Speed skating at the Winter Olympics
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<div style="float:right; margin-left:10px;">[[Image:Speed skating pictogram.svg|100px|border|Speed skating]]</div>
'''[[Speed skating]]''' has been featured as a sport in the '''[[Winter Olympics]]''' since the [[1924 Winter Olympics|first winter games]] in [[1924]]. Women's events were added to the Olympic program for the first time in [[1960 Winter Olympics|1960]].
==History==
The [[List of International Sport Federations|governing body]] for speed skating [[International Skating Union]] (ISU), was included in the list of recognized federations when the [[International Olympic Committee]] was founded, but was first discussed seriously for the [[1908 Summer Olympics]] in [[London]]. No speed skating events were contested, although figure skating – also governed by the ISU – was on the programme. The preliminary calendar for the [[1916 Summer Olympics]], to be held in [[Berlin]], listed a 3-event allround competition<ref>Kluge 1994, page ?.</ref>, but these Games were cancelled because of [[World War I]].
The International Winter Sports Week in [[Chamonix]], retro-actively dubbed the [[1924 Winter Olympics]], contained five speed skating events. Uncommon for the time, it not only included an all-round competition, but also awarded medals for the individual distances: 500 m, 1500 m, 5000 m and 10000 m. The all-round event was dropped before the [[1928 Winter Olympics|1928 Games]], even though it remained the only [[World Speed Skating Championships|World Championship format]] in the sport until the 1970s; single distance World Championships were not established until [[1996]].
The [[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics|1932 speed skating events]] were held according to the rules of the American speed skating federation, meaning the skaters competed in small packs of skaters (similar to [[short track speed skating]]), instead of the common against-the-clock format. These Games in [[Lake Placid, New York]] also saw the first female speed skaters at the Olympics, although their events were only demonstration events. Women's events were also set to be held at the [[1940 Winter Olympics]]<ref>Kluge 1994, page ?.</ref>, which were cancelled. After the [[World War II|war]], they were withdrawn again until 1960, when the women skated 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m and 3000 m.
Following the introduction of World Sprint Championships in the early 1970s, the 1000 m for men was added in [[1976 Winter Olympics|Innsbruck 1976]], while the women's 5000 m, reinstated by the ISU as an official distance in 1981, made its Olympic debut in [[1988 Winter Olympics|1988]]. The latest addition to the Olympic speed skating programme is the team pursuit, which was added for the [[2006 Winter Olympics|2006 Turin Games]]. Its inclusion was remarkable as it had not yet been contested at a senior World Championship in the form skated at the Olympics at the time of inclusion. It is not true that it had not yet been contested at a senior World Championship, the Dutch team won the 2005 title in [[Eisstadion Inzell|Inzell]], but in that form they only had to skate once and be the fastest, while the Olympic form required three starts.
==Events==
The following table shows which events were contested at each Games. Women's events were [[demonstration sport|demonstrated]] in 1932.
<big>'''•'''</big> = ''official event'' , (d) = ''demonstration event''
{| {{OlympicYearWinterHeader|sport=Speed skating|header=Event}}
|-
|align=left| Men's 500 metres || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics - Men's 500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1928 Winter Olympics - Men's 500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics - Men's 500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics - Men's 500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics - Men's 500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 20
|-
|align=left| Men's 1000 metres
|| || || || || || || || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 9
|-
|align=left| Men's 1500 metres || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics - Men's 1500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1928 Winter Olympics - Men's 1500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics - Men's 1500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics - Men's 1500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics - Men's 1500 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 20
|-
|align=left| Men's 5000 metres || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics - Men's 5000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1928 Winter Olympics - Men's 5000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics - Men's 5000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics - Men's 5000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics - Men's 5000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 20
|-
|align=left| Men's 10000 metres || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics - Men's 10000 metres|•]]'''</big> ||[[Speed skating at the 1928 Winter Olympics - Men's 10000 metres|•]]<ref name=1928_10k>The 10000 m event at the 1928 games had to be cancelled due to poor ice conditions.</ref>|| <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics - Men's 10000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics - Men's 10000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics - Men's 10000 metres|•]]'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 19
|-
|align=left| Men's all-round || <big>'''[[Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics - Men's all-round|•]]'''</big> || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1
|-
|align=left| Men's team pursuit || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || 1
|-
|align=left| Women's 500 metres || || || [[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics - Women's 500 metres|(d)]] || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 13
|-
|align=left| Women's 1000 metres || || || [[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics - Women's 1000 metres|(d)]] || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 13
|-
|align=left| Women's 1500 metres || || || [[Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics - Women's 1500 metres|(d)]] || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 13
|-
|align=left| Women's 3000 metres || || || || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 13
|-
|align=left| Women's 5000 metres || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || <big>'''•'''</big> || 6
|-
|align=left| Women's team pursuit || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || <big>'''•'''</big> || 1
|- bgcolor=lightgray
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|align=left| ''Total Events'' || 5 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 12
|}
==Medal table==
{{see also|List of Olympic medalists in speed skating}}
{| {{RankedMedalTable}}
|-
|1||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|USA}} || 28 || 20 || 15 || 63
|-
|2||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|NOR}} || 25 || 28 || 26 || 79
|-
|3||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|NED}} || 24 || 28 || 23 || 75
|-
|4||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|URS}} || 24 || 17 || 19 || 60
|-
|5||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|GER}} || 12 || 12 || 10 || 34
|-
|6||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|GDR}} || 8 || 12 || 9 || 29
|-
|7||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|FIN}} || 7 || 8 || 9 || 24
|-
|8||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|SWE}} || 7 || 4 || 5 || 16
|-
|9||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|CAN}} || 6 || 10 || 12 || 28
|-
|10||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|RUS}} || 3 || 3 || 2 || 8
|-
|11||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|FRG}} || 3 || 0 || 0 || 3
|-
|12||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|ITA}} || 2 || 0 || 1 || 3
|-
|13||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|JPN}} || 1 || 3 || 8 || 12
|-
|14||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|AUT}} || 1 || 2 || 3 || 6
|-
|15||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|EUA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|16||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|CHN}} || 0 || 3 || 2 || 5
|-
|rowspan=2|17||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|POL}} || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2
|-
|align=left| {{flagIOCteam|KOR}} || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2
|-
|rowspan=2|19||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|PRK}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
|align=left| {{flagIOCteam|BLR}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
|rowspan=2|21||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|BEL}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
|align=left| {{flagIOCteam|KAZ}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1
|}
==Number of Speed skaters by Nation==
{| {{OlympicYearWinterHeader|sport=Speed skating|header=Nation}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=AUS|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1936=1 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=AUT|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1928=3 |1936=8 |1948=3 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=BEL|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=4 |1936=2 |1948=1 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=CAN|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=1 |1928=3 |1932=7 |1936=1 |1948=4 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=TCH|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1936=2 |1948=1 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=DEN|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1948=1 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=EST|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1928=2 |1936=1 |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=FIN|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=3 |1928=6 |1932=1 |1936=5 |1948=5 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=FRA|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=4 |1928=2 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=GER|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1928=3 |1936=2 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=GBR|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=4 |1928=3 |1948=5 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=HUN|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1928=1 |1936=1 |1948=5 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=ITA|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1948=4 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=JPN|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1932=4 |1936=7 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=LAT|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=1 |1928=1 |1936=3 |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=LTU|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1928=1 |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=NED|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1928=2 |1936=5 |1948=4 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=NOR|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=5 |1928=8 |1932=6 |1936=7 |1948=12 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=POL|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=1 |1936=1 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=KOR|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1948=3 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=SWE|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=2 |1928=1 |1932=1 |1936=1 |1948=6 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=SUI|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1948=5 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
{{OlympicNationWinterRow|NOC=USA|season=Winter|sport=Speed skating
|1924=6 |1928=4 |1932=12 |1936=5 |1948=9 |1952= |1956= |1960= |1964= |1968= |1972= |1976= |1980= |1984= |1988= |1992= |1994= |1998= |2002= |2006= |total=}}
|-
|colspan=21 bgcolor=lightgray|
|-
|align=left| ''Nations'' || 10 || 14 || 6 || 16 || 15 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|align=left| ''Speed skaters'' || 31 || 40 || 31 || 52 || 68 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
{{OlympicYearWinterFooter|sport=Speed skating|close=20}}
|}
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* Kluge, Volker. ''Olympische Winterspiele: Die Chronik - Chamonix 1924 - Lillehammer 1994''. Berlin, Germany: Sportverlag, 2nd revised and updated edition, 1994. ISBN 3-328-00631-1
{{refend}}
{{Olympic Games Speed skating}}
{{OlympicSports}}
[[Category:Speed skating at the Olympics| ]]
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