Spider taxonomy 4189933 225830088 2008-07-15T16:24:00Z Rickremember 6160998 /* Infraorder Araneomorphae */ Added info <!-- remove taxobox, not a taxon article {{Taxobox | name = Spiders | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Arachnida]] | ordo = '''[[Araneae]]''' | ordo_authority = [[Carl Alexander Clerck|Clerck]], [[1757]] | diversity_link = Spider families | diversity = 111 families | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = ''see table'' }} --> '''Spider taxonomy''' is the [[alpha taxonomy]] of the [[spider]]s, members of the Araneae [[order (biology)|order]] of the [[Arthropoda|arthropod]] [[class (biology)|class]] [[Arachnida]] with about 40,000 described species. However there are likely many species that have escaped the human eye to this day, and many [[specimen (biology)|specimens]] stored in [[collection (museum)|collections]] waiting to be described and classified. It is estimated that only one third to one fifth of existing species have been described. [[Arachnology]] currently divides [[spider]]s into three [[suborder (biology)|suborder]]s with about 38 [[superfamily|superfamilies]], and 111 [[family (taxonomy)|families]]. Seven of the 111 families are ''[[incertae sedis]]'', meaning that their placement into superfamilies is not agreed upon; several other families are not placed in any superfamily. Due to constant research, with new species being discovered every month and others being recognized as [[synonym (zoology)|synonyms]], the number of species in the families is bound to change and can never reflect the present status with total accuracy. Nevertheless, the species numbers given here are useful as a guideline. See a table of [[Araneae families]] at the end of the article with some [[genera]] and [[species (biology)|species]] listed for each family (only identified species are included). ==Suborder Mesothelae== [[Image:Sphodros rufipes non-crossing chel.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Digitally enhanced image of a Sphodros rufipes that shows the nearly perfectly vertical orientation of the chelicerae, a prime characteristic of the Mygalomorphae.]] [[Mesothelae]] resemble the [[Solifugae]] ("wind scorpions" or "sun scorpions") in having segmented plates on their abdomens that create the appearance of the segmented abdomens of these other arachnids. They are both few in number and also limited in geographical range. *[[Arthrolycosidae]] (primitive spiders) *[[Arthromygalidae]] (primitive spiders) *[[Liphistiidae]] (primitive burrowing spiders) ==Suborder Opisthothelae== Suborder [[Opisthothelae]] contains the spiders that have no plates on their abdomens. It can be somewhat difficult on casual inspection to determine whether the chelicerae of members are of the sort that would put them into the infraorder of the mygalomorphs or the infraorder of the Araneomorphs. The spiders that are called "[[tarantulas]]" in English are so large and hairy that inspection of their chelicerae is hardly necessary to categorize one of them as a Mygalomorph. Other, smaller, members of this suborder, however, look little different from the Araneomorphs. (See the picture of the Sphodros rufipes below.) Many Araneomorphs are immediately identifiable as such since they are found on webs designed for the capture of prey or exhibit other habitat choices that eliminate the possibility that they could by Mygalomorphs. ===Infraorder Mygalomorphae=== [[Image:Chopstick fangs.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Digitally modified photograph showing "chopsticks" orientation of the chelicerae of the Araneomorphae.]] Spiders in infraorder [[Mygalomorphae]] are characterized by the vertical orientation of their chelicerae and the possession of four book lungs. ===Infraorder Araneomorphae=== Most, if not all, of the spiders one encounters in everyday life belong to infraorder [[Araneomorphae]]. It includes a wide range from the spiders that weave their beautiful orb webs in the garden, the more chaotic-looking webs of the cobweb spiders that frequent window frames and the corners of rooms, the crab spiders that lurk waiting for nectar- and pollen-gathering insects on flowers, to the jumping spiders that patrol the outside walls of a dwelling, and so on. They are characterized by having [[chelicerae]] whole tips approach each other as they bite, and (usually) having one pair of book lungs. Some important spider families are :- *Pholcidae ([[daddy long-legs spider]]s) These spiders are frequently seen in cellars. When light contact disturbs their web their characteristic response is to set the entire web moving the way a person would jump up and down on a trampoline. It is unclear why they cause their webs to vibrate in this way; moving their webs back and forward may increase the possibility that insects flying close by may be ensnared, or the rapid gyrations caused by the spider in its web may make the spider harder to target by predators. *Plectreuridae ([[plectreurid spider]]s) [[Image:Megaphobema robusta.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''Megaphobema robusta'', one of the many kinds of spiders called "[[Tarantula]]s"]] *Salticidae ([[jumping spider]]s) The family of Araneae commonly called jumping spiders have a characteristic cephalothorax shapes, as shown in the diagram below. They have eight eyes, two of the very prominent, and excellent vision. Their maximum size is perhaps 13/16 inch (20 mm), but many species are much smaller than that. The largest North American species such as Phidippus regius, P. octopunctatis, etc., are so heavy bodied that they cannot jump far. The smaller species of jumping spider can jump many times their own body length. They hunt by first getting within range of a prey animal such as a fly, securing a silken "climbing rope" to their current perch, and then jumping onto their prey and biting it. Many seem to take unerring aim at the neck of their prey. Should they jump from one twig to another in an attempt to capture prey and miss or get knocked off the second twig by their struggling prey then they are protected from falling by their silken lifeline. At night these spiders usually retreat to a silken "puptent" that they construct for their own protection and, when needed, as a place to deposit their eggs. They are frequently seen in sunlit areas on walls, tree trunks, and other such vertical surfaces. They are perhaps the only family of spiders who will take cognizance of a human in their general area and then turn their bodies and elevate their cephalothoraxes to keep the human under observation. If approached closely, e.g., with the lens of a camera, some of them may choose to jump onto the nearby object to explore it. This behavior may be alarming but it never seems to be aggressive since these spiders are unwilling to attack prey that are very much larger than they are. {| |- |[[Image:Salticidae cephalothorax di.jpg|thumb|220px|"Squared-off" cephalothorax of the jumping spiders.]] |[[Image:Salticidae eyes diag.jpg|thumb|220px|Eye pattern of the jumping spiders.]] |} <br clear=right /> ==Table of Families== Families listed in '''boldface''' contain one or more species which are believed to be [[Poisonous spiders|venomous to humans]]. {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |- |bgcolor="white" | 1 || bgcolor="lightblue" | <10 || bgcolor="lightgreen" | >=10 || bgcolor="#FFFFAA" | >=100 || bgcolor="pink" | >=1000 |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |+'''Spider families''' |+''(July 20, 2007)'' |- ! Suborder || Superfamily || Family || Genera || Species || Common name || Example |- | style="background:#C3C3C3" | [[Mesothelae]] || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Liphistiidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 5 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Liphistiidae species|87]] || ''segmented spiders'' || [[Kimura-gumo]] |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | [[Mygalomorphae]] || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Mecicobothrioidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Mecicobothriidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 4 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Mecicobothriidae species|9]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''dwarf tarantulas'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Microstigmatidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 7 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Microstigmatidae species|14]] || || ''[[Envia garciai]]'' |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Hexatheloidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Hexathelidae]]''' || style="background:lightgreen" | 11 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Hexathelidae species|86]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''venomous funnel-web tarantulas'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Atrax robustus|Sydney funnel-web spider]] |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Dipluroidea]] || [[Dipluridae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 24 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Dipluridae species|175]] || ''funnel-web tarantulas'' || [[Microhexura montivaga|Spruce-fir moss spider]] |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Nemesioidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Nemesiidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 41 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Nemesiidae species|339]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Aname atra|Black wishbone spider]] |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Theraphosoidea]] || [[Theraphosidae]] || style="background:#FFFFAA" | 113 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Theraphosidae species|903]] || ''tarantulas'' || [[Goliath birdeater]] |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Paratropididae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 4 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Paratropididae species|8]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''baldlegged spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Barycheloidea]] || [[Barychelidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 44 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Barychelidae species|300]] || ''trapdoor baboon spiders'' || ''[[Sason sundaicum]]'' |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Atypoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Atypidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 3 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Atypidae species|43]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''purse web spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Sphodros rufipes|Red legged purseweb spider]] |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Antrodiaetidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Antrodiaetidae species|32]] || ''folding trapdoor spiders'' || ''[[Atypoides riversi]]'' |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Cyrtauchenioidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Cyrtaucheniidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 18 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Cyrtaucheniidae species|126]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''wafer trapdoor spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Aptostichus simus]]'' |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Idiopoidea]] || [[Idiopidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 22 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Idiopidae species|281]] || || [[Black rugose trapdoor spider]] |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Ctenizoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Ctenizidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 9 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Ctenizidae species|121]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''cork-lid trapdoor spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Cteniza sauvagesi]]'' |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Migoidea]] || [[Migidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 10 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Migidae species|91]] || ''tree trapdoor spiders'' || |- | style="background:#DBDBDB" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Actinopodidae]]''' || style="background:lightblue" | 3 || style="background:lightgreen" |[[List of Actinopodidae species|41 ]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Mouse spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | [[Araneomorphae]] || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Hypochiloidea]] || [[Hypochilidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Hypochilidae species|11]] || ''lampshade spiders'' || ''[[Hypochilus thorelli]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Austrochiloidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Austrochilidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 3 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Austrochilidae species|9]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Tasmanian cave spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Gradungulidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 7 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Gradungulidae species|16]] || ''large-clawed spiders'' || [[Progradungula carraiensis|Carrai Cave Spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Filistatoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Filistatidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 16 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Filistatidae species|110]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''crevice weavers'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Southern house spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Scytodoidea]] || [[Drymusidae]] || style="background:none" | 1 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Drymusidae species|14]] || ''false violin spiders'' || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Periegopidae]] || style="background:none" | 1 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Periegopidae species|2]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Scytodidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 5 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Scytodidae species|192]] || ''spitting spiders'' || ''[[Scytodes thoracica]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Sicariidae]]''' || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Sicariidae species|122]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''recluse spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Brown recluse]]''' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Leptonetoidea]] || [[Leptonetidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 15 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Leptonetidae species|201]] || ''leptonetid spiders'' || [[Tooth cave spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Ochyroceratidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 14 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Ochyroceratidae species|154]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''midget ground weavers'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Theotima minutissima]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Telemidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 7 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Telemidae species|22]] || ''long-legged cave spiders'' || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Pholcoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Diguetidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Diguetidae species|15]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''coneweb spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Pholcidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 81 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Pholcidae species|969]] || ''daddy long-legs spiders'' || [[Pholcus phalangioides|Daddy long-leg spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Plectreuridae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Plectreuridae species|30]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''plectreurid spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Caponioidea]] || [[Caponiidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 11 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Caponiidae species|70]] || || [[Diploglena capensis|Two-eyed orange spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Tetrablemmidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 29 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Tetrablemmidae species|126]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''armored spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Dysderoidea]] || [[Dysderidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 24 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Dysderidae species|494]] || ''woodlouse hunter spiders'' || [[Woodlouse spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Oonopidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 72 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Oonopidae species|487]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''dwarf hunting spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Oonops domesticus]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Orsolobidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 28 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Orsolobidae species|178]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Segestriidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 3 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Segestriidae species|106]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''tubeweb spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Segestria florentina]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Eresoidea]] || [[Eresidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 10 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Eresidae species|101]] || ''velvet spiders'' || [[Eresus|Ladybird spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Hersiliidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 11 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Hersiliidae species|158]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''tree trunk spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Hersilia (genus)|Two-tailed spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Oecobiidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 6 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Oecobiidae species|103]] || ''disc web spiders'' || ''[[Oecobius navus]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Archaeoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Archaeidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 3 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Archaeidae species|25]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''pelican spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Assassin spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Holarchaeidae]] || style="background:none" | 1 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Holarchaeidae species|2]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Mecysmaucheniidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 7 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Mecysmaucheniidae species|25]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Micropholcommatidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 8 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Micropholcommatidae species|33]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Pararchaeidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 7 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Pararchaeidae species|34]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Palpimanoidea]] || [[Huttoniidae]] || style="background:none" | 1 || style="background:white" | [[List of Huttoniidae species|1]] || || ''[[Huttonia palpimanoides]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Palpimanidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 15 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Palpimanidae species|128]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''palp-footed spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Stenochilidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Stenochilidae species|12]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Mimetoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Malkaridae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 4 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Malkaridae species|10]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''shield spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Mimetidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 12 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Mimetidae species|152]] || ''pirate spiders'' || ''[[Oarces reticulatus]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Uloboroidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Deinopidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 4 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Deinopidae species|57]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''net-casting spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Rufous net-casting spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Uloboridae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 18 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Uloboridae species|264]] || ''hackled orb-weaver'' || ''[[Uloborus walckenaerius]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Araneoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Anapidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 35 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Anapidae species|145]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Araneidae]] || style="background:#FFFFAA" | 166 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Araneidae species|2845]] || ''orb-weaver spiders'' || ''[[Zygiella x-notata]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Cyatholipidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 23 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Cyatholipidae species|58]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Linyphiidae]] || style="background:#FFFFAA" | 570 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Linyphiidae species|4323]] || ''dwarf / money spiders'' || [[Blacktailed red sheetweaver]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Mysmenidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 22 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Mysmenidae species|92]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''spurred orb-weavers'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Mysmenopsis|Mysmenopsis furtiva]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Nesticidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 9 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Nesticidae species|204]] || ''cave cobweb spiders'' || ''[[Nesticella marapu]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Pimoidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 3 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Pimoidae species|26]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Pimoa altioculata]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Symphytognathidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 6 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Symphytognathidae species|45]] || ''dwarf orb-weavers'' || ''[[Patu digua]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Synaphridae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 3 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Synaphridae species|12]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Synotaxidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 13 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Synotaxidae species|68]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Tetragnathidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 51 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Tetragnathidae species|958]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''long jawed orb-weavers'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Orchard orb weaver]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Nephilidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 4 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Nephilidae species|73]] || ''large-jawed spiders'' || [[Nephila clavipes|Golden orb-web spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Theridiidae]]''' || style="background:lightgreen" | 96 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Theridiidae species|2281]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''cobweb spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Black widow spider]]''' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Theridiosomatidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 12 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Theridiosomatidae species|75]] || ''ray spiders'' || ''[[Theridiosoma gemmosum]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Lycosoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Ctenidae]]''' || style="background:lightgreen" | 39 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Ctenidae species|472]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''tropical wolf spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Brazilian wandering spider]]''' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Lycosidae]] || style="background:#FFFFAA" | 107 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Lycosidae species|2320]] || ''wolf spiders'' || ''[[Lycosa tarentula]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Oxyopidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 9 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Oxyopidae species|422]] || ''lynx spiders'' || [[Green lynx spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Pisauridae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 54 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Pisauridae species|331]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''nursery web spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Fishing spider]]s |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Psechridae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Psechridae species|24]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Senoculidae]] || style="background:none" | 1 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Senoculidae species|31]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Stiphidiidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 13 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Stiphidiidae species|94]] || || ''[[Tartarus mullamullangensis]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Trechaleidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 17 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Trechaleidae species|78]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Zoridae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 13 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Zoridae species|74]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Zorocratidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 5 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Zorocratidae species|21]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''zorocratid spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Zoropsidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 12 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Zoropsidae species|76]] || ''zoropsid spiders'' || ''[[Zoropsis spinimana]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Agelenoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | '''[[Agelenidae]]''' || style="background:lightgreen" | 41 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Agelenidae species|508]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''araneomorph funnel-web spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Hobo spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Amphinectidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 36 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Amphinectidae species|187]] || || ''[[Metaltella simoni]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Amaurobioidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Amaurobiidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 71 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Amaurobiidae species|679]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''tangled nest spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Callobius claustrarius]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Dictynoidea]] || [[Anyphaenidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 56 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Anyphaenidae species|508]] || ''anyphaenid sac spiders'' || [[Hibana velox|Yellow ghost spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Cybaeidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 12 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Cybaeidae species|157]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Water spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Desidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 38 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Desidae species|182]] || ''intertidal spiders'' || [[Phryganoporus candidus|Foliage webbing spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Dictynidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 48 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Dictynidae species|563]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''dictynid spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Nigma walckenaeri]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Hahniidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 26 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Hahniidae species|235]] || ''dwarf sheet spiders'' || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Nicodamidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 9 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Nicodamidae species|29]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Sparassoidea]] || [[Sparassidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 83 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Sparassidae species|1018]] || ''huntsman spiders'' || [[Avondale spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Selenopoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Selenopidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 4 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Selenopidae species|190]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''wall spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Selenops radiatus]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Zodaroidea]] || [[Zodariidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 74 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Zodariidae species|845]] || ''zodariid ground spiders'' || ''[[Zodarion germanicum]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Tengelloidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Tengellidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 8 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Tengellidae species|37]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''tengellid spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | ''[[incertae sedis]]'' || [[Chummidae]] || style="background:none" | 1 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Chummidae species|2]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Clubionidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 14 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Clubionidae species|541]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''sac spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Clubiona trivialis]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || | [[Cycloctenidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 5 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Cycloctenidae species|36]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Homalonychidae]] || style="background:none" | 1 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Homalonychidae species|3]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#EAEAEA" | || '''[[Miturgidae]]''' || style="background:lightgreen" | 26 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Miturgidae species|353]] || ''long-legged sac spiders'' || [[Yellow sac spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Titanoecoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Phyxelididae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 12 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Phyxelididae species|54]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Titanoecidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 5 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Titanoecidae species|46]] || ''titanoecid spiders'' || ''[[Goeldia obscura]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Gnaphosoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Ammoxenidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 4 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Ammoxenidae species|18]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Cithaeronidae]] || style="background:lightblue" | 2 || style="background:lightblue" | [[List of Cithaeronidae species|6]] || || |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Gallieniellidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 10 || style="background:lightgreen" | [[List of Gallieniellidae species|48]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Gnaphosidae]] || style="background:#FFFFAA" | 114 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Gnaphosidae species|1990]] || ''flat-bellied ground spiders'' || ''[[Drassodes|Drassodes lapidosus]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Lamponidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 23 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Lamponidae species|191]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''white-tailed spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[White-tailed spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || [[Prodidomidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 31 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Prodidomidae species|303]] || ''long-spinneret ground spiders'' || ''[[Lygromma anops]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Trochanteriidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 18 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Trochanteriidae species|149]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Thomisoidea]] || [[Philodromidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 29 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Philodromidae species|522]] || ''philodromid crab spiders'' || ''[[Philodromus dispar]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Thomisidae]] || style="background:#FFFFAA" | 171 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Thomisidae species|2062]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''crab spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Misumena vatia|Goldenrod spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[Salticoidea]] || [[Salticidae]] || style="background:#FFFFAA" | 559 || style="background:pink" | [[List of Salticidae species|5088]] || ''jumping spiders'' || [[Salticus scenicus|Zebra spider]] |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | [[Corinnoidea]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | [[Corinnidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 77 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Corinnidae species|935]] || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''dark sac spiders'' || style="background:#FFF5EE" | ''[[Castianeira|Castianeira sp.]]'' |- | style="background:#EAEAEA" | || style="background:#DADADA" | || [[Liocranidae]] || style="background:lightgreen" | 29 || style="background:#FFFFAA" | [[List of Liocranidae species|160]] || ''liocranid sac spiders'' || |- ! 3 || ca. 38 || 108 || 3676 || 39882 || || Total |} :Sources: :*[http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/COUNTS.html The World Spider Catalog, Version 8.0] (families, species count) :*[http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/acari/Araneae1.htm Synopsis of the described Araneae of the World] (suborders) ==See also== ==References== * Reiskind, J. (1965). The Taxonomic Problem of Sexual Dimorphism in Spiders and a Synonymy in ''Myrmecotypus'' (Araneae, Clubionidae). ''Psyche 72:279-281 [http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/72/72-279.pdf PDF] ==External links== * [http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-inst.html Abbreviations for Insect and Spider Collections of the World] * [http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp?article=23&nfv=#9 International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] {{Spider nav}} [[Category:Spiders|Taxonomy, Aranae]] es:Taxonomía de las arañas [[ca:Classificació de les aranyes]] [[de:Systematik der Echten Webspinnen]] [[es:Taxonomía de las arañas]] [[ko:거미분류학]] [[hu:A pókok rendszertana]]