terminal 3]</ref> began in 1999, at an estimated cost of about S$1.75 billion. Originally planned for completion in 2006, the date was postponed by two years after global [[terrorism]] concerns delayed growth of air traffic in the airport. On [[30 May]] [[2006]], a [[topping out]] ceremony for the terminal was conducted, and an open house was held from [[12 November]] [[2007]] to [[9 December]] [[2007]]. Test flights were held from [[12 November]] until [[3 January]] where the [[Baggage Handling System|baggage handling]], [[check-in]] and ground handling systems were tested. The terminal became operational on [[9 January]] [[2008]] with Singapore Airlines (SQ1) from [[San Francisco, California]] via [[Hong Kong]] being the first flight to arrive at the new terminal at 1156 [[Singapore Standard Time|local time]] (0356 UTC) and SQ318 at 1315 local time (0515 UTC) being the first departing flight.<ref name="t3opens"/> The terminal increases the airport's maximum passenger capacity annually by 22 million, bringing the total annual capacity up to 70 million passengers. Also being constructed is a new full-service nine-story [[Crowne Plaza]] Hotel immediately adjacent to Terminal 3. Changing needs in the aviation industry led to reviews in the master plan, resulting in the decision to cater to the high-end as well as budget sectors of the air travel industry. Although the pioneering airport to conceptualise and construct a Budget Terminal in Asia, it became operational on [[26 March]] [[2006]] a few days after the opening of a similar terminal in [[Kuala Lumpur]], and was officially opened on [[31 October]] [[2006]]. A dedicated stand-alone "Commercially Important Person" (CIP) terminal operated by [[JetQuay]], started operations on [[15 August]] [[2006]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.jetquay.com.sg/images/stories/press/The%20Strait%20Times%28Home%29_4July06%282%29.jpg| title= Take a limo from plane to luxury terminal for $2,000| accessdate= 2008-01-20| date= 2006-07-04| work= Home| publisher= The Straits Times| quote= The service, the first in Asia, will begin when the new luxury terminal opens on Aug 15.}}</ref> and officially opened on [[29 September]] [[2006]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://app.mot.gov.sg/data/s_06_09_29.htm| title= Minister Raymond Lim at the Opening of Changi Airport's CIP Terminal| author= Raymond Lim| authorlink= Lim Siang Keat Raymond| accessdate= 2008-01-20| date= 2006-09-29| work= Newsroom > Archives| publisher= Ministry of Transport, Singapore| quote= Opening address by Mr Raymond Lim, Minister for Transport and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs, at the Changi Airport CIP Terminal Grand Opening Ceremony, 29 September 2006, 7.30pm, at the Changi Airport CIP Terminal; The CIP Terminal will be operated by JetQuay Pte Ltd, a Singapore-based joint venture between four companies; With that, let me end by once again extending my heartiest congratulations to CAAS and the management and staff of JetQuay on the official opening of the CIP Terminal at Changi Airport.}}</ref> It is the first luxury airport terminal in Asia.<ref>[http://news.opodo.co.uk/articles/2007-07-19/18217169-Singapore-boasts.php Singapore boasts Asia's first 'CIP' lounge]</ref> Even as new terminals are being built, the airport continuously upgrades and expands its existing terminals. Terminal 1 went through its first major refurbishment in 1995 at a cost of S$170 million, prior to the commencement of expansion works a year later to add 14 aerobridges at a cost of [S$420 million, which was completed in 1999. Terminal 2 was similarly expanded almost immediately after its opening in 1990, with the addition of two piers of aerobridges costing S$330 million and completed in 1996. In 2002, work commenced on the new [[Changi Airport Skytrain]] as well as the Terminal 2 building, and on [[13 September]] [[2006]], the airport marked the completion of an extensive upgrade costing S$240 million in Terminal 2, which included an updated glass-fronted facade, interior decor, and terminal layout modifications. With the impending arrival of the [[Airbus A380]], the airport put into place modifications works costing S$60 million, which it has planned for since the late 1990s. These included the building of 19 gates capable of handling the large aircraft, eight of which are in Terminal 3. [[Baggage claim]] [[Baggage carousel|carousels]], runways, and [[taxiway]]s were expanded, and two new freighter aircraft stands and two remote aircraft parking stands built. 2 aircraft taxiway bridges spanning Airport Boulevard leading to the terminals also had shields installed on either side to shield the road from the jet blast. On [[11 November]] [[2005]], the airport became the first outside [[Europe]] to receive the A380 for airport compatibility verification tests, and was the first in the world to have an operational triple-passenger loading bridge fit for trials. Extensive upgrading works in Terminal 1 similar in scale to the recently completed works at Terminal 2 commenced in September 2007. Resurfacing works costing S$50m on its dual runways and older taxiways will also be conducted. Terminal 3 was tested in 2007 to prepare for its 2008 opening. Changi Airport will also continue to improve the [[security]] systems of Changi Airport such as access controls and [[surveillance]] systems to make the airport safer for travellers. [[Ministry of Transport (Singapore)|Transport Minister]] [[Lim Siang Keat Raymond|Raymond Lim]] also added that the "software" of the airport had to be improved as well.<ref>Farah Abdul Rahim, [http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/252858/1/.html ''"Record numbers of passengers, cargo pass through Changi in 2006"''], [[Channel NewsAsia]], [[16 January]] [[2007]]</ref> In 2006, a short runway was opened for [[Changi Airbase (East)]] on the site, an interim measure in preparation for its eventual expansion for passenger flights. It will be the first element in what may double the area of the existing airport in the next few decades. On [[March 6]], [[2008]], Minister of State for Transport Lim Hwee Hua informed Parliament that Terminal 4 would be a confirmed expansion to Changi Airport. Details have not been released yet, but there is speculation that the new terminal could be located next to the airport's third runway, which is currently used for [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] jets. Mrs. Lim also added that the budget terminal, which has handled 2.9 million passengers since it first opened in March 2006, would be expanding at a cost of S$10m. It will add 7 more check-in counters and 3 additional boarding gates as the budget terminal prepares to serve up to 9 airlines later in 2008. Today, the budget terminal is connected to 20 cities in the region - up from 12 in 2006 - by two low-cost carriers which form about 10 percent of Changi's passenger traffic.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/333301/1/.html ''"New Terminal 4 for Changi Airport, S$10m expansion for Budget Terminal"''], [[Channel NewsAsia]], [[6 March]] [[2008]]</ref> ===Accidents and incidents=== ====Aircraft en route from Singapore==== *[[12 July]] [[1988]], a North American [[Rockwell International|Rockwell]] [[North American Sabreliner|CT-39E Sabreliner]] of the [[United States Navy]] departing for [[Subic Bay International Airport]], the [[Philippines]], crashed into the [[South China Sea]]. The crew were rescued by a [[Vietnam]]ese fishing boat.<ref name="accidents">{{cite web| title= Singapore-Changi International Airport profile| publisher= Aviation Safety Network| url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=SIN| accessdate= 2007-12-21}}</ref> *[[31 October]] [[2000]], [[Singapore Airlines Flight 006]], a [[Boeing 747-400]] from Singapore to [[Los Angeles, California]] via [[Taipei]] collided with runway equipment at [[Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport|Chiang Kai Shek International Airport]], killing 83 out of 179 people on board.<ref>"[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E6DD1639F930A35752C1A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/P/Pilots Runway Mistake Suspected in Taiwan Jet Crash, Officials Say]," ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[November 3]], [[2000]]</ref> ====Aircraft en route to Singapore==== *[[25 March]] [[1991]], [[Singapore Airlines Flight 117]], an [[Airbus A310]] that departed from Kuala Lumpur was [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] by four men en route to Singapore. The hijackers wanted the plane refuelled so that they could fly to [[Australia]]. When the plane landed in Singapore, commandoes stormed the flight, killing the four Pakistani hijackers.<ref name="accidents">{{cite web| title= Singapore-Changi International Airport profile| publisher= Aviation Safety Network| date=| url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php</ref> *[[19 December]] [[1997]], [[SilkAir Flight 185]], a [[Boeing 737]]-36N that took off from [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport]], [[Jakarta]] started a rapid descent, then broke up in [[flight]] and crashed into the [[Musi River (Indonesia)|Musi]] [[river delta]]. It has been suggested by the [[United States|US]] [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB) that the captain may have committed [[suicide]] by switching off both [[flight recorder]]s and intentionally putting the Boeing 737 in a dive, possibly when the first officer had left the [[cockpit]].<ref name="accidents">{{cite web| title= Singapore-Changi International Airport profile| publisher= Aviation Safety Network| date=| url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php</ref> *[[11 October]] [[2007]], a [[stowaway]], Osama R.M. Shublaq from [[Palestine]] fell out of the [[undercarriage]] of Singapore Airlines Flight 119 from Kuala Lumpur. Airport police arrested him and was deported back to [[Malaysia]] a week later. The incident sparked concerns over security procedures at KLIA and the stowaway's background fueled terrorism concerns<ref>[http://www.zimbio.com/Kuala+Lumpur/articles/373/MORE+PICS+Stowaway+Suicide+Bomber+Osama+R What if Stowaway is Suicide Bomber?]</ref><ref>[http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/legal/general_news/probe_into_stowaway_s_background.html Probe into stowaway's background]</ref>. ==Management== ==Infrastructure== {| class="infobox bordered vcard" style="width:220px; font-size:80%; line-height:160%;" ! colspan="3" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:white; line-height:180%;" | Infrastructure<ref name="factsheet"/> |- |align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Singapore Changi Airport, Terminal 1, Departure Hall, Dec 05.JPG|thumb|centre|Departure Hall of Terminal 1]] |- !colspan="3" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:white; line-height:180%;" |Taxiways |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Length</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|25300|m|ft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Width</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="3" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:white; line-height:180%;" |Passenger terminal buildings |- !colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Total</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Floor area</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|1045020|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Handling capacity</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>c. 70 million passengers<ref>[http://sg.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20080128/tap-singapore-airport-c3bb44c.html Singapore's Changi Airport handles record 2007 traffic]</ref></small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Parking bays</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>92&nbsp;(aerobridge)<br>10&nbsp;(contact)<br>42&nbsp;(remote)</small> |- !colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Terminal One</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Opened</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>[[1 July]] [[1981]] (operational)<br>[[29 December]] [[1981]] (official)</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Floor area</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|280020|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Handling capacity</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>21&nbsp;million passengers</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Parking bays</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>29&nbsp;(aerobridge)<br>16&nbsp;(remote)</small> |- !colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Terminal Two</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Opened</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>[[22 November]] [[1990]]&nbsp;(operational)<br>[[1 June]] [[1991]]&nbsp;(official)</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Floor area</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|358000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Handling capacity</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>23 million passengers</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Parking bays</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>35&nbsp;(aerobridge)<br>11&nbsp;(remote)</small> |- !colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Terminal Three</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Opened</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>[[9 January]] [[2008]]&nbsp;(operational)<small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Floor area</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|380000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Handling capacity</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>22 million passengers</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Parking bays</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>28 (aerobridge)</small> |- !colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Terminal Four</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Opened</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>To Be Confirmed<small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Floor area</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>To Be Confirmed}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Handling capacity</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>To Be Confirmed</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Parking bays</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>To Be Confirmed</small> |- !colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Budget Terminal</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Opened</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>[[26 March]] [[2006]]&nbsp;(operational)<br>[[31 October]] [[2006]]&nbsp;(official)</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Floor area</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|25000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Handling capacity</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>2.7 million passengers<ref>[http://www.btsingapore.com/abt_bt.htm Budget Terminal]</ref></small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Parking bays</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>10&nbsp;(contact)</small> |- !colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>JetQuay (CIP Terminal)</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Opened</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>[[15 August]] [[2006]]&nbsp;(operational)<br>[[29 September]] [[2006]]&nbsp;(official)</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Floor area</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{convert|2000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}</small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Handling capacity</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small> </small> |- !colspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Parking bays</small> |colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>0</small> |} Given limited land resources, Singapore Changi Airport was conceptualised to function as the country's primary airport for the foreseeable future without the need for relocation or the building of another airport when passenger figures increased. Long-term plans for the airport thus gave physical provisions in the form of reclaimed land nearly equal in size to that of the existing airport, with enough space for two more runways and at least two new passenger terminal buildings. The master plan for the existing airport initially involved a dual-terminal and dual-runway configuration over two phases with provisions for another two passenger terminals in the near future. Phase 1 included the construction for the first passenger terminal, the first runway, 45 aircraft parking bays, support facilities and structures, including a large maintenance hangar, the first fire station, workshops and administrative offices, an airfreight complex, two cargo agents buildings, in-flight catering kitchens and an {{convert|78|m|ft|abbr=on}} control tower. Construction for the second phase would commence immediately after the completion of Phase 1 and include the second runway, 23 new aircraft parking bays in addition to the existing 45 bays, a second fire station and a third cargo agent building. ===Air traffic control tower=== The Air traffic control tower (ATC) was constructed as part of Phase One of the Changi Airport redevelopment plan. ATC frequencies: *Singapore Delivery - 121.65 MHz *Singapore Ground - 124.30 MHz, 121.72 MHz *Singapore Tower - 118.60 MHz, 118.25 MHz *Singapore Arrival - 119.30 MHz *Singapore Approach - 120.30 MHz *[[Automatic Terminal Information Service]] (ATIS) - 128.60 MHz ===Runways=== Changi Airport has two parallel runways, 02L/20R and 02C/20C, each {{convert|60|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|4000|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=5}} long. 02L/20R was completed and opened in 1981 as part of the airport's first phase. It has a [[displaced threshold]] of {{convert|740|m|ft|abbr=on}} leaving the rest of the runway at {{convert|3260|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=5}} long.<ref name="AIP" /> 02C/20C, formerly 02R/20L, was built completely on [[Land reclamation|reclaimed land]] and opened with phase 2, {{convert|1.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} apart from 02L/20R. Both runways are equipped with four sets of [[instrument landing system]]s (ILS) to guide [[landing]] aircraft safely under all weather conditions. A new parallel runway 02R/20L (named 01/19 when opened in 2004) was built {{convert|1.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the east of 02C/20C, currently used only by [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] aircraft as part of Changi Airbase (East).<ref name="AIP" /> The new runway is expected to be extended and eventually be turned into a third runway for the airport in future expansion plans. ===Passenger terminals=== Changi Airport currently has five terminals. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 are directly connected with a common transit area, with airside passengers being able to freely move between the terminals without going through immigration. Transport within and between these three terminals is provided by [[people mover]]s and the [[Singapore Changi Airport#Inter-terminal transportation|skytrain system]], although it is also possible to walk between the terminals on foot for landside visitors. Situated beside Terminal 2 is JetQuay, which has its own check-in facilities for premium passengers and where transportation to aircraft in any of the other terminals are by personal buggy. The Budget Terminal, purpose-built for [[low-cost carrier]]s, is physically separated from the main terminals towards the south, where connections are possible via a free shuttle bus service to Terminal 2. All five terminals currently have a handling capacity of 68.7 million passengers a year spread over an area of {{convert|1045020|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}. Capacity will rise again to 73 million passengers a year when expansion works to the Budget Terminal are complete by early 2009. With regards to airport and passenger security, all three terminals conduct security checks before allowing passengers to enter the restricted area for departures whereas other airports such as [[Hong Kong International Airport]] only conduct such security checks after the passengers have cleared the customs/immigration checkpoint. ====Terminal 1==== [[Image:Singapore airport pool.jpg|thumb|left|Swimming pool within the transit area of Terminal 1]] Singapore Changi Airport's oldest terminal operated as the sole terminal from its opening on [[1 July]] [[1981]] right up till the opening of Terminal 2 nine years later. Configured in a H-shaped layout to maximise the number of aerobridges which may be built, it underwent two major upgrading works over its lifespan. A major refurbishment was completed in 1995 at a cost of S$170 million and work to extend two finger piers to add 14 aerobridges at a cost of S$420 million took place from 1996 to 1999. Today, the terminal spans an area of 280,020 m² and can accommodate a maximum passenger capacity of 21 million passengers a year. Plans to launch a new round of upgrading were in the pipeline, with [[Takenaka Corporation]] winning the contract to conduct the works from May 2008 to 2011. Costing S$500 million, it will be the terminals' biggest overhaul to date, involving works on its facade and halls under a theme called "Tropical City".<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/328805/1/.html Takenaka Corp wins contract to upgrade Changi Airport's Terminal 1]</ref> Once completed, it will be the final Terminal to be upgraded to be on par with the newest Terminal 3, and the recently upgraded Terminal 2. ====Terminal 2==== Terminal 2 opened on [[22 November]] [[1990]] as part of Phase II in the original airport masterplan. Deploying a linear configuration parallel to the runways, it is located adjacent to Terminal 1 towards the south, and heralded the opening of the original skytrain system linking the two terminals via the landside. All Singapore Airlines and SilkAir flights shifted to the new terminal when it opened, along with several Southeast Asian careers including [[Malaysian Airlines]], [[Philippine Airlines]] and [[Royal Brunei Airlines]]. They were joined by several airlines, some of which are allied to Singapore Airlines, in particular [[Air New Zealand]] and [[Lufthansa]], both fellow [[Star Alliance]] members. [[Air France]] was a former user before moving back to Terminal 1. Other former users include [[Air Canada]] and [[Austrian Airlines]], as well as Air New Zealand when it ceased operations to Changi in October 2006. [[Etihad Airways]] was the latest airline to operate from Terminal 2 when it commenced flights in September 2007. Terminal 2 is split into four sections with [[Gate (airport)|gate]] numbers carrying the letter of their section. The terminal hosts a [[Movie theater|cinema]] and a [[Burger King]] as well as countless number of shops. the centrepiece is the indoor garden. The terminal also has an outdoor [[Roof garden|rooftop garden]] and a technology section showcasing the world's largest [[Plasma display|plasma screen]]. The carpets are green and the gate information is displayed on [[Liquid crystal display television|LCD screens]]. Security checks must be completed prior to entering the gate. ====Terminal 3==== [[Image:changi airport terminal 3zz.JPG|thumb|left|Baggage collection point; the Green Wall (right) spans {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} and comprises 25 species of climbing plants.]] [[Image:SINT3.JPG|thumb|left|Transit area of Terminal 3]] Terminal 3 became operational on [[9 January]] [[2008]], increasing the airport's annual passenger capacity by 22 million. The terminal has 28 [[Jet bridge|aerobridge]] gates, with eight capable of handling the Airbus A380. While the other 2 terminals uses separate waiting areas for different gates, Terminal 3 has common waiting areas for some of the gates. Designed by [[CPG Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web| title= Singapore Changi Airport I, II, III | publisher CPG Corporation | url= http://www.cpgcorp.com.sg/portfolio/viewdetails.asp?PCID=9&PDID=116 | accessdate= 2008-03-22}}</ref>, with [[Skidmore, Owings and Merrill]] designing the roof feature<ref>{{cite web| title= Changi International Airport - Terminal 3, Singapore, Singapore | publisher= Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLC | url= http://www.som.com/content.cfm/changi_international_airport_terminal_3| accessdate= 2008-03-22 }}</ref> and interior design by Woodhead Wilson<ref>{{cite web| title= Changi International Airport, Terminal 3, Singapore| publisher= Woodhead International| url= http://www.woodhead.com.au/portfolios/1/project/192/project.html| accessdate= 2008-03-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title= Changi Airport (SIN/WSSS), Singapore| work= Airport Technology | url= http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/changi/| accessdate= 2008-03-21}}</ref>, Terminal 3 departs from the largely utilitarian architecture in the first two terminals. Like other new airports in the region, it has a structure mainly made of [[glass]], with big transparent spaces inside the terminal. However, unlike these newer airports, it incorporates "natural" features and "warm" tone extensively to balance the sterile feel of glass and steel. For example, the column is given a wood-like cladding and the floor of the terminal is mostly cream/ beige colour. The roof has been designed to allow natural light to enter the building, with 919 [[Window#Skylight|skylight]]s. A {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}}-high "Green Wall" with hanging creepers and waterfall was incorporated to enhance the tropical feel. The Green Wall also helps to regulate the internal temperature of the terminal with the occasional misting. Singapore Airlines operated the first flights into Terminal 3 on [[9 January]] [[2008]], with flight SQ001 from San Francisco via Hong Kong arriving at 1150 hours to a welcome ceremony by Minister for Transport and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs, [[Lim Siang Keat Raymond]] and the chairman of CAAS, Liew Mun Leong. The first departure flight, SQ318, took off at 1250 hours bound for London-Heathrow<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/changiweb/opencms/changi/en/about_us/media.jsp?site=changi/&page=/changiweb/opencms/Journalist/Press_Releases/index.jsp Changi Airport Singapore - media releases]</ref>. Since then, its regional and [[Flight length|long-haul flights]] bound for [[North America]] (Except [[Houston]]), [[Europe]] (excluding [[Moscow]]), [[East Asia]] (excluding flights to [[Japan]] routed through [[Bangkok]]) and [[Oceania]] depart from the new terminal while all other flights depart from Terminal 2, becoming the first and only airline to operate from multiple terminals in Changi Airport<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/airport_guide/Fly_SQ_from_T2_T3.html Singapore Airlines Operates from Terminal 2 and Terminal 3]</ref>. While the departure terminal is fixed depending on destination, the terminal to be used by each arriving flight has to be confirmed two hours prior to arrival, causing cases of confusion amongst the travelling public, although a CAAS spokesman said that the confusion has since been relatively mitigated due to greater public awareness of the arrangement<ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Singapore/Story/STIStory_220543.html The Straits Times]</ref>. [[Star Alliance]] carriers, which includes Singapore Airlines, are likely to move to Terminal 3 subsequently.<ref>{{cite news|author=Karamijit Kaur|title=Changi's T3 ready to open by next January|work=The Straits Times |publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=H2 |date=[[2007-03-07]]}}</ref> Four airlines confirmed their move to the new terminal<ref>{{cite news| title= Four airlines to join SIA at new Terminal 3 when it opens on Jan 9 | publisher= [[Channel NewsAsia]]| date= 2007-10-25 | url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/307749/1/.html}}</ref> from [[26 March]] [[2008]]<ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_214357.html 4 more airlines to operate from Changi Airport's T3]</ref>, although [[China Eastern Airlines]] and [[United Airlines]] began the move on the night of [[25 March]] [[2008]]. China Eastern Airlines's first arrival flight to Terminal 3, MU545, landed at 2126 hours from Shanghai-Pudong, while United Airlines's first Terminal 3 flight UA895 flew in from Atlanta via Chicago and Hong Kong at 2310 hours. UA803 soon followed from Washington DC via Tokyo-Narita at 2353 hours. On [[26 March]] [[2008]], [[Qatar Airways]] flew its first Terminal 3 flight from Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta at 0120 hours on QR627, while [[Jet Airways]]'s flight 9W12 arrived at 0725 hours from Mumbai. China Eastern Airlines flew its first departure flight, MU544, to Shanghai-Pudong at 0059 hours on [[26 March]] [[2008]], Qatar Airways' QR627 to Doha at 0304 hours, United Airlines' UA896 to Atlanta via Hong Kong and Chicago at 0718 hours and Jet Airways' 9W15 to Chennai departed at 0932 hours. The move added 148 return flights weekly from Singapore to 12 destinations, namely Atlanta, Chennai, Chicago, Delhi, Doha, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kunming, Mumbai, Shanghai, Tokyo and Washington DC, increasing the number of return flights at Terminal 3 to over 900 weekly and the total number of passengers handled to about 11 million annually<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/changiweb/opencms/changi/en/about_us/media.jsp?site=changi/&page=/Journalist/Press_Releases/2008/news_0018.html?__locale=en China Eastern Airlines, Jet Airways, Qatar Airways and United Airlines Ready for Take-Off at Changi Airport Terminal 3]</ref>. CAAS was in talks to move other airlines to the Terminal,<ref>{{cite news | title= Changi Airport's Terminal 3 to open in January | publisher= [[The Straits Times]] | date= 2007-05-29 | url= http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest+News/Singapore/STIStory_123856.html}}</ref> although several airlines expressed concern over the dedicated SIA passenger lounge and unique check-in system not open to other airlines to be introduced in Terminal 3. CAAS clarified that a common check-in system may be used by any airline in half of the Terminal space.<ref>{{cite news| title= T3's up, now for the tenants | publisher= [[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]] | date= 2007-06-13 | url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/281875/1/.html}}</ref> CAAS announced that there has since been no further plans to move any airline, although it will consider requests from other airlines<ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Singapore/Story/STIStory_220543.html The Straits Times]</ref>. ====Terminal 4==== The [[Ministry of Transport (Singapore)|Ministry of Transport]] is currently working on a masterplan on Terminal 4. Aviation experts estimate the terminal will be built in the next 10 to 15 years.<ref>{{cite news|title= Changi Airport's Terminal 4 likely to be built in 10 to 15 years| publisher= [[Channel NewsAsia]]| date= 2008-03-08| url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/333555/1/.html}}</ref> ====Budget Terminal==== [[Image:BudgetTerminal-Int.JPG|thumb|The air-conditioned low-cost terminal opened in March 2006.]] Changi Airport was the second in Asia (after [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]) to open a dedicated terminal catering to the budget traveller. The name of the Budget Terminal was decided as a result of a naming contest open to the public.<ref>[http://travelvideo.tv/news/more.php?id=A7751_0_1_0_M Singapore Minister for Transport inspects Asia's first completed terminal customised for LCCs]</ref> The terminal is not included in the numbering scheme even though it is the third terminal to be opened and Terminal 3 is actually the fifth terminal opened at the airport. In order to offer lower [[landing fee]]s, [[handling fee]]s and [[Airport Improvement Fee|airport tax]]es, it cuts back on amenities such as aerobridges, elaborate physical structures and decorations in the passenger terminal building. [[Air conditioning]], a range of [[duty-free shop]]s and [[Food and Beverage]] outlets, and free [[internet]] terminals are available. There is no transfer facility at the Budget Terminal. Passengers who need to make transfers need to clear immigration, collect their luggage, clear customs, make their way to the main terminal by taking the free shuttle buses and check-in again with the respective airline. ====Accommodating the Airbus A380==== [[Image:9V-SKA and N667US Changi Airport.jpg|thumb|A Singapore Airlines [[Airbus A380]] and a Northwest Airlines Boeing 747 at Changi Airport.]] With Changi-based Singapore Airlines being the launch customer for the Airbus A380, works to ensure full capability in handling the large aircraft was given priority in time for its introduction in October 2007. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore spent S$60 million in upgrading the two existing terminals and airport infrastructure, including enlarged gate holdrooms, new finger piers, and extended baggage belt carousels from the normal {{convert|70|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|90|m|ft|abbr=on}}. With these new carousels in place, the airport does not expect embarking and disembarking passengers and baggage from the A380 to take longer than it does for Boeing 747-400s, which carry significantly fewer passengers. On [[16 August]] [[2005]], Changi Airport unveiled the first of 11 specially-built gates capable of handling the giant aircraft. Costing S$15 million, the gates or 'fingers' enable passengers to get on the upper cabin of the new 555-seater aircraft directly from the gate hold rooms. The hold rooms themselves have been enlarged and appointed to cater for the larger number of passengers flying the A380s. Beside the 11 new gates at Terminal 1 and 2, eight more A380-capable gates were opened at Terminal 3 on [[9 January]] [[2008]]. ==Services== {{main|Singapore Changi Airport awards and accolades}} Changi Airport is a top airport in terms of customer service and security and has won over 250 [[award]]s and accolades as best airport since its opening in 1981,<ref name="awards"/> from organisations such as [[International Air Transport Association]]<ref name="iatapressrelease">{{cite press release|title = IATA Eagle Awards for Airservices Australia, Changi and Brisbane Airports |publisher = International Air Transport Association|date= 2005-05-30|url = http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/2005-05-30-02.htm|accessdate = 2006-11-03}}</ref> and [[Business Traveller]].<ref name="businesstravel2005">{{cite news| title= Best in Business Travel 2005| date= 2006-01-14| url= http://www.businesstravelerusa.com/articles.php?articleID=1005| publisher= Business Traveller| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> ===Passenger services=== [[Image:Changi Airport, Terminal 2, Restricted Area 9.JPG|thumb|right|Extensive foliage in Terminal 2 provides relaxation for passengers in the transit area.]] The airport has over {{convert|240000|m2|sqft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} of space spread between its three main terminals for shopping and eating outlets, with Terminal 3 having the largest amount of retail space at {{convert|215278|m2|sqft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}.<ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Lifestyle/Taste/Story/STIStory_195597.html Strait Times]</ref> Extensive upgrading work on existing retail areas since 2004 in Terminals 1 and 2 has increased sales 13.3% in the first half of 2005 year-on-year over 2004, and as much as 67% compared to the same period in 2003, with [[brand]]s such as [[Prada]], [[Gucci]], [[Bulgari]] and [[Hermès]] opening outlets during this period. The first [[FIFA]] Official Store in the world was opened in Terminal 3, along with Asia's first [[Ferrari]] travel retail shop. The designer airport is one of those anomalies where the phrase “I spent all my time in the airport” is likely to be a positive. From two different lounges with top-class 24 hour napping areas, showers and spa facilities, to [[hotel]] and pool amenities, this airport further excels itself with innovative activities such as its Singapore Tours (created for those in transit for up to 5 hours who are granted a special pass to leave the airport on one of four city tour options), Nature Trail (with six themed garden reserves) and comprehensive dining and entertainment options.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asiaacer.wordpress.com/2008/04/28/best-layover-airport-list/|title=Changi Airport|accessdate=2008-05-08}}</ref> In terms of sales, the airport outstrips other [[List of shopping malls in Singapore|shopping malls]] in Singapore, including those in top tourist spot [[Orchard Road]]. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore derives 60% of its total annual revenue (over [[United States dollar|US$]]500 million in the year ending March 2005) from non-aeronautical sources,<ref>[http://app.sprinter.gov.sg/data/pr/20070509993.htm Today’s aviation environment and its strategic implications]</ref> with 30% from commercial space rental and a percentage of sale receipts. [[Distilled beverage|Liquor]] and [[perfume]]s are particularly popular, accounting for over half of total retail sales, followed by [[watch]]es and [[tobacco]] products. The airport enjoys "one of the highest concession revenues per passenger in the world" compared to other major [[international airport]]s according to Jeffrey Loke, CAAS' assistant commercial director. In addition to a wide array of duty-free shops and eating outlets, Changi Airport has six open-air garden areas. Open to customers of the airport, each garden represents a different group of plants: [[cactus|cacti]], [[bamboo]], [[heliconia]], [[sunflower]], [[fern]] and [[Orchidaceae|orchid]]. Changi Airport has numerous business centres located around the airport. Within the international transit area of the interconnected Terminals 1 and 2, internet and games facilities, prayer rooms, showers, spas, gym, swimming pool and a hotel are provided. Various lounge areas are provided, some including children's play areas or televisions showing news, movie and sport channels. ===Aviation services=== ====Ground handling==== [[Image:Singapore changi airport ground handling emirates.JPG|thumb|right|Ground handling of an Emirates [[Boeing 777]]-300 by CIAS in Terminal 1]] Ground handling services are handled by three companies: [[Singapore Airport Terminal Services]] (SATS), [[Changi International Airport Services]] (CIAS) and [[Swissport]]. SATS, a subsidiary of Singapore Airlines, is the dominant player with close to 80% of the market in the airport. CIAS was formed in 1981 by the [[PSA International|Port of Singapore Authority]] and five airlines ([[Air France]], [[China Airlines]], Garuda Indonesia, [[KLM]] (Royal Dutch Airlines) and [[Lufthansa]]. It handles the remaining market share. In the early 2000s, the government decided to introduce competition into the market by offering an additional license. [[Swissair]]'s Swissport successfully won the license (valid for 10 years) and commenced operations on [[2 March]] [[2005]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.swissport.com/mediacenter/index_news.php?id=206&ref=archive| title= Swissport handles its first flight in Singapore - four months earlier than planned| accessdate= 2008-01-20| date= 2005-03-02| work= News Releases| publisher= Swissport International| quote= March 2, 2005 – Swissport commenced its operations at Singapore’s Changi Airport today, becoming the airport’s third ground handling provider; Swissport’s new licence at Changi is valid for ten years and covers passenger, baggage and cargo handling services.}}</ref> As Swissair folded and was subsequently taken over by [[Swiss International Air Lines]], the latter became the company's first customer. [[Adam Air]] chose Swissport as its ground handler in 2005, while Tiger Airways followed suit in 2006. Other customers of Swissport include [[Northwest Airlines]], [[Swiss World Cargo]], [[Thai AirAsia]] and [[Cardig Air]]. Former customers of Swissport include [[Australian Airlines]]. CIAS underwent restructuring when its shareholding was bought over by [[Dubai]]'s [[Dnata]] group and [[Temasek Holdings]], being relaunched in June 2005 with a new branding. Its security services were amalgamated into the new Temasek-owned [[Aetos Security Management]]. ====Aircraft maintenance==== Five hangars house facilities to provide [[aircraft maintenance]] support by [[SIA Engineering Company]] and [[ST Aviation Services Company]]. This includes a {{convert|20000|m2|sqft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} column-free hangar which was the world's largest when opened in 1981.<ref name="infopedia"/> ==Safety and security== [[Image:Aetos 02.jpg|thumb|An [[Aetos Security Management|Aetos]] [[auxiliary police]] officer controlling access to the runway side of the Departure Hall at Terminal 1, Singapore Changi Airport. Such services are now provided by [[Certis CISCO]].]] The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore manages the overall safety and security of the airport. The Airport Management Division of the CAAS manages the airport's security, while the Aviation Security Division oversees the airport's compliance with [[Airport security|aviation security]] (AVSEC) policies, manages AVSEC-related projects, engages overseas partners and plans for business continuity in the event of a national emergency.<ref name="caasdivisions"/> Operationally, the airport's emergency and fire-fighting services are handled by the Airport Emergency Service Division of the CAAS Regulatory and International Group.<ref>[http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/Regulations_And_Guidelines/Rules_and_Regulations/Airport_Emergency_Services/index.html Airport Emergency Services (AES)]</ref> The AES handles all instances of rescue and fire-fighting within the airport premises as well as in surrounding waters through its specialists operating from two main fire stations, a Fire Sub-Station and a Sea Rescue Base around the airport.<ref>[http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/CAAS_Services/Airspace_MO/Airport_Emergency/Fire_Stations.html?__locale=en Fire Stations]</ref> The airport's security comes under the purview of the [[Airport Police Division]] of the [[Singapore Police Force]]. Assisting the state organisations are the [[auxiliary police]] forces including [[Aetos Security Management]], [[Certis CISCO]] and [[SATS Security Services]], of which Aetos and SATS Security Services are affiliated to the ground handling companies of Changi International Airport Services and Singapore Airport Terminal Services respectively. These officers man check-in counters to screen luggage, control movements into restricted areas, and so forth. CAAS has engaged the auxiliary police to enforce airside regulations since [[8 February]] [[2007]], first engaging Certis CISCO<ref>[http://www.caas.gov.sg/caasWeb/export/sites/caas/en/Regulations_And_Guidelines/Guidelines_and_Manuals/Air_Side_Services/Apron_Notices/download/2007/2-2007.pdf CISCO to Enforce CAAS Aerodrome Rules and Regulations in the Airside of Singapore Changi Airport #2/2007]</ref> followed by Aetos Security from [[16 July]] [[2007]].<ref>[http://www.caas.gov.sg/caasWeb/export/sites/caas/en/Regulations_And_Guidelines/Guidelines_and_Manuals/Air_Side_Services/Apron_Notices/download/2007/10_2007.pdf CISCO to Enforce CAAS Aerodrome Rules and Regulations in the Airside of Singapore Changi Airport #10/2007]</ref> On [[29 April]] [[2008]], CAAS signed its biggest single security contract by engaging Certis CISCO to provide security services at Changi Airport, as well as [[Seletar Airport]], [[Changi Airfreight Centre]], and the [[Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre]]<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/344248/1/.html CAAS signs masters security deal with CISCO]</ref>. The $360 million five-year contract would commence from [[1 April]] [[2008]] with an option to extend for another five years<ref>[http://www.certissecurity.com/sg/News/news.php?art=20 Certis CISCO has been awarded a $360 million contract by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS)]</ref>, and will involve the deployment of about 2,200 Certis Cisco personnel, including 900 armed Auxiliary Police Officers and 1,300 unarmed aviation security officers to perform taskes including scanning checked baggage, controlling access to restricted areas, and screening passengers before they board their aircraft<ref>{{cite news| title= Airport guards get etiquette lessons for pat-downs| publisher= The Straits Times| date= [[2008-04-29]]| url= http://www.straitstimes.com/Singapore/Story/STIStory_232119.html| accessdate= 2008-04-30}}</ref>. Since the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] and [[Singapore embassies attack plot|naming of the airport]] as a terrorism target by the [[Jemaah Islamiyah]], the airport's security has been stepped up. Roving patrol teams consisting of two soldiers and a police officer, armed with assault rifles or sub-machine guns, patrol the terminals at random intervals.<ref name="asianpoliticalnews">{{cite web| title= Singapore to Deploy Army at Changi Airport| publisher= Asian Political News| date= [[2001-10-08]]| url= http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_2001_Oct_8/ai_80050529| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> Officers from the [[Gurkha Contingent]] are also deployed to patrol the transit areas of the terminal buildings. These measures come at a cost partly borne by travellers in the form of a "passenger security service charge," imposed since 2002.<ref name="straitstimes">{{cite web| title= Changi Airport to Impose Security Levy| publisher= The Straits Times| date= [[2002-01-10]]| url= http://www.traveltax.msu.edu/news/Stories/straitstimes6.htm| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> It is levied at S$6 on passengers in both main terminals and the Budget Terminal.<ref name="caasbudgetterminal">{{cite web| title= Budget Terminal| publisher= Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS)| url= http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Budget_Terminal.html?__locale=en| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> In 2005, it became the first airport outside the United States to win the Airport Security Report's "Excellence in Airport Security Award".<ref name="bernama">{{cite web| last= Sawatan| first= Jackson| title= Changi Airport Wins Excellence In Security Award| publisher= Bernama Aviation News| date= [[2005-10-24]]| url= http://www.bernama.com/aviation_news/news.php?id=161938&lang=en| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> In 2005, an upgrade in screening technology and rising security concerns led to luggage-screening processes being conducted behind closed-doors, as opposed to them being done just before check-in previously within public view. [[Luggage#Hand luggage|Carry-on luggage]] and persons screening are conducted at the individual departure gates, while check-in luggage are screened in the backrooms and secured before loading. Plans are in place to install over 400 cameras around the airport to monitor passenger activity around the clock and check on suspicious parcels and activity. Tenders to incorporate such a system was called in late September 2005.<ref name="abcradio">{{cite web| title= Singapore to Install More Security Cameras at Changi Airport| publisher= ABC Radio Australia| date= [[2005-04-10]]| url= http://www.abc.net.au/ra/news/stories/s1473762.htm|accessdate = 2006-11-03}}</ref> A second [[perimeter fence]] to prevent unauthorised persons is due for construction, to be completed by 2008. The Airport Police plans to introduce a biometric identification system for access into restricted areas.<ref name="newsathome">{{cite press release| title= The Transport Security Management Seminar at Singapore Aviation Academy| publisher= Ministry of Home Affairs| date= [[2006-04-12]]| url= http://www2.mha.gov.sg/mha/detailed.jsp?artid=1973&type=4&root=0&parent=0&cat=0| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> In view of the [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot]], security screening checks have been stepped up on passengers and their hand-carry luggage, as well as checked-in luggage on flights bound for destinations in the [[United Kingdom]] and the United States from Changi.<ref name="mediacorp">{{cite web|title = Singapore Steps Up Security at Changi Airport|work = Channel NewsAsia|publisher = Mediacorp News| date= [[2006-08-11]]| url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/224300/1/.html| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> ==Operations== {|class="infobox bordered vcard" style="font-size:80%; line-height:160%;" ! colspan="4" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:white; line-height:180%;" | Operational Statistics<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/about_us/fact_sheets/air_traffic_statistics/?__locale=en Air Traffic Statistics]</ref> |- |align="center" colspan="4"|[[Image:Singapore Changi Airport, Terminal 2, Departure Hall 6, Dec 05.JPG|thumb|centre|The Departure Hall of Terminal 2]] |-bgcolor=lightgrey !Year !Passenger<br>movements !Airfreight<br>movements<br>(tonnes) !Aircraft<br>movements |- |1998||23,803,180||1,283,660||165,242 |- |1999||26,064,645||1,500,393||165,961 |- |2000||28,618,200||1,682,489||173,947 |- |2001||28,093,759||1,507,062||179,359 |- |2002||28,979,344||1,637,797||174,820 |- |2003||24,664,137||1,611,407||154,346 |- |2004||30,353,565||1,775,092||184,932 |- |2005||32,430,856||1,833,721||204,138 |- |2006||35,033,083||1,931,881||''214,000'' |- |2007||36,701,556||1,918,159|| |- !colspan="4" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:white; line-height:180%;"|Top destinations (as at Feb 2008)<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/flight_information/passenger_planner.html Passenger Flight Planner]</ref> |- !colspan="4" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>By flight frequencies (weekly one-way)</small> |- |<small>1</small> |colspan="2"|<small>[[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport|Jakarta]]</small> |<small>195</small> |- |<small>2</small> |colspan="2"|<small>[[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok Suvarnabhumi]]</small> |<small>161</small> |- |<small>3</small> |colspan="2"|<small>[[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur]]</small> |<small>133</small> |- |<small>4</small> |colspan="2"|<small>[[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]]</small> |<small>105</small> |- |<small>5</small> |colspan="2"|<small>[[Narita International Airport|Tokyo Narita]]</small> |<small>62</small> |- |<small>6</small> |colspan="2"|<small>[[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai Pudong]]</small> |<small>60</small> |- |<small>7</small> |colspan="2"|<small>[[Phuket International Airport|Phuket]]</small> |<small>59</small> |} ===Passenger operations=== As all passenger traffic out of the airport is international in nature, the four major terminals in operation are equipped with immigration-processing facilities for international travel. Flights by [[Singapore Airlines]] operate from both Terminal 2 and 3 while flights by [[Singapore Airlines]]' regional wing [[SilkAir]], [[Etihad Airways]], [[Lufthansa]], and some [[Southeast Asia]]-based carriers, including [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[Philippine Airlines]] and [[Royal Brunei Airlines]], operate from the Terminal 2. [[China Eastern Airlines]], [[Jet Airways]], [[Qatar Airways]] and [[United Airlines]] operate from Terminal 3, while the majority of other airlines use Terminal 1. Two airlines, namely [[Tiger Airways]] and [[Cebu Pacific]], utilise the Budget Terminal. After recovering from a drop in passenger traffic as a result of the [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS) epidemic in 2003, the airport saw rapid growth in traffic which hit the 30-million mark for the first time a year later in 2004. A monthly record was set in June 2006 with 2,980,106 passengers handled, an increase of 9.1% in its first six months of operations for 2006. The Budget Terminal handled about 657,000 passengers by [[October 26]], [[2006]], six months after its opening in March, and constituted 11.3% of total flights in October 2006 compared to 9.6% in April the same year.<ref name"changimedia">{{cite web|title = Media|publisher = Changi Airport|url = http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/about_us/media.html|accessdate = 2006-11-03}}</ref> The terminal handled its one-millionth passenger at the end of the 2006.<ref name="mediacorp2">{{cite web| title= Budget Terminal Passenger Volume to Hit One Million Mark by End-2006| date= [[2006-10-31]]| url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/238617/1/.html| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> The airport is expecting to handle a total of 50 million passengers by 2012,<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/337878/1/.html Changi poised to handle 50 million passengers a year by 2012]</ref> during which time the opening of Integrated Resorts and other major events in Singapore, and the phased liberalisation of the ASEAN aviation sector would help to increase tourism arrivals by about 35%.<ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_221358.html Changi to handle 50m passengers a year by 2012]</ref> ===Airfreight=== The Air Cargo Division of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore manages the Changi Airfreight Centre<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/airline_partners/facilities/changi_airfreight.html Changi Airfreight Centre]</ref> located in the north of the airport premises.<ref name="caasdivisions">{{cite web| title= Our Divisions| publisher= Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS)| url= http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Our_Divisions.html?__locale=en| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> Fueled by high economic growth in China, the airport handled 1,854,610 tonnes of air cargo in 2005, an increase of 3.3% over the 2004 fiscal year, making it the 10<sup>th</sup>-busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth-busiest in Asia. Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport, although it has initiated attempts to diversify into the perishable air cargo market. Relying on extensive use of Information Technology, the Air Cargo Division introduced various IT systems such as the Air Cargo EDI System (ACES), the Advance Clearance for Courier and Express Shipments System (ACCESS) and the Electronic Payment and Invoicing for Cargo (EPIC) to ease customs-clearance procedures and movement. It pioneered the TradeNet System, allowing for traders to conduct trade declarations over the Internet and accelerating the approval process by controlling authorities. TradeNet will be linked to the country-wide Integrated Trade and Logistics IT platform.<ref name="flyinghigh">{{cite web| title= Flying High| work= News Room| publisher= EDB Singapore| date= [[2005-01-01]]| url= http://www.sedb.com/edb/sg/en_uk/index/news_room/publications/singapore_investment/singapore_investment01/flying_high.html| accessdate= 2006-11-03}}</ref> ===Destinations=== ====Destinations by region==== {| class="Wikitable collapsible collapsed" width="100%" height="70px" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;" |- ! style="background-color: #E0FFFF;"| Destinations by Region |- | *'''[[Africa]]''' - [[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]], [[Cape Town International Airport|Cape Town]], [[Harare International Airport|Harare]], [[OR Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg]], [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport|Nairobi]] (Cargo), [[Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport|Mauritius]] *'''[[Asia]]''' **'''[[East Asia]]''' - [[Beijing Capital International Airport|Beijing]], [[Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport|Chengdu]], [[Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport|Chongqing]], [[Fukuoka Airport|Fukuoka]], [[Fuzhou Changle International Airport|Fuzhou]], [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]], [[Haikou Meilan International Airport|Haikou]], [[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport|Hangzhou]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Kaohsiung International Airport|Kaohsiung]], [[Kunming Wujiaba International Airport|Kunming]], [[Macau International Airport|Macau]], [[Chūbu Centrair International Airport|Nagoya-Centrair]], [[Nanjing Lukou International Airport|Nanjing]], [[Nanning Wuxu International Airport|Nanning]], [[Kansai International Airport|Osaka-Kansai]], [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul-Incheon]], [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai-Pudong]], [[Shenyang Taoxian International Airport|Shenyang]], [[Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport|Shenzhen]], [[Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport|Taipei-Taoyuan]], [[Tianjin Binhai International Airport|Tianjin]] (Cargo), [[Narita International Airport|Tokyo-Narita]], [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport|Xiamen]] **'''[[Southeast Asia]]''' - [[Sepinggan International Airport|Balikpapan]], [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi]], [[Brunei International Airport|Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Mactan-Cebu International Airport|Cebu]], [[Chiang Mai International Airport|Chiang Mai]], [[Danang International Airport|Danang]], [[Francisco Bangoy International Airport|Davao]], [[Ngurah Rai International Airport|Denpasar]], [[Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport|Dili]], [[Noi Bai International Airport|Hanoi]], [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport|Jakarta-Halim]] (Cargo), [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport|Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta]], [[Kota Kinabalu International Airport|Kota Kinabalu]], [[Krabi Airport|Krabi]], [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur]], [[Kuching International Airport|Kuching]], [[Langkawi International Airport|Langkawi]], [[Sam Ratulangi International Airport|Manado]], [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|Manila-Ninoy Aquino]], [[Diosdado Macapagal International Airport|Manila-Clark]], [[Selaparang Airport|Mataram]], [[Polonia International Airport|Medan]], [[Minangkabau International Airport|Padang]], [[Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport|Palembang]], [[Sultan Syarif Qasim II International Airport|Pekanbaru]], [[Penang International Airport|Penang]], [[Phnom Penh International Airport|Phnom Penh]], [[Phuket International Airport|Phuket]], [[Samui Airport|Samui]], [[Achmad Yani International Airport|Semarang]], [[Angkor International Airport|Siem Reap]], [[Adisumarmo International Airport|Solo]], [[Subic Bay International Airport|Subic]] (Cargo), [[Juanda International Airport|Surabaya]], [[Yangon International Airport|Yangon]] **'''[[South Asia]]''' - [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad]], [[Raja Sansi International Airport|Amritsar]], [[HAL Bangalore International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]], [[Coimbatore Airport|Coimbatore]], [[Bandaranaike International Airport|Colombo]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Zia International Airport|Dhaka]], [[Hyderabad International Airport|Hyderabad]], [[Islamabad International Airport|Islamabad]], [[Jinnah International Airport|Karachi]], [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]], [[Kōchi Ryōma Airport|Kōchi]], [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], [[Malé International Airport|Malé]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Pune Airport|Pune]], [[Trivandrum International Airport|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Tiruchirapalli Airport|Tiruchirapalli]] **'''[[Southwest Asia]]''' - [[Abu Dhabi International Airport|Abu Dhabi]], [[Queen Alia International Airport|Amman]] (Cargo), [[Bahrain International Airport|Bahrain]] (Cargo), [[Heydar Aliyev International Airport|Baku]] (Cargo), [[Damascus International Airport|Damascus]] (Cargo), [[Doha International Airport|Doha]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]], [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]], [[Ataturk International Airport|Istanbul-Atatürk]], [[King Khalid International Airport|Riyadh]], [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]] (Cargo) *'''[[Europe]]''' - [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Barcelona International Airport|Barcelona]], [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]] (Cargo), [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne]] (Cargo), [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Liège Airport|Liège]] (Cargo), [[Leipzig/Halle Airport|Leipzig/Halle]] (Cargo), [[London Heathrow Airport|London-Heathrow]], [[Luxembourg-Findel International Airport|Luxembourg]] (Cargo), [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]], [[Malpensa International Airport|Milan-Malpensa]], [[Domodedovo International Airport|Moscow-Domodedovo]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]], [[Charles de Gaulle International Airport|Paris-Charles de Gaulle]], [[Leonardo da Vinci Airport|Rome-Fiumicino]], [[Zurich Airport|Zürich]] *'''[[Oceania]]''' - [[Adelaide Airport|Adelaide]], [[Auckland International Airport|Auckland]], [[Brisbane Airport|Brisbane]], [[Cairns International Airport|Cairns]], [[Christchurch International Airport|Christchurch]], [[Christmas Island Airport|Christmas Island]], [[Darwin International Airport|Darwin]], [[Melbourne Airport|Melbourne]], [[Perth Airport|Perth]], [[Jacksons International Airport|Port Moresby]], [[Sydney Airport|Sydney]] *'''[[North America]]''' - [[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport|Anchorage]] (Cargo), [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago-O'Hare]], [[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth]] (Cargo), [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport|Houston-Intercontinental]], [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[Memphis International Airport|Memphis]] (Cargo), [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis-St. Paul]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York-JFK]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]], [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington-Dulles]] |} ====Destinations by airlines==== The following lists the current and former airlines operating from the airport. Former users of the airport are in grey and italics. {|class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size: 85%" width= align= |+ '''Airlines and destinations out of Singapore Changi Airport''' |- bgcolor=lightgrey ! width="12%"|Airlines|| width="50%", class="unsortable"|Destinations||width="5%"|Terminal||width="10%"|Commenced||width="10%"|Terminated||width="23%"|Remarks |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Adam Air]]''||Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta||1||{{dts1|2005-10-28}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2005/news_0005.html?__locale=en&site=changi Record number of airlines and flights to Singapore boost Changi Airport's airhub status]</ref>||March 2008||Air certificate revoked. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Aeroflot]]''||Delhi, Kuala Lumpur, Moscow-Sheremetyevo||1|| ||March 2001<ref>[http://www.travelweeklyweb.com/article-5074-aeroflotreturnstoasiawithnewflights-Asia.html Aeroflot returns to Asia with new flights]</ref>||Poor yields on sector. Plans to resume flights by end 2001 did not materialise. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Air Bagan]]''||Yangon||1||{{dts1|2007-09-07}}<ref>[http://www.businesstrendsasia.com/index.php?cat=12:44:190&art=707 Changi Airport welcomes Myanmar's Air Bagan]</ref>||{{dts1|2007-11-04}}||Sanctions against airline by the [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/1227861/burmese_airline_to_operate_flights_to_india__xinhua/ Burmese Airline to Operate Flights to India - Xinhua]</ref> |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Air Canada]]''||London-Heathrow, Montreal, Mumbai, Toronto-Pearson||2||{{dts1|1985-01-15}}<ref>[http://www.airchive.com/SITE%20PAGES/TIMETABLES-CANADA.html Air Canada - October 28, 1984]</ref>||January 1991<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFDE133FF932A1575BC0A967958260&sec=&spon= Air Canada And Singapore]</ref>||Currently codeshares with Singapore Airlines. |- |[[Air China]]||Beijing, Chengdu, Xiamen||1||{{dts1|1985-06-17}}||align=center|—||Suspension ended [[1 January]] [[1994]]. |- |[[Air France]]||Paris-Charles de Gaulle||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[20 July]] [[1964]]. Moved from Terminal 2 to 1 in November 2004. |- |[[Air Hong Kong]]||Hong Kong ||Freight||{{dts1|2003}}<ref name="11dec2003"/>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Air India]] *[[Indian Airlines]] |Delhi, Mumbai *Bangalore, Chennai |1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[16 July]] [[1954]]. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Air Macau]]''||Macau||1||{{dts1|2002-08-21}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2002/news_0019.html?__locale=en&site=changi Air Macau begins scheduled operations to Changi Airport]</ref>|| ||Poor loads on sector. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Air Madagascar]]''||Antananarivo, Reunion||1||{{dts1|1998}}<ref>[http://www.airmadagascarna.com/MDcoINFO.htm A Warm Touch Of Modernity and Reliability]</ref>|| ||Poor loads on sector. |- |[[Air Mauritius]]||Kuala Lumpur, Mauritius||1||{{dts1|1985-05-31}}<ref>[http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/41/Air-Mauritius-Ltd.html Air Mauritius Ltd. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Air Mauritius Ltd.]</ref>||align=center|—||Resumed on [[2 August]] [[2003]]<ref>[http://www.luchtzak.be/news/airmauritius/ Air Mauritius expands its fleet with new Airbus A340-300E aircraft]</ref> |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Air New Zealand]]''||Auckland||2||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||{{dts1|2006-10-02}}<ref>[http://www.airnewzealand.com.sg/aboutus/mediacentre/pressreleases/air_nz_announces_international_route_changes.htm Air New Zealand]</ref>||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[6 April]] [[1966]], now codeshares with [[Singapore Airlines]]. |- |[[Air Niugini]]||Port Moresby||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[5 July]] [[1979]]. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Air Sahara]]''||Delhi||1||{{dts1|2005-05-12}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2005/FS_AirSahara.html India Just Got Even Closer!]</ref>|| ||Airline merged with [[Jet Airways]]. |- |[[Air Seychelles]]||Mahé||1||{{dts1|1987-11-25}}||align=center|—||Suspended from [[3 April]]<ref>[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22928037_ITM Seychelles suspends flights to Singapore.]</ref> to [[6 May]] [[2003]] due to SARS<ref>[http://www.airseychelles.net//news/sars.html The Ministry of Health of Seychelles has removed all restrictions for travellers arriving from from former SARS affected countries as from Monday July 7, 2003.]</ref> |- |[[Air Zimbabwe]]||Beijing, Guangzhou, Harare||1||{{dts1|2004-11-22}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2004/FS_AirZimbabae.html Experience the Excitement of the African Safari with Air Zimbabwe]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[AirAsia]]||Kuala Lumpur||1||{{dts1|2008-02-01}}<ref>[http://www.airasia.com/site/sg/en/pressRelease.jsp?id=d2c1e46d-7f000010-1eb7d250-746698c9 AirAsia celebrates "People's Day" with the liberalisation of Kuala Lumpur-Singapore Route]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Air-India Express]]||Chennai, Kolkata, Tiruchirapalli||1||{{dts1|2006-10-29}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2006/news_0031.html?__locale=en&site=changi Airline is the first Indian low-cost carrier to operate to Singapore]</ref>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Alitalia]]''|| Rome-Fiumicino||1|| || ||Now codeshares with [[KLM]] via Amsterdam. |- |[[All Nippon Airways]]||Tokyo-Narita||1||{{dts1|1991-12-03}}||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Angel Airlines (Thailand)|Angel Airlines]]''|| ||1|| || ||All passenger operations suspended. |- |[[Asiana Airlines]] (part)||Seoul-Incheon||1||{{dts1|1991-01-14}}||align=center|—|| |- |[[Asiana Airlines]] (part)||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Manila, Penang, Seoul-Incheon||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Australian Airlines]]''||Cairns||1||{{dts1|2002-11-21}}<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/Journalist/Press_Releases/2002/news_0001.html?__locale=en&site=changi Air Travellers Get A Taste Of Cairns]</ref>||{{dts1|2006-07-01}}||Airline merged into [[Qantas]], route transferred. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Austrian Airlines]]''||Melbourne, Vienna||2||{{dts1|2000-10-29}}||March 2007||Suspension resumed [[3 June]] [[2004]]<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2004/news_0025.html?__locale=en&site=changi Singapore is Austrian Airlines' Latest Asian Link]</ref>, now codeshares with [[Singapore Airlines]]. |- |[[Bangkok Airways]]||Koh Samui||1||{{dts1|1997-03-27}}||align=center|—|| |- |[[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]]||Dhaka||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[6 April]] [[1977]]. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Bouraq Indonesia Airlines]]''||Surabaya||1|| ||July 2005||First suspended in 1997, resumed on [[20 December]] [[1999]]<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/Journalist/Press_Releases/1999/news_0001.html?__locale=en&site=changi Welcome Back ! BOURAQ Airlines]</ref>; terminated when company liquidated. |- |[[British Airways]]||London-Heathrow, Sydney||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2005/FS_BA.html British Airways celebrates 70 years in Singapore]</ref>||align=center|—||Commenced mail operations to Singapore as [[Imperial Airways]] on [[22 December]] [[1933]]<ref name=mail>[http://www.spm.org.sg/exhibition/mail_takes_flight/index.html Mail Takes Flight: From Racecourse to Changi]</ref> and passenger operations since April 1935 via [[Penang]]<ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/iaw39aus/iaw39u-2.jpg Timetable Imperial Airways]</ref>. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Canadian Airlines]]''|| ||1|| ||{{dts1|2001}}||Merged with [[Air Canada]]. |- |[[Cargolux]]||Amman, Auckland, Baku, Chennai, Damascus, Kuala Lumpur, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Melbourne||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[Cathay Pacific]] (part)||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Colombo, Hong Kong||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2006/cathay_pacific.html Cathay Pacific Celebrates 60 Years in Singapore]</ref>||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since 1947. |- |[[Cathay Pacific]] (part)||Hong Kong||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[Cebu Pacific]]||Cebu, Davao, Manila||Budget||{{dts1|2002-11-06}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2002/news_0007.html?__locale=en&site=changi Second Philippines Carrier Begins Daily Services To Changi Airport]</ref>||align=center|—||Suspended January 2003, relaunched [[31 August]] [[2006]]<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2006/cebupacific_manila.html Cebu Pacific Air Commences Daily Manila-Singapore-Manila Flights at Singapore's Budget Terminal]</ref> |- |[[China Airlines]] (part)||Kaohsiung, Taipei-Taoyuan||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[5 October]] [[1967]]. |- |[[China Airlines]] (part)||Taipei-Taoyuan||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[China Eastern Airlines]] (part)||Kunming, Shanghai-Pudong||3||{{dts1|1993-03-31}}||align=center|—||Moved to Terminal 3 since [[25 March]] [[2008]]. |- |[[China Eastern Airlines]] (part)||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Shanghai-Pudong||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[China Southern Airlines]]||Guangzhou, Shenyang||1||{{dts1|1993-03-17}}||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[China Southwest Airlines]]''||Chengdu||1|| ||{{dts1|2002}}||Merged with [[Air China]], route transferred. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[China Yunnan Airlines]]''||Kunming||1|| ||{{dts1|2002}}||Merged with [[China Eastern Airlines]], route transferred. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Czech Airlines]]''||Prague||1|| || || |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[EgyptAir]]''||Cairo||1|| || || |- |[[Emirates Airline]]||Auckland, Brisbane, Colombo, Dubai, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Melbourne||1||{{dts1|1990-06-17}}||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Emirates SkyCargo]]''||Bangalore, Chennai, Dubai<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/13/stories/2005061300480600.htm Emirates Skycargo to launch dedicated freight services]</ref>||Freight|| || || |- |[[Etihad Airways]]||Abu Dhabi, Brisbane||2||{{dts1|2007-09-28}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2007/etihad_airlines.html Etihad Airways Commences Abu Dhabi-Singapore-Brisbane Services from September 2007]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[EVA Air]] (part)||Taipei-Taoyuan||1||{{dts1|1991-07-08}}<ref>[http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/EVA-Airways-Corporation-Company-History.html EVA Airways Corporation ]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[EVA Air]] (part)||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Ho Chi Minh City, Penang, Taipei-Taoyuan||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Evergreen International Airlines]]''|| ||Freight||{{dts1|2000-04-12}}<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/Journalist/Press_Releases/2000/news_0008.html?__locale=en&site=changi Evergreen International Airlines' Inaugural Flight to Singapore]</ref>|| || |- |[[FedEx Express]]||Anchorage, Cebu, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Memphis, Newark, Osaka-Kansai, Penang, San Francisco, Shanghai-Pudong, Subic, Tokyo-Narita||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Finnair]]''||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Helsinki||1||{{dts1|1985-12-04}}||{{dts1|2007-05-16}}||Low loads on sector. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[First Cambodia Airlines]]''|| ||1||{{dts1|2004}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2004/news_0006.html?__locale=en&site=changi From Russia, With Love]</ref>||{{dts1|2004-02-25}}||Financial problems. |- |[[Garuda Indonesia]]||Beijing, Chennai (starting [[1 November]] [[2008]]), Denpasar/Bali, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Medan, Pekanbaru, Semarang, Shanghai-Pudong, Surabaya||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since 1966. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Gulf Air]]''||Bahrain, Sydney||1||{{dts1|1990-12-01}}||{{dts1|2007-07-01}}||Restructuring of company. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Hainan Airlines]]''||Haikou||1||{{dts1|2002-03-31}}<ref>[http://www.hnair.com/hnairweben/ABOUTHNAIR/NEWS/wfmShowNewS.aspx?cniNewsID=26&cncNewsType=1 HNA Developed An International Flight From Haikou to Singapore]</ref>|| ||Plans to restart flights in December 2004 did not materialise<ref>[http://www.hnair.com/hnairweben/ABOUTHNAIR/NEWS/wfmShowNewS.aspx?cniNewsID=232&cncNewsType=1 Flight from Singapore to Hainan Is Coming]</ref>; currently [[Charter airline|Charter flights]] only. |- |[[Japan Airlines]] (part)||Kuala Lumpur, Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[8 May]] [[1958]]<ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/jl58/jl58-3.jpg Timetable Japan Airlines]</ref>. |- |[[Japan Airlines]] (part)||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Nagoya-Centrair, Tokyo-Narita||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Jat Airways]]''||Belgrade, Dubai, Melbourne, Sydney||1|| ||{{dts1|1992}}||UN sanctions on Yugoslavia; never resumed flights. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Jatayu Airlines]]''|| ||1|| || ||Air certificate revoked. |- |[[Jet Airways]]||Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai||3||{{dts1|2005-04-15}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2005/FS_JetAirways.html Experience the Joy of Flying with Jet Airways]</ref>||align=center|—||Moved to Terminal 3 since [[26 March]] [[2008]]. |- |[[Jetstar Airways]]||Cairns, Darwin, Melbourne <ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_199251.html Jetstar to start 1-stop Melbourne-S'pore daily service]</ref>, Perth [begins December 2] <ref>http://peanuts.aero/low_cost_airline_news/airline/12273/59/Jetstar+launches+new+Perth-Singapore+services+</ref>||1||{{dts1|2006-10-29}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2006/news_0033.html?__locale=en&site=changi Changi Airport Welcomes Jetstar Airways]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Jetstar Asia Airways]]||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Macau, Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Taipei-Taoyuan, Yangon||1||{{dts1|2004-12-13}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2004/FS_JetstarAsia.html Singapore Changi Airport Celebrates the Launch of Jetstar Asia Airways!]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Jett8 Airlines Cargo]]||Dubai, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Manchester||Freight||{{dts1|2007-06-23}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2007/news_0028.html?__locale=en&site=changi Changi Airport Welcomes JETT8 Airlines Cargo]</ref>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Kitty Hawk International Airlines]]''<ref name="airtraffic"/>|| ||Freight|| || || |- |[[KLM]] (part)||Amsterdam||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since 1927<ref>[http://cars.airfrance.fr/double6/file/Y1/file_Y1.nsf/(Lookup)/DESTI-asie_dossierdepresseva/$file/afklasieen.pdf Air France KLM in Asia Pacific: A Leadership Position in a Strategic Region]</ref> (mail) and [[3 May]] [[1933]]<ref name=mail/> (passenger). |- |[[KLM]] (part)||Amsterdam, Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Penang||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[Korean Air]] (part)||Seoul-Incheon||1||{{dts1|1982-02-24}}||align=center|—|| |- |[[Korean Air]] (part)||Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Manila, Seoul-Incheon||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Kuwait Airways]]''||Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Kuwait||1|| || ||Maintained cargo services |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Lauda Air]]''||Vienna||1|| ||{{dts1|2004}}||Route transferred to [[Austrian Airlines]]. |- |[[Lion Air]]||Denpasar/Bali, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta||1||{{dts1|2003-11-18}}<ref name="11dec2003">[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2003/news_0002.html?__locale=en&site=changi Changi Airport welcomes Fifth New Airline for 2003]</ref>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[LOT Polish Airlines]]''||Warsaw||1|| || ||Codeshares with [[Singapore Airlines]] since [[30 October]] [[2005]]. |- |[[Lufthansa]]||Frankfurt, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Munich||2||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[4 April]] [[1965]] |- |[[Lufthansa Cargo]] (part)||Bahrain, Delhi, Leipzig/Halle||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[Malaysia Airlines]]||Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Kuching, Langkawi, Penang||2||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Mekong Airlines]]''|| ||1|| || || |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]]''||Bandung||1|| ||{{dts1|2007}}||Resumed on [[30 April]] [[2005]]. |- |[[Mihin Lanka]]||Colombo||1||{{dts1|2007-09-24}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2008/news_0001.html?__locale=en&site=changi Singapore Changi Airport Welcomes Mihin Lanka]</ref>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Myanmar Airways International]]''||Yangon||1|| || ||Now Codeshares with [[Jetstar Asia Airways]]. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Nepal Airlines]]''||Kathmandu, Kuala Lumpur||1||{{dts1|1984-10-15}}|| ||Suspended till [[31 March]] [[2003]]. |- |[[Nippon Cargo Airlines]]||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[Northwest Airlines]]||Tokyo-Narita||1||April 1989<ref name=NWHT>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/upclose/1980.shtml Northwest Historical Timeline]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Northwest Airlines Cargo]]||Anchorage, Los Angeles, Tokyo-Narita||Freight||{{dts1|1984-12-01}}<ref name=NWHT/>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Olympic Airways]]''||Athens||2|| || ||Shifted all operations to [[Bangkok]] due to high costs in Singapore. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Pakistan International Airlines]]''||Islamabad, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, Lahore||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||July 2007||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[3 November]] [[1972]], suspension ended on [[28 June]] [[2005]]. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Pan American World Airways]]''||Hong Kong||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||{{dts1|1985-04-22}}||Commenced operations to Singapore since May 1941 from [[San Francisco]] via [[Manila]]<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790136,00.html Pan Am to Singapore]</ref>. Route sold to [[United Airlines]]<ref>[http://www.airchive.com/SITE%20PAGES/TIMETABLES-PAN%20AM.html Archive.com]</ref>. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[PB Air]]''||Krabi||1||{{dts1|2000-05-10}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2000/news_0021.html?__locale=en&site=changi Pacific Breeze Air From Krabi]</ref>|| || |- |[[Philippine Airlines]]||Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Manila||2||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[1 November]] [[1965]]. |- |[[Qantas]]||Adelaide, Brisbane, Denpasar/Bali, Frankfurt, London-Heathrow, Melbourne, Perth, Rome-Fiumicino [from [[4 July]] to [[29 July]]], Sydney||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}<ref name=qvo>[http://www.qantas.com.au/info/about/history/details8 Venturing Overseas]</ref>||align=center|—||Commenced mail operations to Singapore since [[26 February]] [[1935]] from Darwin and passenger services from Brisbane on [[17 April]] [[1935]].<ref name=qvo/> |- |[[Qatar Airways]]||Doha, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta||3||{{dts1|2003-12-15}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2003/news_0033.html?__locale=en&site=changi Qatar Airways Flies To Changi]</ref>||align=center|—||Moved to Terminal 3 since [[26 March]] [[2008]]. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Republic Express]]''||Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta||Freight||{{dts1|2003-01-16}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2003/news_0030.html?__locale=en&site=changi Republic Express Strengthens Changi's Air Cargo Hub Status]</ref>|| || |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Riau Airlines]]''|| ||1||{{dts1|2003}}<ref name="11dec2003"/>|| || |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Royal Air Cambodge]]''|| ||1|| || ||Liquidation. |- |[[Royal Brunei Airlines]]||Bandar Seri Begawan||2||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[14 May]] [[1975]]. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Royal Jordanian]]''||Ammam||1|| ||Late 1990s||Financial reasons, but considering resuming in 2008. |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Royal Khmer Airlines]]''||Phnom Penh, Siem Reap||1||{{dts1|2006-01-16}}|| || |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Sabena]]''||Brussels||1|| || || |- |[[Saudi Arabian Airlines]]||Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Riyadh||1||{{dts1|1982-03-30}}||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Scandinavian Airlines System]]''||Copenhagen||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||{{dts1|2006-03-01}}||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[4 November]] [[1967]], now codeshares with [[Thai Airways International]] via Bangkok |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Sempati Air]]''|| ||1|| || ||Liquidation |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Shandong Airlines]]''||Qingdao, Shenzhen||1||{{dts1|2004-07-30}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2004/FS_Qingdao.html QINGDAO – A Bright Pearl on the Yellow Sea]</ref>|| || |- |[[Shanghai Airlines Cargo]]||Ho Chi Minh City, Shanghai-Pudong||Freight||{{dts1|2006-06-16}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2006/news_0014.html?__locale=en&site=changi Singapore Changi Airport Welcomes Shanghai Airlines]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Shenzhen Airlines]]||Nanning||1|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[SilkAir]]||Balikpapan, Cebu, Chengdu, Chiang Mai, Chongqing, Coimbatore, Da Nang, Davao, Dili, Kaohsiung, Kathmandu, Kochi, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Kunming, Langkawi, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Palembang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Shenzhen, Siem Reap, Solo, Surabaya, Thiruvananthapuram, Xiamen, Yangon||2||{{dts1|1989-02-21}}<ref>[http://www.silkair.com/mbe/en_UK/content/corporate/index.jsp?JSESSIONID=H19S2BGcJrmYTYJnvC5mJVjypnthvv7fQSdyStFHT22Sn7J2tsfv!501409391!NONE SILKAIR - THE REGIONAL WING OF SINGAPORE AIRLINES]</ref>||align=center|—||Operated as ''Tradewinds Airlines'' until [[1 April]] [[1992]]. Flights to Dili are scheduled weekly charters by AustAsia Airlines[http://www.austasiaairlines.com/page-16-1.html]. |- |[[Singapore Airlines]] (part)||Departure destinations: Abu Dhabi, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangalore, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Cairo, Cape Town, Chennai, Colombo, Denpasar/Bali, Delhi, Dhaka, Dubai, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Houston-Intercontinental, Hyderabad, Istanbul-Atatürk, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Johannesburg, Karachi, Kolkata, Kuala Lumpur, Lahore, Malé, Manila, Moscow-Domodedovo, Mumbai, Penang, Tokyo-Narita [SQ632 only]||2||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations in Singapore as [[Malayan Airways]] on [[2 April]] [[1947]]. Aircraft will arrive at Terminal 2 if its next outbound destination is to any of the destinations listed here<ref name="T3 ready to open"/>. |- |[[Singapore Airlines]] (part)||Departure destinations: Adelaide, Amsterdam, Athens, Auckland, Barcelona, Beijing, Brisbane, Christchurch, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manchester, Melbourne, Milan-Malpensa, Nagoya-Centrair, Nanjing, New York-JFK, Newark, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Perth, Rome-Fiumicino, San Francisco, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita [except SQ632], Vancouver, Zürich||3||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations in Singapore as [[Malayan Airways]] on [[2 April]] [[1947]]. Aircraft will arrive at Terminal 3 if its next outbound destination is to any of the destinations listed here<ref name="T3 ready to open"/>. |- |[[Singapore Airlines Cargo]]||Adelaide, Amsterdam, Anchorage, Auckland, Bangalore, Brussels, Chennai, Chicago-O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Kolkata, Leipzig/Halle, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Macau, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nairobi, Nanjing, Osaka-Kansai, Shanghai-Pudong, Sharjah, Sydney, Tianjin, Tokyo-Narita, Xiamen||Freight||{{dts1|2001-07-01}}||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[South African Airways]]''||Johannesburg||1|| || ||Now codeshares with [[Singapore Airlines]]. |- |[[SriLankan Airlines]]||Colombo||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[14 September]] [[1975]] |- |[[Swiss International Air Lines]]||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Zürich||1||{{dts1|2002-06-14}}<ref name="14june2002">[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2002/news_0031.html?__locale=en&site=changi New Swiss Flag Carrier Commences Operations To Changi Airport]</ref>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Swissair]]''||Bangkok-Don Mueang, Zürich||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||{{dts1|2002-03-31}}<ref name="14june2002"/>||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[1 April]] [[1969]], now liquidated with route restored by [[Swiss International Air Lines]]. |- |[[Thai AirAsia]]||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Phuket||1||{{dts1|2004-02-16}}<ref>[http://www.airasia.com/site/sg/en/pressRelease.jsp?id=2e8fadb9-c0a8c85d-177e6b40-d20c52e0 AirAsia's lands in Changi]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Thai Airways International]]||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi||1||{{dts1|1981-07-01}}||align=center|—||Commenced operations to Singapore since [[5 May]] [[1960]]. |- |[[Tiger Airways]]||Bandar Seri Begawan [begins 2008], Bangalore, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Darwin, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Haikou, Ho Chi Minh City, Krabi, Kuala Lumpur, Manila-Clark, Macau, Padang, Perth, Phuket, Shenzhen, Xiamen||Budget||{{dts1|2004-09-15}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2004/FS_TigerAirways.html Singapore's newest airline leaps into the skies]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[TNT Airways]]||Liege, Shanghai-Pudong||Freight||{{dts1|2008-05-25}}<ref>[http://www.changiairport.com/changiweb/opencms/changi/en/about_us/media.jsp?site=changi/&page=/Journalist/Press_Releases/2008/news_0021.html?__locale=en Singapore Changi Airport Welcomes TNT Airways]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Transaero]]||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Denpasar/Bali, Moscow-Domodedovo||1||{{dts1|2004-10-31}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2004/FS_Transaero.html Experience the Magic of Russia with Transaero Airlines]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines]]||Jakarta-Halim||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[Turkish Airlines]]||Istanbul-Atatürk||1||{{dts1|1986-06-02}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/changi/en/airline_partners/latest_airline_news/2006/turkish_airlines_istanbul.html Non-stop Flights Istanbul-Singapore-Istanbul]</ref>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Union des Transports Aériens]]''||Paris||1|| || ||Route transferred to [[Air France]]. |- |[[United Airlines]]||Chicago-O'Hare, Hong Kong, Tokyo-Narita, Washington-Dulles||3||{{dts1|1986-02-13}}||align=center|—||Route via [[Hong Kong]] purchased from [[Pan American World Airways]] since [[22 April]] [[1985]] and relaunched in February 1986<ref>[http://www.airchive.com/SITE%20PAGES/TIMETABLES-UNITED.html October 31, 1985]</ref>. Moved to Terminal 3 since [[25 March]] [[2008]] |- |[[United Parcel Service]]||Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Cologne, Dubai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Manila-Clark, Mumbai, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan||Freight|| ||align=center|—|| |- |[[Valuair]]||Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Medan, Surabaya||1||{{dts1|2004-05-05}}<ref>[http://www.jetstar.com/vf/about-us/who-are-we.html Who are we?]</ref>||align=center|—|| |- |[[Vietnam Airlines]]||Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City||1||{{dts1|1992-02-04}}||align=center|—|| |- |[[Xiamen Airlines]]||Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Xiamen||1||{{dts1|2003-01-12}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2003/news_0031.html?__locale=en&site=changi Singapore Changi Airport Welcomes Xiamen Airlines]</ref>||align=center|—|| |-bgcolor="lightgrey" |''[[Yangtze River Express]]''||Nanning, Shanghai-Pudong||Freight||{{dts1|2005-11-01}}<ref>[http://www.changi.airport.com.sg/Journalist/Press_Releases/2005/news_0003.html?__locale=en&site=changi Changi Airport welcomes Yangtze River Express - First Chinese Freighter Airline to operate to Singapore]</ref>||2007 || |} ===Prospective users=== *[[Air Koryo]] (Plans for nonstop chartered flights to Pyongyang from September 2008) *[[Delta Air Lines]] (Plans for flights in recent expansion efforts)<ref>[http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2007/04/30/daily3.html?page=3 Delta celebrates a milestone and Atlanta ties]</ref> *[[East Star Air]] (Plans for flights from Wuhan-Singapore)<ref>{{cite news| title= 武汉东星航空申请飞我国航线| url= http://www.zaobao.com/cg/cg070602_506.html| work= Lianhe Zaobao/联合早报| publisher= Singapore Press Holdings| page= 财经>全球财经| date= [[2007-06-02]]}}</ref> *[[Gulf Air]] (Plans to resume flights to suspended destinations)<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/07/222074/gulf-air-focuses-on-fleet-replacement.html Gulf Air focuses on fleet replacement]</ref> *[[Oman Air]] (Plans for flights with long haul destination expansion)<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/06/05/214368/oman-air-in-it-for-the-long-haul.html Oman Air in it for the long haul]</ref> *[[Royal Jordanian]] (Has been planning to add four new destinations in South-East Asia){{Fact|date=October 2007}} *[[Skywest Airlines]] (Plans to launch flights by end of 2007)<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/Business/Skywest-hopes-to-launch-Singapore-route/2007/08/09/1186530481724.html Skywest hopes to launch Singapore route]</ref> *[[South East Asian Airlines]] (planned to operate using Tiger Airways' planes to Manila-Clark from February 2007, but has yet to materialise)<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/233181/1/.html Tiger Airways in tie-up with SEAir Philippines]</ref> ==Ground transportation== Changi Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind from the onset, with the [[East Coast Parkway]] built and opened in tandem with the airport, providing a direct link to the city-centre. At a distance of about {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}}, the expressway was built almost entirely on reclaimed land; thus, minimising disruptions to the existing road network in Singapore's East Coast. While configured in a compact configuration such that the three main passenger terminal buildings are sited adjacent to each other, allowing for travellers to venture between terminals on foot, a short people-mover system was added to facilitate quicker and more convenient transfers. This system is being replaced by a newer system, which will connect the three main terminals in 2007 and will introduce greater security features by separating checked-in passengers from the general public on distinct tracks. This rail system is not extended to the Budget Terminal, which is served by free shuttle buses to minimise operational costs. ===Inter-terminal transportation=== <!--'''<span style="font-size:120%">Skytrain</span>'''<br>--> [[Image:CrystalMover-Changi-Ext.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Changi Airport Skytrain]]]] The [[Changi Airport Skytrain]] operates between Terminals 1, 2 and 3, with a total of seven stations. The trains have separate cars for air-side (transit) and land-side (public) passengers. Initially built in the early 1990s as a shuttle between Terminals 1 and 2 using [[Bombardier CX-100]] cars, the system was revamped to use the [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover]] in 2006 and extended to Terminal 3 in 2007. The service is free of charge and operates between 5:30 am and 2:30 am daily. Transportation is also provided to passengers and visitors between Terminal 2 and the Budget Terminal in the form of free shuttle buses. Free buses are also deployed to run every 20 minutes during the non-operational hours of the Skytrain; that is, from 0230 to 0530 hours between all four terminals. ===External connections=== [[Image:Changi Airport MRT.jpg|right|thumb|Entrance to Changi Airport MRT Station]] The airport is connected to the [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]] (MRT) network, with [[Changi Airport MRT Station|Changi Airport Station]] located underground between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 and directly accessible from both terminals. A direct, one-train service to the downtown and western parts of Singapore was initially in operation when the station opened on [[8 February]], [[2002]] (then accessible only via Terminal 2). This was replaced by the current shuttle service between Changi Airport Station and [[Tanah Merah MRT Station|Tanah Merah Station]] on [[22 July]] [[2003]],<ref>{{cite web| title= Singapore MRT (Metro)| publisher= UrbanRail.Net| url= http://www.urbanrail.net/as/sing/singapore.htm| accessdate= 2007-04-18}}</ref> when it was found that few passengers actually use this route, compared to the number of commuters who need to travel from the city to [[Tampines]] and [[Pasir Ris]]. Cross-platform transfers are therefore necessary at [[Tanah Merah Station]] to connect to the rest of the network. Trips to downtown Singapore typically cost S$1.90 on a standard ticket or adult [[EZ-Link]] card, taking about 27 minutes to complete - excluding waiting and transfer times. These services are in operation from 0531 (0559 on Sundays/public holidays) and 1118 hours daily. Buses were the main transport mode for cost-conscious travellers and local airport staff until the opening of the Changi Airport MRT Station due to their relative affordability and reliability. Services operated by [[SBS Transit]] and [[SMRT Buses]] use [[Changi Airport PTB 1, 2 & 3 Bus Terminal|bus terminals]] in the basement level of the three main terminals, as well as a bus-stop along [[Airport Boulevard]] which is connected by a sheltered walkway to the Budget Terminal, making a loop starting from Terminal 3 to Terminal 1, 2, and then the Budget Terminal, and back to their destination of origin. {| style="text-align:centre; font-size:95%; border:1px solid black" ! Service !! Destination !! Notes |- ! colspan="4" style="background-color:purple;color:white; height:35px" | SBS Transit Trunk Services |- | style="background-color:purple;color:white;text-align:center;font-weight:bold" | 24 || [[Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange]] || [[Euro IV]] {{access icon|15px}} |- | style="background-color:purple;color:white;text-align:center;font-weight:bold" | 27 || [[Hougang Central Bus Interchange]] || [[Euro IV]] {{access icon|15px}} |- | style="background-color:purple;color:white;text-align:center;font-weight:bold" | 34 || [[Punggol Bus Interchange]] || [[Euro IV]] {{access icon|15px}} |- | style="background-color:purple;color:white;text-align:center;font-weight:bold" | 36 || Tomlinson Road (Loop) || [[Euro V]] {{access icon|15px}} |- | style="background-color:purple;color:white;text-align:center;font-weight:bold" | 53 || [[Bishan Bus Interchange]] || [[Euro IV]] {{access icon|15px}} |- ! colspan="3" style="background-color:red;color:white; height:35px" | SMRT Buses Trunk Services |- | style="background-color:red;color:white;text-align:center;font-weight:bold" | 858 || [[Woodlands Regional Bus Interchange]] || [[Euro V]] {{access icon|15px}} |} [[Taxicab stand|Taxi stand]]s are within the arrival halls of the three main terminals and just outside the Budget Terminal. Prices are the fare shown on meter, plus a S$5.00 surcharge (Friday-Sunday, 1700 to midnight) or S$3.00 surcharge (all other times) for trips leaving the airport. Limousine-taxi services are available at the limousine-taxi counters in the arrival halls of Terminals 1, 2 & 3, at a fare of S$45.00 for a Mercedes Cab and S$50.00 for a Maxi Cab, excluding surcharges. Seven-seater Maxi Cabs are used on the [[airport shuttle]] service that goes to anywhere within the Central Business District and to hotels in Singapore, except hotels in [[Changi Village]] and [[Sentosa|Sentosa Island]], with bookings at the counters in the arrival hall. The fare paid to the driver, in cash, is S$9.00 per adult and S$6.00 per child. The service leaves every 30 minutes from 6:00 am - 6:00 pm, every 15 minutes from 6:15 pm - midnight and every 30 minutes from 12:30 am - 2:00 am. Finally, car-rental services are provided at the car-rental counters in Terminal 2. == References == {{reflist|2}} == Notes == <div class="references-small"> * {{fnb|1}} Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,123 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a [[displaced threshold]] of 740 m (2,428 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.<ref name="AIP"/> * {{fnb|2}} Runway 02R/20L is restricted to the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]].<ref name="AIP"/> </div> == External links == {{commons|Singapore Changi Airport}} * [http://www.changiairport.com Singapore Changi Airport Official Site] * [http://www.changiairport.com/t3 Singapore Changi Airport Official Site, Terminal 3] * [http://www.btsingapore.com Singapore Changi Airport Budget Terminal Official Website] * [http://www.activesingapore.com/singapore-changi-airport.html Singapore Changi Airport Article] * [http://www.dfnionline.com/article/Changi-T3-opens-for-business-1851956.html Singapore Changi Terminal 3 Opens] * [http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=sin Aviation Safety Network accident history for Singapore Changi Airport] * {{WAD|WSSS}} * [http://weather.noaa.gov/weather/current/WWSSS.html NOAA/NWS current weather observations] * [http://www.limousinecab.com/airport-transfer/ Singapore Airport Transfer] Airport Limousine Cab {{Template group |list = {{Airports in Singapore}} {{Future developments in Singapore}} }} [[Category:Singapore Changi Airport| ]] [[Category:Changi]] [[Category:1981 establishments]] [[de:Flughafen Singapur]] [[es:Aeropuerto Internacional de Singapur]] [[fr:Aéroport international de Singapour]] [[ko:싱가포르 창이 국제공항]] [[id:Bandar Udara Internasional Changi Singapura]] [[ms:Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura]] [[nl:Internationale Luchthaven Changi]] [[ja:シンガポール・チャンギ国際空港]] [[pl:Port lotniczy Singapur-Changi]] [[pt:Aeroporto de Singapura]] [[ro:Aeroportul Internaţional Changi]] [[simple:Singapore Changi Airport]] [[sr:Аеродром Сингапур]] [[fi:Changin kansainvälinen lentoasema]] [[sv:Singapore Changi Airport]] [[ta:சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி விமான நிலையம்]] [[th:ท่าอากาศยานสิงคโปร์ชางงี]] [[vi:Sân bay quốc tế Changi Singapore]] [[zh:樟宜机场]]