Spruance class destroyer
533113
225036510
2008-07-11T16:05:55Z
Roger Hui
446343
/* Class */ wikified Kidd class
{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
|Ship image=[[Image:USSSpruanceDD-963.jpg|300px|USS Spruance (DD-963)]]
|Ship caption=USS ''Spruance'' (DD-963) shown with VLS
}}
{{Infobox Ship Class Overview
|Name='''''Spruance'' class destroyer'''
|Builders=[[Ingalls Shipbuilding]], [[Pascagoula, Mississippi]]
|Operators={{navy|USA}}
|Class before=[[Charles F. Adams class destroyer]]
|Class after=[[Kidd class destroyer|''Kidd class'' destroyer]]
|Subclasses=
|Built range=1972-1983
|In commission range=1975-2005
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=31
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=1 (''Paul F. Foster'') as SDTS
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=30
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Destroyer]]
|Ship displacement={{Spruance class destroyer displacement}}
|Ship length={{Spruance class destroyer length}}
|Ship beam={{Spruance class destroyer beam}}
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft={{Spruance class destroyer draft}}
|Ship propulsion={{Spruance class destroyer propulsion}}
|Ship speed={{Spruance class destroyer speed}}
|Ship range={{Spruance class destroyer range}}
|Ship complement={{Spruance class destroyer complement}}
|Ship sensors={{Spruance class destroyer sensors}}
|Ship EW={{Spruance class destroyer EW}}AN/WLR 1 in DD-971 & DD-975.
|Ship armament=2 x [[5"/54 caliber Mark 45 gun|5 in (127 mm) 54 calibre Mark 45 dual purpose guns]]<br />2 x 20 mm [[Phalanx CIWS]] Mark 15 guns; 1 x 8 cell [[ASROC]] launcher<br />1 x 8 cell [[NATO]] [[Sea Sparrow]] Mark 29 missile launcher<br />2 x quadruple [[Boeing Harpoon|Harpoon]] missile canisters<br />2 x [[Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes|Mark 32 triple]] 12.75 in (324 mm) torpedo tubes ([[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46 torpedoes]])<br />2 x quadruple ABL Mark 43 [[BGM-109 Tomahawk|Tomahawk]] missile launchers (some ships of the class)<br />1 x 21 cell [[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile|Rolling Airframe Missile]] launcher in some ships.<br />A 61-cell Mark 41 VLS launcher for [[BGM-109 Tomahawk|Tomahawk]]/[[ASROC]] missiles was fitted to 24 ships in place of the 8-cell ASROC launcher.
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft={{Spruance class destroyer aircraft}}
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
The '''''Spruance''-class destroyer''' was developed by the United States to replace a large number of [[World War II]]-built [[Allen M. Sumner class destroyer|''Allen M. Sumner''-]] and [[Gearing class destroyer|''Gearing''-class]] destroyers, and was the primary [[destroyer]] built for the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] during the 1970s.
==Class==
The class was designed for [[submarine|anti-submarine]] warfare (ASW) with point defense [[anti-aircraft warfare]] (AAW) missiles; upgrades provided anti-ship and land attack capabilities. The ships were initially controversial, especially among members of the [[United States Congress]] who believed that their unimposing looks, with only two guns and an [[ASROC]] or [[Armored Box Launcher]] (ABL) missile launcher per ship implied that the vessels were weak. Nonetheless, they were very successful for their intended ASW roles. Despite their "DD" designation indicating gun destroyers, their primary armament was the missiles they carried, and they should properly have been designated DDG (or perhaps CG, given that they were comparable in size to cruisers) under the US Navy's [[hull classification symbol]] system. Ironically enough, the DDG-1000 [[Zumwalt class destroyer]]s are to be built around the 6.1" advanced gun system and thus properly deserving of the unmodified DD hull classification symbol.
[[Image:Spruance-class.jpg|thumb|left|Six Spruance class destroyers fitting out, circa May 1975.]]
The "Spru-cans" were the first large U.S. Navy ships to use [[gas turbine]] propulsion; they have four [[General Electric LM2500]] gas turbines to generate about 80,000 horsepower (60 MW). This configuration was so successful that its hull and physical plant were used for the later [[Kidd class destroyer|''Kidd''-class destroyers]], and a slightly lengthened version of the hull was used for the [[Ticonderoga class cruiser|''Ticonderoga''-class cruisers]].
The entire class of 30 ships was contracted on [[June 23]], [[1970]] to the [[Ingalls Shipbuilding|Litton-Ingalls]] shipyard in [[Pascagoula, Mississippi]], under the [[Total Package Procurement]] concept originated by the [[Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)|Whiz Kids]] of [[Robert McNamara]]'s [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]. The idea was to reap the benefits of mass construction, but labor and technical problems caused cost overruns and delayed construction.{{Fact|date=March 2008}} One additional ship, [[USS Hayler (DD-997)|USS ''Hayler'']], was ordered on [[September 29]], [[1979]]. USS HAYLER was originally planned as a "DDH" (Destroyer, Helicopter) design, which would carry more Anti-Submarine helicopters than the standard design of the SPRUANCE class. Eventually this plan to build a DDH was scrapped and a slightly modified DD-963 class hull was put in commission. Four additional ships were built for the Iranian Navy with the Mark 26/Standard AAW missile system but were completed as [[Kidd class destroyer|''Kidd''-class destroyers]] for the U.S. Navy.
==Upgrades==
The Spruance design is modular in nature, allowing for easy installation of entire subsystems within the ship. Although originally designed for anti-submarine warfare, 24 ships of this class were upgraded with the installation of a 61 cell Vertical Launch Missile System (VLS) capable of launching [[BGM-109 Tomahawk|Tomahawk]] missiles. The remaining seven ships not upgraded were decommissioned early. At least ten VLS ships, ie. ''Cushing'' and ''O'Bannon'', had a 21 cell [[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile]] launcher mounted on the starboard fantail.
* ''David R. Ray'' tested the RAM system in the 1980s, but had the system removed after the tests.
* ''Oldendorf'' was the test platform for the ''AN/SPQ-9B'' Anti-ship Missile Defense (ASMD) Firecontrol Radar to be outfitted on the [[San Antonio class amphibious transport dock]]. The AN/SPQ-9B is used to detect all known and projected sea skimming missiles.
* ''Arthur W. Radford'' tested the [[Advanced Enclosed Mast/Sensor]] system which helped in the mast design of [[San Antonio class amphibious transport dock]] ships.
* ''Merrill'' served as the Navy's test platform for the Tomahawk Cruise Missile Program receiving armored box launchers and test launching a Tomahawk [[March 19]] [[1980]]. ''Merrill'' carried two ABLs and an ASROC launcher into the 1990s until the ASROC launcher was removed.
Spruance class destroyers fired 112 land attack Tomahawks during Operation Desert Storm.<ref>[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/dd-963.htm DD-963 SPRUANCE-class - Navy Ships<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Fate==
The last Spruance-class destroyer on active service, [[USS Cushing (DD-985)|USS ''Cushing'']], was decommissioned on [[September 21]], [[2005]]. It was then offered to the [[Pakistan Navy]] under a "free deal (any 2nd hand military equipment to be given for free to Pakistan -- The deal was awarded along with [[Major non-NATO ally]] or MNNA Status)."
The majority of the class finished their lives as targets, being deliberately sunk in various fleet exercises.
[[Larry Blumberg]] was the first commanding officer of a Spruance-class destroyer.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
==Units==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
!Ship Name
!Hull No.
!Commission–<br />Decommission
!Disposition
!Link
|-
|[[USS Spruance (DD-963)|''Spruance'']]
|DD-963
|1975-2005
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD963.htm]
|-
|[[USS Paul F. Foster (DD-964)|''Paul F. Foster'']]
|DD-964
|1976-2003
|Active, in service as EDD-964
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD964.htm] [http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/EDD964.htm]
|-
|[[USS Kinkaid (DD-965)|''Kinkaid'']]
|DD-965
|1976-2003
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD965.htm]
|-
|[[USS Hewitt (DD-966)|''Hewitt'']]
|DD-966
|1976-2001
|Disposed of by scrapping, dismantling
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD966.htm]
|-
|[[USS Elliot (DD-967)|''Elliot'']]
|DD-967
|1977-2003
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD967.htm]
|-
|[[USS Arthur W. Radford (DD-968)|''Arthur W. Radford'']]
|DD-968
|1977-2003
|Stricken, to be disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD968.htm]
|-
|[[USS Peterson (DD-969)|''Peterson'']]
|DD-969
|1977-2002
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD969.htm]
|-
|[[USS Caron (DD-970)|''Caron'']]
|DD-970
|1977-2001
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD970.htm]
|-
|[[USS David R. Ray (DD-971)|''David R. Ray '']]
|DD-971
|1977-2002
|Stricken, to be disposed of
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD971.htm]
|-
|[[USS Oldendorf (DD-972)|''Oldendorf'']]
|DD-972
|1978-2003
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD972.htm]
|-
|[[USS John Young (DD-973)|''John Young'']]
|DD-973
|1978-2002
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD973.htm]
|-
|[[USS Comte de Grasse (DD-974)|''Comte de Grasse'']]
|DD-974
|1978-1998
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD974.htm]
|-
|[[USS O'Brien (DD-975)|''O'Brien'']]
|DD-975
|1977-2004
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD975.htm]
|-
|[[USS Merrill (DD-976)|''Merrill'']]
|DD-976
|1978-1998
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD976.htm]
|-
|[[USS Briscoe (DD-977)|''Briscoe'']]
|DD-977
|1978-2003
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD977.htm]
|-
|[[USS Stump (DD-978)|''Stump'']]
|DD-978
|1978-2004
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD978.htm]
|-
|[[USS Conolly (DD-979)|''Conolly '']]
|DD-979
|1978-1998
|Stricken, available for donation as a museum and memorial
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD979.htm]
|-
|[[USS Moosbrugger (DD-980)|''Moosbrugger'']]
|DD-980
|1978-2000
|Disposed of by scrapping, dismantling
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD980.htm]
|-
|[[USS John Hancock (DD-981)|''John Hancock'']]
|DD-981
|1978-2000
|Disposed of by scrapping, dismantling
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD981.htm]
|-
|[[USS Nicholson (DD-982)|''Nicholson'']]
|DD-982
|1979-2002
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD982.htm]
|-
|[[USS John Rodgers (DD-983)|''John Rodgers'']]
|DD-983
|1979-1998
|Disposed of by scrapping, dismantling
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD983.htm]
|-
|[[USS Leftwich (DD-984)|''Leftwich'']]
|DD-984
|1979-1998
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD984.htm]
|-
|[[USS Cushing (DD-985)|''Cushing'']]
|DD-985
|1979-2005
|Stricken, to be disposed of by Foreign Military Sale
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD985.htm]
|-
|[[USS Harry W. Hill (DD-986)|''Harry W. Hill'']]
|DD-986
|1979-1998
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD986.htm]
|-
|[[USS O'Bannon (DD-987)|''O'Bannon'']]
|DD-987
|1979-2005
|Stricken, to be disposed of by Foreign Military Sale
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD987.htm]
|-
|[[USS Thorn (DD-988)|''Thorn'']]
|DD-988
|1980-2004
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD988.htm]
|-
|[[USS Deyo (DD-989)|''Deyo'']]
|DD-989
|1980-2003
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD989.htm]
|-
|[[USS Ingersoll (DD-990)|''Ingersoll'']]
|DD-990
|1980-1998
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD990.htm]
|-
|[[USS Fife (DD-991)|''Fife'']]
|DD-991
|1980-2003
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD991.htm]
|-
|[[USS Fletcher (DD-992)|''Fletcher'']]
|DD-992
|1980-2004
|Stricken, to be disposed of by Foreign Military Sale
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD992.htm]
|-
|[[USS Hayler (DD-997)|''Hayler'']]
|DD-997
|1983-2003
|Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise
|[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/DD997.htm]
|}
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:USS Fife;0599115.jpg|starboard quarter view of ''Fife''
Image:USS Ingersoll DD-990.jpg|''Ingersoll'' with only ASROC launcher forward, as all destroyers were initially built. Image also shows an example of black masts and no Phalanx CIWS
Image:USS Deyo (DD-989).jpg|''Deyo'' with ASROC and ABL's forward.
Image:USS Deyo;0598917.jpg|starboard bow view of ''Deyo'', VLS equipped
Image:Kidd class vs Spruance class.jpg|Kidd class compared to Spruance class
Image:Spruance and Ticonderoga lead ships in class.jpg|Ticonderoga class cruiser compared to the Spruance class
Image:USS ARTHUR W. RADFORD (DD 968) arrives at Crete.jpg|''Arthur W. Radford'' with experimental mast
Image:USS Cushing;0598507.jpg|''Cushing'' with VLS forward and RAM launcher on fantail
Image:USS Hayler explodes.jpg|''Haylor'', the last ''Spruance'' destroyer, is sunk
</gallery>
==See also==
{{commonscat|Spruance class destroyers}}
* [[Ship decommissioning]]
== References ==
<references/>
==External links==
*[http://www.destroyerhistory.org/coldwar/spruanceclass.html ''Spruance''-class destroyers] at [http://www.destroyerhistory.org/index.html Destroyer History Foundation]
*[http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,77803,00.html News story: "Last Spruance-Class Destroyer Decommissioned"]
{{Spruance class destroyer}}
[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
[[Category:Spruance class destroyers| ]]
[[de:Spruance-Klasse]]
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[[ja:スプルーアンス級駆逐艦]]
[[pl:Niszczyciele rakietowe typu Spruance]]
[[sl:Razred rušilcev spruance]]