Spandau
304326
225133516
2008-07-12T01:34:41Z
78.48.180.255
:''For the Spandau machine gun, see [[Maschinengewehr 08]]. For the 1980s New Romantic group, see [[Spandau Ballet]].''
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="right" style="margin-left:0.5em;" width="150"
! bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Sign
! bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Map
|-
| align="center" | [[Image:Coat of arms de-be spandau.png|100px|Sign of Spandau]]
| align="center" | [[Image:Berlin_spandau.png|thumb|The location of Spandau in Berlin.]]
|-
| [[Area]]: || 91.91 km²
|-
| [[Population|Inhabitants]]: || 223,768 ''<small>(2007)</small>''
|-
| [[Population density]]: || 2,435 inhabitants per km²
|-
| Website: || [http://www.berlin.de/ba-spandau/index.html Official homepage {{de icon}}]
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Politics
|-
| [[Mayor]] of Borough: || Konrad Birkholz ([[Christian-Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]])
|-
| Parliament of Borough (''BVV''): || [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] 24, [[SPD]] 20, [[Alliance '90/The Greens]] 4, [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] 3, [[Grey Panthers Party of Germany|The Greys]] 3, [[The Left Party.PDS]] 1 (last election 2006)
|}
[[Image:Berlin Spandau.png|thumb|310px|Localities of Spandau]]
'''Spandau''' is the fifth and westernmost [[Boroughs of Berlin|borough]] (''Bezirk'') of [[Berlin]], situated at the [[Confluence (geography)|confluence]] of the [[Havel]] and [[Spree]] rivers and along the western bank of the Havel.
==Localities==
* Spandau
* [[Haselhorst]]
* [[Siemensstadt]]
* [[Staaken]]
* [[Gatow]]
* [[Kladow]]
* [[Hakenfelde]]
* [[Falkenhagener Feld]]
* [[Wilhelmstadt]]
==History==
The history of Spandau begins in the [[7th century|7th]] or [[8th century]], when the [[Slavs|Slav]] [[Heveller]] first settled in the area and later built a fortress there. It was conquered in [[928]] by the [[Germany|German]] King [[Henry the Fowler|Henry I]], but returned to Slavic rule after the rebellion of [[983]].
In [[1156]], the [[Ascanian]] Earl [[Albert I of Brandenburg|Albrecht von Ballenstedt]] ("Albrecht the Bear") took possession of the region. [[1197]] marked the first mention as ''Spandowe'' in a deed of [[Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg]] - thus forty years earlier than the [[Cölln]] part of the [[medieval]] Berlin. Spandau was given [[German town law|city rights]] in [[1232]].
During the Ascanian Rule the construction of the [[Spandau Citadel]] began, which was completed between [[1559]] and [[1594]] by [[Joachim II of Brandenburg]]. In [[1558]] the village of [[Gatow]] became part of Spandau. During the [[Thirty Years' War]] Spandau was surrendered to the [[Swedish people|Swedes]] in [[1634]].
In [[1806]], after the [[Battle of Jena|Battle of Jena and Auerstedt]], [[France|French]] troops under [[Napoleon]] took possession of the city and stayed there until [[1807]]. In [[1812]], Napoleon returned and the Spandau Citadel was besieged in [[1813]] by [[Prussia]]n and [[Russia]]n troops.
From [[1849]] on the poet and revolutionary [[Gottfried Kinkel]] had been an inmate of the Spandau town prison, until he was freed by his friend [[Carl Schurz]] in the night of November 6, [[1850]]
Before [[World War I]], Spandau was a seat of large government cannon [[foundries]], factories for making [[gunpowder]] and other munitions of war making it a centre of the [[arms industry]] in the [[German Empire]]. It was also a [[garrison]] town with numerous [[barracks]], home of the [[5th Guard Infantry Brigade]] and the [[5th Guard Foot Regiment]] of the [[German Army (German Empire)|German Army]]. In [[1920]], Spandau (whose name had been changed from ''Spandow'' in [[1878]]) was incorporated into [[Greater Berlin Act|Greater Berlin]] as a borough.
After [[World War II]], it was part of the [[United Kingdom|British]] Occupation Zone in [[West Berlin]] and the [[Spandau Prison]], built in [[1876]], was used to house [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[War crime|war criminals]] who were sentenced to imprisonment at the [[Nuremberg Trials]]. After the death of [[Rudolf Hess]], the prison's last inmate, Spandau Prison was completely demolished by the allied powers and later replaced by a [[shopping mall]].
Modern industries include metal working, chemicals and carpet manufacturing.
Also worthy of note, the popular British [[ New Romantic]] band, [[Spandau Ballet]] takes its name from Spandau.
== Places of interest ==
* [[Spandau Citadel]], a [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] fortress built in the [[16th century]] (officially located in [[Haselhorst]])
* St. Nikolai, a [[Gothic architecture|late Gothic]] [[hall church]] of the [[14th century]], where [[Prince-elector|Elector]] [[Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg|Joachim II Hector]] on November 1, [[1539]] attended a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] service for the first time. This date is commonly regarded as the beginning of the [[Protestant Reformation]] in the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]]. The [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] spire was attached in [[1744]] and refurbished by [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] in [[1839]]
(''there is also a [[Nikolaikirche]] in [[Berlin-Mitte]]'')
* Spandau Old Town with [[medieval]] ''Gotisches Haus'' ("Gothic House") of the [[15th century]]
* Town hall (''Rathaus''), finished in [[1913]]
[[Image:SpandauStreet.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Old Town and Saint Nikolai Church]]
[[Image:SpandauRathaus.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Rathaus (town hall)]]
==Notable people==
* [[Bela B.]], [[musician]], born December 14, [[1962]]
* [[Robert Hoyzer]], former [[referee (football)|football referee]], born August 28, [[1979]]
* [[Ivan Rebroff]], [[singer]], born July 31, [[1931]], died February 27, [[2008]] in [[Frankfurt]]
* [[Erna Sack]], [[soprano]], born February 6, [[1898]], died March 2, [[1972]] in [[Mainz]]
==Twin towns==
*{{Flagicon|England}} [[Luton]], [[England]] since 1950
*{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Siegen]], [[Germany]] since 1952
*{{Flagicon|France}} [[Asnières-sur-Seine]], [[France]] since 1959
*{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Ashdod]], [[Israel]], since 1968
*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Boca Raton]], [[Florida]], [[USA]] since 1980
*{{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Iznik]], [[Turkey]] since 1987
*{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Nauen]], [[Germany]] since 1988
<!-- arranged by date -->
== External links ==
*{{de icon}} [http://www.berlin.de/ba-spandau/index.html Official Homepage]
* [http://www.berlin.de/english/ Official homepage of Berlin]
{{Boroughs of Berlin}}
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