Solid-state physics 102847 218398620 2008-06-10T13:55:04Z JAnDbot 1725149 robot Adding: [[cs:Fyzika pevných látek]] [r5545] '''Solid-state physics''', the largest branch of [[condensed matter physics]], is the study of rigid [[matter]], or [[solid]]s. The bulk of solid-state physics theory and research is focused on [[crystal]]s, largely because the [[periodicity]] of [[atom]]s in a crystal — its defining characteristic —facilitates mathematical modeling, and also because crystalline materials often have [[electrical engineering|electrical]], [[magnetism|magnetic]], [[optics|optical]], or [[mechanical engineering|mechanical]] properties that can be exploited for [[engineering]] purposes. The framework of most solid-state physics theory is the [[Schrödinger equation|Schrödinger]] (wave) formulation of non-relativistic [[quantum mechanics]]. [[Bloch's theorem]], which characterizes the [[wavefunction]]s of [[electron]]s in a periodic [[potential]], is an important starting point for much analysis. Since Bloch's theorem applies only to periodic potentials, and since unceasing random movements of atoms in a crystal disrupt periodicity, this use of Bloch's theorem is only an approximation, but it has proven to be a tremendously valuable approximation, without which most solid-state physics analysis would be intractable. Deviations from periodicity are treated by quantum mechanical [[perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)|perturbation theory]]. ==Topics== *[[Amorphous solid]] *[[Crystal structure]] **[[Crystallographic defect|defects]] **[[quasicrystal]] **[[Free electron model]] **[[reciprocal lattice]] **[[X-ray crystallography]] **[[neutron diffraction]] **[[dynamical theory of diffraction]] *Dielectric properties **[[ferroelectricity]] **[[Refractive index]] **[[Double refraction]] **[[polaron]] *Electronic structure **[[band gap]] **[[Bloch wave]]s (electron waves in a lattice) **[[conduction band]] **[[effective mass]] **[[electron hole]] **[[Fermi gas]] ***[[Fermi energy]] **[[Fermi liquid]] **[[exciton]] **[[plasmon]] **[[valence band]] *Electronic transport **[[Bloch oscillations]] **[[Drude model]] **[[electrical conduction]] **[[Hall effect]] **[[magnetoresistance]] **[[superconductivity]] *Magnetic properties **[[magnetism]] *Mechanical properties **[[crystal acoustics]] **[[Debye model]] of [[specific heat]] **[[Einstein model]] of [[specific heat]] **[[Elasticity (physics)|elasticity]] **[[hardness]] **[[hyper sound]] **[[Mössbauer effect]] **[[nanomechanics]] (nanoscale structures) **[[phonon]]s (lattice vibrations) **[[plastic deformation]] **[[ultrasonic]] *Optical properties **[[Brillouin scattering]] **[[crystal optics]] **[[infrared absorption]] **[[optical phonon]] **[[Raman scattering]] ==See also== *[[Alloy]]s *[[Insulator]] *[[Metal]] *[[Semiconductor]] *[[Semi-metal]] *[[Spin glass]] *[[Surface science]] {{portal|Physics}} ==External links and references== * Online textbook: ''[http://folk.uio.no/yurig/fys448/Fys448.html Introduction to Modern Solid State Physics]'' by Yuri M. Galperin. {{commonscat|Solid state physics}} {{Physics-footer}} [[Category:Condensed matter physics]] [[bn:কঠিন অবস্থা পদার্থবিজ্ঞান]] [[ca:Física de l'estat sòlid]] [[cs:Fyzika pevných látek]] [[de:Kondensierte Materie#Festk.C3.B6rperphysik]] [[es:Física del estado sólido]] [[eo:Solid-stata fiziko]] [[fa:فیزیک حالت جامد]] [[fr:Physique du solide]] [[ko:고체물리학]] [[it:Fisica dello stato solido]] [[he:פיזיקת מצב מוצק]] [[ka:მყარი სხეული]] [[nl:Vastestoffysica]] [[ja:固体物理学]] [[pl:Fizyka ciała stałego]] [[pt:Física do estado sólido]] [[ru:Физика твёрдого тела]] [[fi:Kiinteän olomuodon fysiikka]] [[sv:Fasta tillståndets fysik]] [[vi:Vật lý chất rắn]] [[tr:Katı hal fiziği]] [[uk:Фізика твердого тіла]] [[zh:固体物理学]]