Sodium perchlorate
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2008-06-18T07:43:43Z
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{{Chembox new
| Name = Sodium perchlorate
| ImageFile = Sodium perchlorate.png
<!-- | ImageSize = 150px -->
| ImageName = Sodium perchlorate
| OtherNames = Sodium Chlorate(VII),<br />Sodium Hyperchlorate,<br />Perchloric Acid Sodium Salt
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7601-89-0
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NaClO<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 122.44 g/mol
| Appearance = White Crystalline Solid
| Solubility = Soluble, [[Hygroscopic]] in Air
| MeltingPt = 400 °C (Decomposes)
}}
| Seection7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Oxidizer.<br />Reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce >perchloric acid.
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Other
| OtherAnions = [[Sodium chloride]]<br />[[Sodium chlorite]]<br />[[Sodium chlorate]]<br />[[Sodium hypochlorite]]<br />[[sodium sulfate]]
| OtherCations = [[Lithium perchlorate]]<br />[[Calcium perchlorate]]<br />[[Potassium perchlorate]]<br />[[ammonium perchlorate]]
| Function = Compounds
| OtherFunctn = [[Perchloric acid]]}}
}}
'''Sodium perchlorate''' is a [[perchlorate]] of [[sodium]] and has the [[formula]] NaClO<sub>4</sub>. Sodium perchlorate melts with [[decomposition]] at 480 °C.<ref>Lange's</ref> Its heat of formation is -382.75 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.<ref>[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C7601890 WebBook page for NaClO<sub>4</sub>]</ref> It is a white crystalline solid. It is [[hygroscopic]]. It is soluble in water and in alcohol. It usually comes as the [[monohydrate]], which has a [[rhombic]] crystal structure.
==Uses==
The present major use of perchlorate salts is as [[oxidizer]]s in [[solid propellant]]s such as [[NASA]]'s [[solid rocket booster]]s. The [[Potassium perchlorate|potassium salt]] was first used and quickly followed by what is now the more important salt, [[ammonium perchlorate]]. [[Lithium perchlorate]], which has the highest weight percentage of [[oxygen]] of all compounds, has been tested as an oxidizer in solid propellants, but has not found favor with propellant manufacturers due to its hygroscopicity.
Sodium perchlorate itself finds only minimal use in pyrotechnics because it is hygroscopic; ammonium and potassium perchlorates are preferred. They are made by [[Metathesis reaction (chemistry)|double decomposition]] from a solution of sodium perchlorate and [[Potassium chloride|potassium]] or [[Ammonium chloride|ammonium]] [[chloride]]s.
It is also used in standard [[DNA]] extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology.
==Synthesis==
Sodium perchlorate is manufactured by [[anodic oxidation]] of [[sodium chloride]] or [[sodium chlorate]] at high [[current density]], with [[platinum]] (or in some cases, [[lead dioxide]], [[manganese dioxide]], and possibly [[magnetite]] and [[cobalt oxide]]) [[anode]]s and [[graphite]], [[steel]], [[nickel]], or [[titanium]] [[cathode]]s.<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Campus/5361/chlorate/naperchl.html Sodium Perchlorate]</ref>
==See also==
* [[Sodium chlorate]]
* [[Potassium chlorate]]
* [[Potassium perchlorate]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Perchlorates]]
[[Category:Sodium compounds]]
[[ar:فوق كلورات صوديوم]]
[[de:Natriumperchlorat]]
[[ja:過塩素酸ナトリウム]]
[[pt:Perclorato de sódio]]
[[zh:高氯酸钠]]