Stephen Timoshenko 278413 222041356 2008-06-27T08:07:28Z Introvert 256075 rv 85.252.77.2 [[Image:Timoshenko.jpg|right|frame|Stephen Timoshenko]] '''Stephen P. Timoshenko''' or '''Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko''' ({{lang-ua|Степан Тимошенко}}, {{lang-ru|Степан Прокофьевич Тимошенко}}, [[December 22]] [[1878]] &ndash; [[May 29]] [[1972]]), is reputed to be the father of modern [[engineering mechanics]]. He wrote many of the seminal works in the areas of [[engineering mechanics]], [[Elasticity (physics)|elasticity]] and [[strength of materials]], many of which are still widely used today. == Biography == Timoshenko was born in the village of [[Shpotovka]] in [[Poltava]] <!-- ? English biographies have Chernigov gubernia--> [[Gubernia]] (currently in [[Chernihiv Oblast]], [[Ukraine]] and part of [[Russian Empire|Russia]] at the time). He studied at a "real school" in [[Romny]], [[Kharkov]] [[Gubernia]] (now in [[Sumy Oblast]]) from [[1889]] to [[1896]]. In Romny his schoolmate and friend was future famous physicist [[Abram Ioffe]]. He continued his education towards a university degree at the [[St Petersburg]] Institute of the Railways. After graduating in [[1901]], he stayed on teaching in this same institution from [[1901]] to [[1903]] and then worked at the [[Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute]] under [[Viktor Kirpichyov]] [[1903]] - [[1906]]. In [[1905]] he was sent for one year to the [[University of Göttingen]] where he worked under [[Ludwig Prandtl]]. From [[1907]] to [[1911]] he was a [[professor]] at the [[Kiev Polytechnic Institute]], where he did research in the earlier variant of the [[Finite Element Method]] of elastic calculations, the so called [[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Rayleigh]] method. During those years he also pioneered work on [[Buckling]], and published the first version of his famous ''Strength of materials'' textbook. In [[1911]] he signed a protest against Minister for Education Kasso and was fired from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. In [[1911]] he was awarded the [[Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky|Zhukovsky]] prize of the [[Russian Academy of Science]] that helped him survive after losing his job. He went to [[St Petersburg]] where he worked as a lecturer and then a Professor in the ''Electrotechnical Instute'' and the St Petersburg Institute of the Railways ([[1911]] - [[1917]]). During that time he developed the [[theory of elasticity]] and the theory of [[Beam (structure)|beam]] deflection, and continued to study buckling. In [[1918]] he returned to Kiev and assisted [[Vladimir Vernadsky]] in establishing the [[Ukrainian Academy of Sciences]] - the oldest [[Academy#Research Academy|academy]] among the [[Soviet republics]] other than Russia. After [[Anton Ivanovich Denikin|Denikin]] troops had taken Kiev in [[1919]], the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was closed and Timoshenko lost his job. In [[1920]], after the [[Bolshevik]] takeover of Kiev, Timoshenko emigrated to [[Yugoslavia]], where he held professorship at the [[Zagreb]] Polytechnic Institute. He is remembered for delivering lectures in [[Russian language|Russian]] while using as many words in [[Croatian language|Croatian]] as he could; the students were able to understand him well. ===United States=== In [[1922]] Timoshenko moved to the [[United States]] where he worked for the [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation]] from [[1923]] to [[1927]], after which he became a faculty professor in the [[University of Michigan]] where he created the first [[bachelor]]'s and [[Doctorate|doctor]]al programs in engineering mechanics. His textbooks have been published in 36 languages. His first textbooks and papers were written in [[Russian language|Russian]]; later in his life, he published mostly in [[English language|English]]. From 1936 onward he was a professor at [[Stanford University]]. In [[1964]] he moved to Wuppertal [[Western Germany]]. In [[1957]] [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers|ASME]] established a medal named after Stephen Timoshenko; he became its first recipient. The [[Timoshenko Medal]] honors Stephen P. Timoshenko as the world-renowned authority in the field of [[mechanical engineering]] and it commemorates his contributions as author and teacher. The Timoshenko Medal is given annually for distinguished contributions in applied mechanics. In addition to his textbooks, Timoshenko wrote two other books, ''Engineering Education in Russia'' and ''As I Remember'', the latter an autobiography first published in Russian in 1963 with its English translation appearing in 1968. He died in 1972 and his ashes are buried in [[Palo Alto]], California. ==Publications== * ''Applied Elasticity'', with J. M. Lessells, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1925 * ''Vibration Problems in Engineering'', D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1928, 2nd Ed. 1937, 3rd Ed. 1955 (with D. H. Young) * ''Strength of Materials'', Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1930, 2nd Ed. 1940, 3rd Ed. 1955 * ''Strength of Materials'', Part II, Advanced Theory and Problems, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1930, 2nd Ed. 1941, 3rd Ed. 1956 * ''Theory of Elasticity '', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1934, 2nd Ed. 1951 (with J. N. Goodier) * ''Elements of Strength of Materials'', D. Van Nostrand Co., 1st Ed. 1935, 2nd Ed. 1940, 3rd Ed. 1949 (with G.H. MacCullough), 4th Ed. 1962 (with D.H. Young) * ''Theory of Elastic Stability'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1936, 2nd Ed. 1961 (with J. M. Gere) * ''Engineering Mechanics'', with D.H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1937, 2nd Ed. 1940, 3rd. Ed. 1951, 4th Ed. 1956 * ''Theory of Plates and Shells '', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1940, 2nd Ed. 1959 (with S. Woinowsky-Krieger) * ''Theory of Structures'', with D. H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1945, 2nd Ed. 1965 * ''Advanced Dynamics'', with D. H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948 * ''History of The Strength of Materials'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1953 * ''Engineering Education in Russia'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1959 * ''As I Remember'', D. Van Nostrand, 1968, ASIN: B000JOIJ7I * ''Mechanics of Materials '', with J. M. Gere, 1st edition, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1972 ==External links== *[http://www.300.years.spb.ru/eng/3_spb_3.html?id=81 ''He was the first in the Pleiades of outstanding scientists'']. Biographical essay by Vladimir Tcheparukhin. *[http://smitu.cef.spbstu.ru/timoshenko_en.htm S.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Timoshenko]. Structural Mechanics and Theory of Elasticity Department of the Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University. *{{ru icon}} [http://www.ihst.ru/projects/emigrants/timoshenko.htm Тимошенко Степан Прокофьевич]. ''Timoshenko Stepan Prokofyevich''. Biographical essay by V.&nbsp;Borisov. ==References== *{{cite book| author=Stephen P. Timoshenko| title=As I Remember; The Autobiography of Stephen P. Timoshenko| publisher=Princeton, Van Nostrand| year=1968 | id=}} *{{cite book| author=C. Richard Soderberg| title=Stephen P. Timoshenko, 1878-1972: A biographical memoir| publisher=The National Academies Press (National Academy of Sciences)| year=1982 | id=}} * [http://www.nap.edu/books/0309032873/html/322.html Biographical Memoirs about Stephen P. Timoshenko (machine-read extracts)]. The [[National Academies Press]] ([[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]]) *{{cite book| author=E. H. Mansfield and D. H. Young, "Stephen P. Timoshenko," in:| title=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society| publisher= vol. 19 (London: The Royal Society, 1973) pp. 679-94 | year= | id=}} *{{cite book| title=Stephen Timoshenko |author=Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 19 | location= Toronto | publisher=University of Toronto| year=1993 | id=}} *В. Борисов, [http://www.ihst.ru/projects/emigrants/timoshenko.htm Тимошенко Степан Прокофьевич], [http://www.ihst.ru/ Institute of the History of the Natural Sciences and Technology] of the [[Russian Academy of Science]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Timoshenko, Stephen Prokofyevich}} [[Category:American engineers]] [[Category:Ukrainian engineers]] [[Category:Ukrainian expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Russian engineers]] [[Category:Russian-Americans]] [[Category:Structural engineers]] [[Category:Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University alumni]] [[Category:1878 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:People from Romny]] [[Category:Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]] [[de:Stepan Tymoschenko]] [[es:Stephen Timoshenko]] [[fr:Stephen Timoshenko]] [[ko:스티븐 티모셴코]] [[it:Stepan Prokof'evič Timošenko]] [[he:סטפן טימושנקו]] [[ru:Тимошенко, Степан Прокофьевич]] [[uk:Тимошенко Степан Прокопович]]