Ski jumping 40056 222506909 2008-06-29T18:30:07Z SmackBot 433328 Date the maintenance tags or general fixes {{Refimprove|date=April 2008}} [[Image:Letalnica brothers Gorisek Planica.jpg|thumb|200px|''Letalnica brothers Gorisek'' ([[Planica]], <small> {{flagicon|Slovenia}} </small>) ]] [[Image:Doskočišče letalnice.jpg|thumb|200px|Letalnica (landing area)]] [[Image:Letalnica inrun.jpg|thumb|200px|Letalnica (inrun)]] '''Ski jumping''' is a [[sport]] in which skiers go down an "inrun" with a take-off ramp (the jump), attempting to go as far as possible. In addition to the length that skiers jump, judges give points for style. The [[ski]]s used for ski jumping are wide and long (240 to 270 cm). Ski jumping is predominantly a [[winter sport]], performed on snow, and is part of the [[Winter Olympic Games]], but can also be performed in summer on artificial surfaces (porcelain or frost rail track on the inrun, plastic on the landing hill). == History == Ski jumping originates from [[Morgedal]], [[Norway]], but the first proper competition was held in [[Trysil]] in [[1862]]. The first widely known ski jumping competition was the [[Husebyrennene]], held in [[Oslo]] from [[1879]]. The annual event was moved to [[Holmenkollen ski jump|Holmenkollen]] from [[1892]], and Holmenkollen has remained the pinnacle of ski jumping venues . == Competition == [[Image:Calgary.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A ski jumper in [[Calgary]], [[Canada]].]] Today, [[Ski jumping World Cup|World Cup ski jumping competitions]] are held on three types of hills: *Normal hill competitions:- for which the calculation line is found at approximately 80-100m. Distances of up to and over 110 metres can be reached. *Large hill competitions:- for which the calculation line is found at approximately 120-130m. Distances of over 145 m can be obtained on the larger hills. Both individual and team competitions are run on these hills. *Ski-flying competitions:- for which the calculation line is found at 185 m. The Ski Flying World Record is currently held by Bjørn Einar Romøren (239m), set in [[Planica]] (SLO) in March 2005. Amateur and junior competitions are held on smaller hills. Individual [[Ski jumping at the Winter Olympics|Olympic]] competition consists of a training jump and two scored jumps. The team event consists of four members of the same nation who have two jumps each. Ski jumping is one of the two elements in the [[Nordic combined]] sport. [[Image:Skijumps.jpg|thumb|The Lake Placid Ski Jumps.]] ===Women's ski jumping=== Currently, women ski jump internationally in the Continental cup. On May 26, 2006, the [[International Ski Federation]] decided to allow women to ski jump at the [[FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009|2009 Nordic World Ski Championships]] in [[Liberec]], [[Czech Republic]] and then to have a team event for women at the 2011 world championships. FIS also decided to submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee to allow women to compete at the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in [[Vancouver]].<ref>http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/newsinformation/pressreleases/pressreleases2006/gacongressdecisions.html FIS MEDIA INFO: Decisions of the 45th International Ski Congress in Vilamoura/Algarve (POR)</ref> On November 28, 2006, the proposal was rejected by the Executive Board of the [[IOC]]. The reason for the rejection cited the low number of athletes as well as few participating countries in the sport. The Executive Board noted that women's ski jumping has yet to be fully established internationally.<ref>http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/11/28/sports/ME_SPT_OLY_IOC_Meetings.php IOC approves skicross; rejects women's ski jumping</ref> Currently there are 135+ athletes competing on an international level, which is more than snowcross, ski cross, bobsleigh, skeleton, and luge {{Fact|date=April 2008}}. Jacques Rogge, president of the International Olympic Committee states that they don't allow women ski jumpers in the Olympics because "We do not want the medals to be diluted and watered down," referring to the relatively small number of potential competitors in women's ski jumping.<ref>http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080228/ski_jumping_080227/20080228/</ref> Meanwhile, the current record holder on Vancouver's 90m Olympic hill is US female jumper Lindsey Van. It is against Federal and Provincial Law in Canada to use taxpayers money to fund for facilities that discriminate. Canada used taxpayers' money to build the Olympic Jumps in Vancouver. == Scoring == The winner is decided on a scoring system based on distance and style. Each hill has a target called the ''calculation point'' (or ''K point'') which is a [[par]] distance to aim for. This point is marked by the ''K line'' on the landing strip. For K90 and K120 competitions, the K line is at 90 m and 120 m respectively. Skiers are awarded 60 points if they land on the K Line. For every metre short/beyond this average, jumpers receive fewer/more points than the par 60 (1.8 points per metre). [[Image:Ski Jump View From Top.JPG|thumb|left|300px|The view from the top of the ski jump in [[Salt Lake City, Utah]] for the [[2002 Winter Olympics]]]] In addition, five judges are based in a tower that lies to the side of the expected landing point. They can award up to 20 points for style based on: keeping the skis steady during flight, balance, good body position and landing. The final score consists of the distance score plus the middle three style scores from the judges (the highest and lowest scores are ignored). For the individual event, the jumper with the best combined total from his two jumps is the winner. == Technique == Using the modern [[V-style|V-technique]], pioneered by [[Jan Boklöv]] of [[Sweden]] in [[1985]], world-class skiers are able to exceed the distance of the take-off hill by about 10 percent compared to the previous technique with parallel skis. [[Aerodynamics]] has become a factor of increasing importance in modern ski jumping, with recent rules addressing the regulation of ski jumping suits. This follows a period when loopholes in the rules seemed to favour skinny jumpers in stiff, air foil-like suits. Previous techniques first included the [[Kongsberger technique]], developed in [[Kongsberg]], [[Norway]] by two ski jumpers, [[Jacob Tullin Thams]] and [[Sigmund Ruud]] following World War I. This technique had the upper body bent at the hip, a wide forward lean, and arms extended the front with the skis parallel to each other. It would lead to jumping length going from 45 meters to over 100 meters. In the 1950s [[Andreas Daescher]] of [[Switzerland]] and [[Erich Windisch]] of Germany modified the Kongsberger technique by placing his arms backward toward his hips for a closer lean. The [[Daescher technique]] and [[Windisch technique]] would be standard for ski jumping from the 1950s until the V-style technique was developed in 1985. The skiers have to touch the ground in the Telemark landing style. This involves the jumper landing with one foot in front of the other, mimicking the style of the Norwegian inventors of [[Telemark skiing]]. Otherwise the style points will be reduced. ==Popularity== [[Image:Tramplins in Niznny Novgorod.JPG|thumb|Ski jumping facility in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], Russia]] Ski jumping is popular among spectators and TV audiences in [[Scandinavia]] and [[Central Europe]]. Almost all world-class ski jumpers come from those regions or from [[Japan]]. Traditionally, the strongest countries (with consistently strong teams) are [[Finland]], [[Norway]], [[Germany]] (formerly both East and West), [[Austria]], [[Poland]], [[Slovenia]] and [[Japan]]. However, there have always been successful ski jumpers from other countries as well (see list below). The [[Four Hills Tournament]], held annually at four sites in [[Bavaria]] (Germany) and [[Austria]] around New Year, is very popular and draws huge crowds. There have been attempts to spread the popularity of the sport by finding ways by which the construction and upkeep of practicing and competition venues can be made easier. These include plastic "fake [[snow]]" to provide a slippery surface even during the summer time and in locations where snow is a rare occurrence. ==Notable ski jumpers== === Currently active === {{col-begin-small}} {{col-4}} '''Austria''' *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Martin Höllwarth]] *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Martin Koch]] *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Andreas Kofler]] *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Wolfgang Loitzl]] *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Thomas Morgenstern]] *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gregor Schlierenzauer]] *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Andreas Widhölzl]] '''Czech Republic''' *{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Jakub Janda]] *{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Roman Koudelka]] {{col-4}} '''Finland''' *{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Janne Happonen]] *{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Matti Hautamäki]] *{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Arttu Lappi]] *{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Veli-Matti Lindström]] *{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Harri Olli]] '''Germany''' *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Neumayer]] *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Martin Schmitt]] *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Georg Späth]] *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Uhrmann]] *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Andreas Wank]] '''Japan''' *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Noriaki Kasai]] *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Takanobu Okabe]] {{col-4}} '''Norway''' *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Lars Bystøl]] *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Tom Hilde]] *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Anders Jacobsen (ski jumper)|Anders Jacobsen]] *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Roar Ljøkelsøy]] *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bjørn Einar Romøren]] *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Sigurd Pettersen]] *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Anders Bardal]] '''Poland''' *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Stefan Hula, Jr.]] *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Adam Małysz]] *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Robert Mateja]] *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Klemens Murańka]] *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Kamil Stoch]] *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Tomislaw Tajner]] {{col-4}} '''Slovenia''' *{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Robert Kranjec]] *{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Jernej Damjan]] *{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Primož Peterka]] *{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Rok Urbanc]] '''Switzerland''' *{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Simon Ammann]] *{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Andreas Küttel]] '''Russia''' *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Denis Kornilov]] *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Dimitry Vassiliev]] {{col-end}} ===Notable unsuccessful ski jumpers=== *{{flagicon|YUG}}/{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Vinko Bogataj]] - Best known as "The Agony of Defeat" because the constant use of footage of his spectacular tumble in the [[title sequence]] of ''[[ABC's Wide World of Sports]]'' *{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Eddie 'the Eagle' Edwards]] - Popular favourite at the [[1988 Winter Olympics]] ===Notable female ski jumpers=== *{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Anette Sagen]] *{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Eva Ganster]] *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Lindsey Van]] *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jessica Jerome]] *{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Daniela Iraschko]] ==Important venues== ===Ski jumping World Cup=== [[Image:Skijumpingddrrdd.jpg|thumb|270px|DDR stamp - Memorial for the Skijumper]] * {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Engelberg]], [[Switzerland]] * {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Harrachov]], [[Czech Republic]] * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Kulm]], [[Austria]] * {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Kuusamo]], [[Finland]] * {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Liberec]], [[Czech Republic]] * {{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Planica]], [[Slovenia]] * {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Sapporo]], [[Japan]] * {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Trondheim]] ([[Granåsen]]), [[Norway]] * {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Vikersund]] ([[Vikersundbakken]]), [[Norway]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Willingen]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zakopane]], [[Poland]] * {{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Kranj]], [[Slovenia]] ====Four Hills Tournament==== * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Oberstdorf]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Innsbruck]] ([[Bergisel]]), [[Austria]] * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Bischofshofen]], [[Austria]] ====Nordic Tournament==== * {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Lahti]], [[Finland]] * {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Kuopio]] ([[Puijo]]), [[Finland]] * {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Lillehammer]] ([[Lysgårdsbakkene Stadion|Lysgårdsbakkene]]), [[Norway]] * {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Oslo]] ([[Holmenkollen ski jump|Holmenkollen]]), [[Norway]] ==Ski flying== '''Ski flying''' is an extreme version of [[ski jumping]]. The events take place in big hills with a K-spot of at least 185 meters. There are five ski flying hills in the world today. [[Vikersundbakken]] in [[Vikersund]], [[Norway]]; [[Oberstdorf]], [[Germany]]; [[Kulm]], [[Austria]]; [[Letalnica]]; [[Planica]], [[Slovenia]]; and in [[Harrachov]], [[Czech Republic]]. The sixth hill, [[Copper Peak]] in the western [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan]], is currently disused although there are plans to rebuild it to FIS standards. [http://copperpeak.org] The biggest hill is in Planica, where all the [[World's longest ski jumps|longest ski jumps]] have taken place. It's possible to fly more than 200 [[meter]]s in all the ski flying hills, and the current [[World Record]] is 239 meters, set by [[Norwegian people|Norwegian]] [[Bjørn Einar Romøren]] in Planica 2005. The longest jump ever was 240 meters long, achieved by [[Janne Ahonen]] at the same competition, but it is not recognized as a record because Ahonen fell when he landed. Since 1972 there's been a [[Ski flying World Championships|Ski flying World Championship]] every other year. === National records === [[Image:Planica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The largest jump in the world, in Planica, Slovenia]] {| class="wikitable" |- | style="background:#efefef;" | '''Rank''' | style="background:#efefef;" | '''Nation''' | style="background:#efefef;" | '''Record holder''' | style="background:#efefef;" | '''Length''' |- | 1. | {{NOR}} | [[Bjørn Einar Romøren]] | 239 [[meters]] |- | 2. | {{FIN}} | [[Matti Hautamäki]] | 235.5 [[meters]] |- | 3. | {{AUT}} | [[Gregor Schlierenzauer]] | 233.5 [[meters]] |- | 4. | {{SVN}} | [[Robert Kranjec]] | 229 [[meters]] |- | 5. | {{RUS}} | [[Dimitri Vassiliev]] | 228 [[meters]] |- | 6. | {{GER}} | [[Michael Neumayer]] | 227.5 [[meters]] |- | 7. | {{POL}} | [[Adam Małysz]] | 225 [[meters]] |- | 8. | {{JPN}} | [[Daiki Ito]] | 222.5 [[meters]] |- | 9. | {{SUI}} | [[Andreas Küttel]] | 222 [[meters]] |- | 10. | {{USA}} | [[Alan Alborn]] | 221.5 [[meters]] |- | 11. | {{CZE}} | [[Antonin Hajek]] | 219 [[meters]] |- | 12. | {{FRA}} | [[David Lazzaroni]] | 212 [[meters]] |- | 13. | {{ITA}} | [[Roberto Cecon]] | 207.5 [[meters]] |- | 14. | {{SWE}} | [[Isak Grimholm]] | 207.5 [[meters]] |- | 15. | {{BLR}} | [[Petr Chaadaev]] | 197.5 [[meters]] |- | 16. | {{KAZ}} | [[Radik Zhaparov]] | 196.5 [[meters]] |- | 17. | {{SVK}} | [[Martin Mesik]] | 195.5 [[meters]] |- | 18. | {{EST}} | [[Jens Salumäe]] | 195 [[meters]] |- | 19. | {{CAN}} | [[Stefan Read]] | 191.5 [[meters]] |- | 20. | {{KOR}} | [[Heung Chul Choi]] | 191 [[meters]] |- | 21. | {{UKR}} | [[Oleksander Lasarovich]] | 178.5 [[meters]] |- | 22. | {{NLD}} | [[Christoph Kreuzer]] | 162 [[meters]] |- | 23. | {{HUN}} | [[Gabor Geller]] | 139 [[meters]] |- | 24. | {{TUR}} | [[Baris Demirci]] | 123 [[meters]] |- | 25. | {{KGZ}} | [[Dmitry Chvykov]] | 122 [[meters]] |- | 26. | {{CHN}} | [[Zhandong Tian]] | 121.5 [[meters]] |- | 27. | {{ROU}} | [[Florin Spulber]] | 118 [[meters]] |- | 28. | {{BGR}} | [[Petar Fartunov]] | 116.5 [[meters]] |- | 29. | {{UK}} | [[Glynn Pedersen]] | 113.5 [[meters]] |- | 30. | {{GEO}} | [[Kakhaber Tsakadze]] | 105 [[meters]] |- | 31. | {{HRV}} | [[Josip Sporer]] | 102 [[meters]] |- | 32. | {{DNK}} | [[Andreas Bjelke Nygaard]] | 100.5 [[meters]] |- | 33. | {{ISL}} | [[Skarphedinn Gudmundsson]] | 64 [[meters]] |- | 34. | {{AUS}} | [[Hal Nerdal]] | 53 [[meters]] |- | 35. | {{LVA}} | [[Kristaps Laganovski]] | 52 [[meters]] |- | 36. | {{UGA}} | [[Dunstan Odeke]] | 50 [[meters]] |- | 37. | {{IRL}} | [[Richard Brown]] | 35 [[meters]] |} == Water ski jumping == The ski jump is performed on two long skis similar to those a beginner uses, with a specialized tailfin that is somewhat shorter and much wider (so it will support the weight of the skier when he is on the jump ramp.) Skiers towed behind a boat at fixed speed, maneuver to achieve the maximum speed when hitting a ramp floating in the water, launching themselves into the air with the goal of traveling as far as possible before touching the water. Professional ski jumpers can travel up to 70 meters. The skier must successfully land and retain control of the ski rope to be awarded the distance. An extreme version of this sport named Ski Flying was promoted by Scot Ellis and [[Jim Cara]], in which boat speeds and ramp heights are boosted because physics have proved that the standard 75ft line and traditional 35mph boat speed is outrun by the skier and the pro skier was ahead of the boat, being held back by the line.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} == See also == {{commonscat|Ski jumping}} * [[Skiing|Skiing and Skiing Topics]] * [[Ski jumping World Cup]] * [[Freestyle skiing]] * [[Ski jumping at the Winter Olympics]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.eskijumping.com eSkijumping.com] - everything about ski jumping * [http://www.skijumpingcentral.com skijumpingcentral.com] A great english language ski jumping resource * [http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/history_uk.asp?DiscCode=SJ&sportCode=SI/ Olympic Ski Jumping History] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4c4DhVVAwU World's longest ski jump] Bjørn Einar Romøren video [[Category:Individual sports]] [[Category:Olympic sports]] [[Category:Winter sports]] [[Category:Ski jumping|*]] [[bg:Ски скокове]] [[cs:Skoky na lyžích]] [[da:Skihop]] [[de:Skispringen]] [[et:Suusahüpped]] [[es:Salto en esquí]] [[eo:Skisaltado]] [[fr:Saut à ski]] [[hr:Skijaški skokovi]] [[is:Skíðastökk]] [[it:Salto con gli sci]] [[he:קפיצות סקי]] [[hu:Síugrás]] [[nl:Schansspringen]] [[ja:スキージャンプ]] [[no:Skihopping]] [[pl:Skoki narciarskie]] [[pt:Salto em esqui]] [[ro:Sărituri cu schiurile]] [[ru:Прыжки с трамплина]] [[sl:Smučarski skoki]] [[sr:Скијашки скокови]] [[sh:Skijaški skokovi]] [[fi:Mäkihyppy]] [[sv:Backhoppning]] [[vls:Schansspringn]] [[zh:跳台滑雪]]