Sonora 83750 224515144 2008-07-09T05:18:29Z Islandtimes 5334209 link on virgin {{Infobox Settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = State of Sonora |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |image size = |image_caption = |image_flag = Mexico stateflags Sonora.png |flag_size = 140px |image_Logo = Sonora_logo.gif |Logo_size = |image_logo = |logo_size = |image_map = Mexico map, MX-SON.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location within Mexico |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{MEX}} |subdivision_type1 = Capital |subdivision_name1 = [[Hermosillo]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of Mexico|Municipalities]] |subdivision_name2 = [[#Municipalities|72]] |subdivision_type3 = <!-- [[List of cities in Mexico|Largest&nbsp;City]] --> |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =[[List of Mexican state governors|Governor]] |leader_name =[[Eduardo Bours Castelo]] ([[PRI]]) |leader_title1 = [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Federal&nbsp;Deputies]] |leader_name1 =[[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]]: 5<br>[[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]]: 2 |leader_title2 =[[Senate of Mexico|Federal&nbsp;Senators]] |leader_name2 = PAN: 2<br>PRI: 1 |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes =</br> [[List of Mexican states by area|Ranked 2nd]] |area_total_km2 = 182052<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =2005 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =2,394,861 ([[List of Mexican states by population|Ranked 19th]]) |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Mountain Standard Time|MST]] |utc_offset = -7 |timezone_DST = <!--Sonora does not observe daylight savings time. --> |utc_offset_DST = <!--Sonora does not observe daylight savings time. --> |latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW= |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name =[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2004) |blank_info =0.8163 - <span style="color:#090">high</span><br>[[List of Mexican states by HDI|Ranked 10th]] |blank1_name =[[ISO 3166-2]] |blank1_info =MX-SON |blank2_name =Postal abbr. |blank2_info =Son. |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |website = [http://www.sonora.gob.mx/ Sonora State Government] |footnotes = }} {{otheruses}} '''Sonora''' is one of the 31 [[States of Mexico|federal states of Mexico]] and is located in the northwest of the country. Its name comes from the fact that when the first Spaniards arrived, indigenous people were not able to pronounce the word 'señora' to refer to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary|virgin]]. Thus, they said 'sonora.' ==Geography== [[Image:Valle de Sonora.jpg|left|thumb|Valley of Sonora]] Sonora's shores are washed by the [[Sea of Cortez]] in the Gulf of California, which is connected to the [[Pacific Ocean]] further south. Sonora is thus linked to the so-called "Pacific Rim," which offers ample opportunities for economic development as well as many challenges and opportunities for sustainable use of its natural resources. The Sonoran coastline is 1,208 km long. Sonora borders the state of [[Chihuahua]] to the east, [[Sinaloa]] to the south and [[Baja California]] to the northwest; to the north it shares an extensive border with the [[U.S. state]] of [[Arizona]] and a shorter one with [[New Mexico]]. To its west lies the [[Gulf of California]]; the state of [[Baja California Sur]] also shares a maritime boundary with Sonora. The border with [[Chihuahua]] is 592 km, and the border with [[Sinaloa]] is 117 km. Sonora's border with Arizona is 568 km long, and its border with New Mexico is 20 km long; these borders allow for multiple economic, cultural, and political ties with the [[United States]]. The state's total perimeter is 2,505 km. Sonora is the second largest state in Mexico (184,934 km²), representing 9.2% of the nation's total area. Sonora consists of four physiographic regions: The [[Sierra Madre Occidental]], Parallel Mountains and Valleys, the [[Sonoran Desert]], and the Coast of the [[Gulf of California]]. Sonora is located in a climactic strip in the northern hemisphere that has formed various deserts around the [[globe]]. The state is located at the same latitude as the deserts of [[North Africa]], the [[Arabian Peninsula]], and other regions. An extensive network of roads, the backbone of which is a four-lane highway that crosses the state from south to north, joins Sonora with the rest of Mexico and with the United States. ==Population== In 2000, Sonora had 2,839,969 inhabitants, of whom 50.1% were men and 49.9% were women; this represented 2.3% of Mexico's total population. Population growth has been steady, with an increase of over 700,000 people between 1980 and 2000. [[As of 2000]], there were 271,277 children under 5 years of age, 474,481 children aged between 5 and 14 years, 422,588 between 15 and 24 years 740,930 between 25 and 49 years, and 307,693 adults 50 years and older. According to the last official national census that counted the racial component (1921), 45.84% of the population was white, 40.38% was mestizo, and 13.78% was indigenous. These amounts have been changing due to the influx of indigenous and mestizo populations from the south. The most populous cities in Sonora are: *[[Hermosillo]] 707,890 *[[Ciudad Obregón]] 375,800 *[[Nogales, Sonora|Nogales]] 290,759 *[[Guaymas]] 101,505 (not counting [[Empalme, Sonora|Empalme]]) *[[Navojoa]] 163,312 *[[San Luis Río Colorado]] 138,796 ==Government== The government of Sonora is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The '''executive branch''' consists of a [[governor]] elected by direct vote every six years without the possibility of re-election. The current governor of Sonora is [[Eduardo Bours|José Eduardo Robinson-Bours castelo]] of the [[PRI]] and [[PVEM]]. The '''legislative branch''' consists of a unicameral legislature composed of 21 deputies elected directly and 12 deputies selected by proportional representation for a period of three years with no possibility of re-election. The '''judicial branch''' of the state of Sonora is composed of seven judges. Currently Lic. Max Gutiérrez Cohen is the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of the State. ==Institutions of higher education== The main institution of higher education is the [[University of Sonora]] (UNISON), whose main campus is located in [[Hermosillo]], with satellite campuses in [[Navojoa]], [[Caborca]], [[Santa Ana, Sonora|Santa Ana]], and [[Nogales]]. UNISON is currently one of the biggest public institutions of higher education in [[Mexico]]. *[[Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora]] (ITSON) *[[Instituto Tecnológico de Hermosillo]] (ITH) *[[Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora]] (CESUES) *[[Instituto Tecnológico de Nogales]] (ITN) *[[Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cajeme]] (ITESCA) *[[Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cananea]] (ITESCAN) *[[Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Puerto Peñasco]] (ITSPP) *[[Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey]] (ITESM-COB) *[[Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey]] (ITESM-CSN) *[[Universidad de Sonora]] (UNISON) *[[Universidad del Valle de México]] (UVM), formerly Universidad del Noroeste (UNO) *[[Universidad Kino]] *[[Universidad La Salle Noroeste]] (ULSA) *[[Universidad de Navojoa]] (UNAV) *[[Universidad TecMilenio]] Campus Hermosillo *[[Universidad TecMilenio]] Campus Ciudad Obregón *[[Universidad TecMilenio]] Campus Navojoa ==Political divisions== [[Image:Sonora.png|right|thumb|200px|Municipalities of the State of Sonora]] {{main|Municipalities of Sonora}} Sonora is subdivided into 72 [[Municipalities of Mexico|municipalities]] ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''municipios''), each headed by a [[municipal president]]. ==Economy== As of 2005, Sonora’s economy represents 2.8% of Mexico’s total [[gross domestic product]] or 18,284 million USD.<ref>{{cite book | authorlink = http://www.bancomext.gob.mx | title = Industrial Costs in Mexico - A Guide for Foreign Investors 2007 | publisher = Bancomext | date = 2007 | location = Mexico City | pages = 100 }}</ref> Sonora's economy has a strong focus on export oriented manufacturing (i.e. [[maquiladora]] / [[INMEX]]). As of 2005, 181,277 people are employed in the manufacturing sector.<ref> {{cite book | authorlink = http://www.bancomext.gob.mx | title = Industrial Costs in Mexico - A Guide for Foreign Investors 2007 | publisher = Bancomext | date = 2007 | location = Mexico City | pages = 100 }}</ref> There are a more than 213 companies operating under the federal [[INMEX]] or [[Prosec]] program in Sonora. The average wage for an employee in Sonora is approximately 174 pesos per day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sonora Regional Investment Guide|publisher=UnderstandMexico|url=http://www.understandmexico.com/mexico/states/sonora|accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref> With a GDP per capita of US$10,534, Sonora ranks 9th among Mexican states. ==Tourism== Sonora is a premier tourist destination, especially for visitors from neighboring Arizona. Recently, Sonora has experienced a boom in tourism, especially in the city of [[Puerto Peñasco]], due to its being the nearest beach to many population centers in Arizona. ==People== *[[Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta]] *[[Abelardo L. Rodríguez]] *[[Álvaro Obregón]] *[[Plutarco Elías Calles]] *[[Adolfo de la Huerta]] *[[Manlio Fabio Beltrones]] *[[Silvia Pinal]] *[[Ramón Corral]] *[[Jesús García Corona]] "Héroe de Nacozari" *[[Cajeme|José María Leyva]] "El Indio Cajeme" *[[Ana Gabriela Guevara]] *[[Julio César Chávez]] *[[María Félix]] *[[Félix María Zuloaga]] *[[Fernando Valenzuela]] *[[Manuel Uruchurtu]] *[[Abel Gutierrez]] ==External links== *{{es icon}} [http://www.sonora.gob.mx/ Sonora State Government] *{{en icon}} [http://www.gotosonora.com/ Sonora Tourism run by the State] *{{en icon}} [http://www.understandmexico.com/mexico/states/Sonora Sonora Investment Information] ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{States of Mexico}} {{coor title dms|29|38|46|N|110|52|08|W|region:MX-SON_type:adm1st}} [[Category:States of Mexico]] [[Category:Sonora|*]] [[bg:Сонора]] [[ca:Sonora]] [[cy:Sonora]] [[da:Sonora]] [[de:Sonora (Bundesstaat)]] [[et:Sonora]] [[es:Sonora]] [[eo:Sonora]] [[eu:Sonora]] [[fa:ایالت سونورا]] [[fr:Sonora]] [[gl:Sonora (Estado)]] [[io:Sonora]] [[it:Sonora]] [[kw:Sonora]] [[nl:Sonora (staat)]] [[ja:ソノラ州]] [[no:Sonora]] [[pms:Sonora]] [[pl:Sonora (stan)]] [[pt:Sonora]] [[ro:Sonora (stat Mexic)]] [[ru:Сонора]] [[fi:Sonora]] [[sv:Sonora, Mexiko]] [[zh:索諾拉州]]