Solid-state physics
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2008-06-10T13:55:04Z
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'''Solid-state physics''', the largest branch of [[condensed matter physics]], is the study of rigid [[matter]], or [[solid]]s. The bulk of solid-state physics theory and research is focused on [[crystal]]s, largely because the [[periodicity]] of [[atom]]s in a crystal — its defining characteristic —facilitates mathematical modeling, and also because crystalline materials often have [[electrical engineering|electrical]], [[magnetism|magnetic]], [[optics|optical]], or [[mechanical engineering|mechanical]] properties that can be exploited for [[engineering]] purposes.
The framework of most solid-state physics theory is the [[Schrödinger equation|Schrödinger]] (wave) formulation of non-relativistic [[quantum mechanics]]. [[Bloch's theorem]], which characterizes the [[wavefunction]]s of [[electron]]s in a periodic [[potential]], is an important starting point for much analysis. Since Bloch's theorem applies only to periodic potentials, and since unceasing random movements of atoms in a crystal disrupt periodicity, this use of Bloch's theorem is only an approximation, but it has proven to be a tremendously valuable approximation, without which most solid-state physics analysis would be intractable. Deviations from periodicity are treated by quantum mechanical [[perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)|perturbation theory]].
==Topics==
*[[Amorphous solid]]
*[[Crystal structure]]
**[[Crystallographic defect|defects]]
**[[quasicrystal]]
**[[Free electron model]]
**[[reciprocal lattice]]
**[[X-ray crystallography]]
**[[neutron diffraction]]
**[[dynamical theory of diffraction]]
*Dielectric properties
**[[ferroelectricity]]
**[[Refractive index]]
**[[Double refraction]]
**[[polaron]]
*Electronic structure
**[[band gap]]
**[[Bloch wave]]s (electron waves in a lattice)
**[[conduction band]]
**[[effective mass]]
**[[electron hole]]
**[[Fermi gas]]
***[[Fermi energy]]
**[[Fermi liquid]]
**[[exciton]]
**[[plasmon]]
**[[valence band]]
*Electronic transport
**[[Bloch oscillations]]
**[[Drude model]]
**[[electrical conduction]]
**[[Hall effect]]
**[[magnetoresistance]]
**[[superconductivity]]
*Magnetic properties
**[[magnetism]]
*Mechanical properties
**[[crystal acoustics]]
**[[Debye model]] of [[specific heat]]
**[[Einstein model]] of [[specific heat]]
**[[Elasticity (physics)|elasticity]]
**[[hardness]]
**[[hyper sound]]
**[[Mössbauer effect]]
**[[nanomechanics]] (nanoscale structures)
**[[phonon]]s (lattice vibrations)
**[[plastic deformation]]
**[[ultrasonic]]
*Optical properties
**[[Brillouin scattering]]
**[[crystal optics]]
**[[infrared absorption]]
**[[optical phonon]]
**[[Raman scattering]]
==See also==
*[[Alloy]]s
*[[Insulator]]
*[[Metal]]
*[[Semiconductor]]
*[[Semi-metal]]
*[[Spin glass]]
*[[Surface science]]
{{portal|Physics}}
==External links and references==
* Online textbook: ''[http://folk.uio.no/yurig/fys448/Fys448.html Introduction to Modern Solid State Physics]'' by Yuri M. Galperin.
{{commonscat|Solid state physics}}
{{Physics-footer}}
[[Category:Condensed matter physics]]
[[bn:কঠিন অবস্থা পদার্থবিজ্ঞান]]
[[ca:Física de l'estat sòlid]]
[[cs:Fyzika pevných látek]]
[[de:Kondensierte Materie#Festk.C3.B6rperphysik]]
[[es:Física del estado sólido]]
[[eo:Solid-stata fiziko]]
[[fa:فیزیک حالت جامد]]
[[fr:Physique du solide]]
[[ko:고체물리학]]
[[it:Fisica dello stato solido]]
[[he:פיזיקת מצב מוצק]]
[[ka:მყარი სხეული]]
[[nl:Vastestoffysica]]
[[ja:固体物理学]]
[[pl:Fizyka ciała stałego]]
[[pt:Física do estado sólido]]
[[ru:Физика твёрдого тела]]
[[fi:Kiinteän olomuodon fysiikka]]
[[sv:Fasta tillståndets fysik]]
[[vi:Vật lý chất rắn]]
[[tr:Katı hal fiziği]]
[[uk:Фізика твердого тіла]]
[[zh:固体物理学]]