Stanozolol
775005
221861061
2008-06-26T12:23:38Z
121.44.228.65
/* Use in bodybuilding */ (Spelling corrections)
{{Drugbox|
|IUPAC_name = 7β-Hydroxy-17-methyl-<br>5α-androstano[3,2-c]pyrazole
| image=Stanozolol.svg
| CAS_number=10418-03-8
| ATC_prefix=A14
| ATC_suffix=AA02
| ATC_supplemental=
| PubChem=25249
| DrugBank=
| C=21 | H=32 |N=2 |O=1
| molecular_weight = 328.49
| bioavailability= ?
| metabolism = [[Liver|Hepatic]]
| elimination_half-life= 1 day
| excretion = [[Urine|Renal]]: 84%
| pregnancy_category = X
| legal_status = Prescription only <br> ([[United States|US]])
| routes_of_administration= [[Mouth|Oral]], [[Intramuscular]]
}}
'''Stanozolol''', commonly sold under the name '''Winstrol''' (oral) and '''Winstrol Depot''' (intra-muscular), was developed by [[Winthrop Laboratories]] in [[1962]]. It is a synthetic [[anabolic steroid]] derived from [[testosterone]], and has been approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] for human use.
Unlike most injectable anabolic steroids, Stanozolol is not esterified and is sold as an [[aqueous]] suspension, or in oral tablet form. The drug has a large oral [[bioavailability]], due to a C<sub>17</sub> α-alkylation which allows the hormone to survive first pass [[liver]] metabolism when ingested. It is because of this that Stanozolol is also sold in [[tablet]] form.
Stanozolol is usually considered a safer choice for female bodybuilders in that it rewards a great amount of anabolism for a small androgenic effect, however virilization and masculinization are still very common, even at low doses.
Stanozolol has been used on both animal and human patients for a number of conditions. In humans, it has been demonstrated to be successful in treating [[anaemia]] and [[angioedema|hereditary angioedema]]. [[Veterinarian]]s may prescribe the drug to improve muscle growth, red blood cell production, increase bone density and stimulate the appetite of debilitated or weakened animals.
Stanozolol is one of the [[Anabolic steroids]] commonly used as an ergogenic aid and is banned from use in sports competition under the auspices of the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]] (IAAF) and many other sporting bodies.
==Use in bodybuilding==
Like other anabolic steroids, stanozolol is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance under federal regulation. In New York, the state legislature classifies anabolic steroids under DEA Schedule II.
Used illegally in [[bodybuilding]], typically "[[Steroid stack|stacked]]" with other testosterone-based anabolic steroids, stanozolol is liked by many due to the fact it causes strength increases without excess weight-gain, promotes increases in [[vascularity]], and will not convert to [[estrogen]]. It also does not cause excess water retention, and even sometimes is thought to have a [[diuretic]] effect on the body.
Stanozolol is commonly used by athletes and [[bodybuilders]] alike to lose fat while retaining lean body mass. It is usually used in a "cutting cycle", to help preserve lean body mass while metabolizing [[adipose]], although it has not been proven conclusively that it has any special fat-burning properties.
It is presented most commonly as a 50 mg/mL injection or a 5 mg tablet. However, recently 100 mg/mL versions have become available. A common dosage can be 10-25mg/day orally and 25-50mg daily injected, with optimal results usually seen at 50 mg/day. It is reduced to micrometer particles in aqueous suspension and does not have a typical [[elimination half-life]]. Authentic stanozolol can easily be seen, because it will separate in its container if left undisturbed for a number of hours (the micronized crystal will fall to the bottom, and the water [[Suspension (chemistry)|suspension]] will rise to the top). It has a white, milky colour.
An alternative to stanozolol is [[Furazabol]]. Furazabol's effects are virtually identical to stanozolol except that instead of having an extremely adverse effect on cholesterol values, Furazabol actually improves a person's blood lipid profile (at therapeutic doses, not performance enhancing ones).{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Sold under the trade name Mitolan, Furazabol is a standard treatment in Japan for [[hyperlipemia]].
==Publicized abuse cases==
* [[Ben Johnson (athlete)|Ben Johnson]] was stripped of his [[gold medal]] in the 100 meter [[Sprint (race)|sprint]] at the [[1988 Summer Olympics]] when he tested positive for this drug after winning the final.<ref>[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1270863,00.html
The most corrupt race ever] Guardian Unlimited, August 1, 2004</ref>
* [[Olimpiada Ivanova]] was stripped of her [[silver medal]] in the 10 kilometer [[racewalking|walk]] at the [[1997 World Championships in Athletics]] after she had tested positive for Stanozolol, and she was banned for two years.<ref>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/08/08/091.html Ivanova Sets First Record in Helsinki] The Moscow Times.com, 8-8-2005</ref>
* [[Vita Pavlysh]] was stripped of her gold medal in [[shot put]] at the [[1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships]] after she had tested positive for Stanozolol. 5 years later at the [[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships]] in [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]], she won the title again only to fail the drug test for the same reason. She was again stripped of her title and banned from athletics for life.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CE0D61731F931A35755C0A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print WOMEN'S SHOT-PUT CHAMPION BARRED FOR LIFE] The New York Times, June 2, 2004</ref>
* [[Rafael Palmeiro]] was suspended 10 days from [[Major League Baseball]] on August 1, 2005, after testing positive for steroids.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/sports/baseball/03steroids.html?ei=5090&en=c52da2e558ba4e10&ex=1280721600&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=print Popular Steroid Is at the Center of Palmeiro's Case - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> According to the published report in the ''[[New York Times]]'', Stanozolol was the steroid detected in Palmeiro's system. This came not long after he testified before the [[United States]] [[United States House of Representatives|House]] [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform|Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]] on steroid usage in baseball, and he denied ever using steroids.
* [[Barry Bonds]] is accused of using Stanozolol in ''[[Game of Shadows]]'', a book by [[Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams]] that documents the purported use of various steroids by Bonds since 1998. The accusations were first aired on 7 March 2006 by ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'', which published excerpts from the book.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
* [[Tim Sylvia]], [[mixed martial artist]], and the former [[Ultimate Fighting Championship|UFC]] Heavyweight Champion tested positive for Stanozolol after a championship bout in 2003. He was stripped of his title, and given a six month suspension by the Nevada State Athletic Commission.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
* [[Kimo Leopoldo]], [[mixed martial artist]], tested positive for Stanozolol before a match set on July 22nd 2006. The California State Athletic Commission barred Leopoldo from competing against [[Bas Rutten]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
* [[Halina Karnatsevich]], [[marathon runner]], tested positive for Stanozolol after the 2006 Grandma's Marathon. She was stripped of her 2006 title and suspended from competition for two years after testing positive for a banned substance.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
* [[Fernando Vargas]], [[Boxing|boxer]], tested positive for Stanozolol during a post-fight mandatory drug screening after his defeat by rival Oscar De La Hoya. Vargas accepted full responsibility and was consequently fined $100,000 and suspended for nine months by the Nevada State Athletic Commission.
*[[Rey Mysterio, Jr.|Rey Mysterio]], [[professional wrestler]], was accused of obtaining stanozol on March 19, 2007, when Sports Illustrated posted on its website an article in its continuing series investigating a steroid and HGH ring used by a number of professional athletes in several sports. That article mentioned several current and former WWE wrestlers, including Mysterio who was alleged to have also obtained nandrolone.
* [[Salvador Carmona]], [[football (soccer)|footballer]], tested positive for Stanozolol in 2005 and 2006. He was banned for life by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) due to repeated drug offences. Tribunal Arbitral du Sport.<ref>[http://www.tas-cas.org/en/pdf/Carmona.pdf "CAS 2006/A/1149 WADA v/ FMF & José Salvador Carmona Alvarez"], May 16, 2007 Accessed May 17, 2007</ref>
* [[Phil Baroni]], former [[UFC]] and [[PRIDE Fighting Championship]] fighter, tested positive for Stanozolol following his June 22, 2007 fight against [[Frank Shamrock]] at [[Strikeforce|Strikeforce: Judgment Day]].<ref name="mmaw">{{cite web
| url=http://www.mmaweekly.com/absolutenm/templates/dailynews.asp?articleid=4262&zoneid=13
| title=Breaking News: Phil Baroni Tests Positive
| author=Ken Pishna
| publisher=MMAWeekly.com
| date=[[2007-07-03]]
| accessdate=2007-07-03
}}
</ref>
* [[K-1]]'s ''2007 World Grand Prix in Las Vegas'' finalist [[Zabit Samedov]] tested positive for Stanozolol following the [[August 11]], [[2007]] event.<ref name="nok6">{{cite web
| url=http://www.nokaut.com/?id=12&solo_news=997&lang=e&cur=eur
| title=Two Positive at K-1 World GP Vegas
| date=[[August 17]], [[2007]]
| accessdate=2007-08-17
| publisher=[http://www.nokaut.com Nokaut]
}}
</ref>
* [[John Hennigan]] (John Morrison in [[World Wrestling Entertainment]]) was caught with having used Stanozolol between June 2006 and February 2007 and was suspended for 30 days
* [[Roger Clemens]] was reported to have been injected with Stanozolol (Winstrol) by major league strength coach [[Brian McNamee]] during the 1998 baseball season.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/13/AR2007121301076.html All-Star Roster Shows Up on Mitchell Report] washingtonpost.com, 12-13-2007</ref>
* 2008 [[Triple Crown]] hopeful [[Big Brown]] was reported to have been injected with [[Winstrol]], which is legal in some states in US horse racing, by trainer [[Richard E. Dutrow Jr.]] <ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more_sports/2008/05/15/2008-05-15_big_browns_legal_doping_a_concern.html?print=1&page=all]</ref>
==References==
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{{Anabolic steroids}}
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