Street food 1795705 225374868 2008-07-13T10:21:14Z SmackBot 433328 Date the maintenance tags or general fixes {{Refimprove|date=September 2007}} [[Image:Fruit Stand.JPG|thumb|A portable fruit stand in [[Manhattan]].]] '''Street food''' is food obtainable from a [[Hawker (trade)|streetside vendor]], often from a makeshift or portable [[market stall|stall]]. While some street foods are regional, many are not, having spread beyond their region of origin. The food and green groceries sold in [[farmers' markets]] may also fall into this category, including the food exhibited and sold in various gatherig [[fair]]s, such as [[agricultural show]] and [[state fair]]. Most street food is both [[finger food|finger]] and [[fast food]]. Food and green groceries are available on the street for a fraction of the cost of a restaurant meal and a supermarket. According to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]], 2.5 billion people eat street food every day. <ref name=faobn>{{ cite web | last = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | first = | authorlink = http://www.fao.org | coauthors = | title = Spotlight: School Children, Street Food and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Tanzania | publisher = FAO | location = Rome, Italy | date = February 2007 | url = http://www.fao.org/AG/magazine/0702sp1.htm | accessdate = 20 February | accessyear = 2008 }}</ref> Concerns of [[cleanliness]] and freshness often discourage people from eating street food. Lack of [[refrigeration]] is often construed as a lack of cleanliness or hygiene; on the other hand, street food often uses particularly fresh ingredients for this very reason. {{Fact|date=August 2007}} Street food is intimately connected with [[take-out]], [[junk food]], [[snack]]s, and [[fast food]]; it is distinguished by its local flavor and by being purchased on the sidewalk, without entering any building. Both take-out and fast food are often sold from counters inside buildings. Increasingly the line is blurred, as restaurants such as [[McDonald's]] begin to offer window counters. With the increasing pace of globalization and tourism, the safety of street food become one of the major concerns of [[public health]], and a focus for governments and scientists to raise public awarenesses <ref name=geetp>{{cite web | last = Mukhola | first = Murembiwa Stanley | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Guidelines for an Environmental Education Training Programme for Street Food Vendors in Polokwane City | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://etd.rau.ac.za/theses/submitted/etd-03132007-140510/restricted/last.pdf | accessdate = 2007-11-23 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=geetp2>{{cite web | last = Mukhola | first = Murembiwa Stanley | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The thesis contents | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://etd.rau.ac.za/theses/submitted/etd-03132007-140510/restricted/Thesis.pdf | accessdate = 2007-11-23 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=afsafhp>{{cite journal | last = Lues | first = Jan F. R. ''et al.'' | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Assessing food safety and associated food handling practices in street food vending | journal = International Journal of Environmental Health Research | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 319–328 | publisher = | location = | date = 2006 | url = | doi = 10.1080/09603120600869141 | id = | accessdate = 2007-11-23 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=ifs>{{cite web | last = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The informal food sector | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://www.informalfood.unibo.it/DT6202E_SF.pdf | accessdate = 2007-11-23 }}</ref>. [[Food Standards Agency|FSA]] hence provides comprehensive guidances of [[food safety]] for the vendors, traders and retailors of the street food sector <ref name=sfbb>{{cite web | last = Food Standards Agency | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Safer food, better business | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://www.food.gov.uk/foodindustry/regulation/hygleg/hyglegresources/sfbb/ | accessdate = 2007-11-24 }}</ref>. Other effective ways of curbing the safety of street foods are through [[mystery shopping]] programs, through training and rewarding programs to market stallers, through regulatory governing and membership management programs, or through technical testing programs <ref name=rsp>{{cite web | last = Sydney Market Limited | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Retailers Support Program | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://www.sydneymarkets.com.au/b-retailers_support.php | accessdate = 2007-11-25 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=fssc>{{cite web | last = [[Queen Victoria Market]] | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Food Safety Supervisor Course | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://www.qvm.com.au/cooking_class.php?id=107 | accessdate = 2007-11-25 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=prr>{{cite web | last = [[Green City Market]] | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Producer Rules & Regulations | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://www.chicagogreencitymarket.org/farmer_rules_public.asp | accessdate = 2007-11-25 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=htbas>{{cite web | last = Adelaide Showgrounds Farmers Market | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = How To Become A Stallholder | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://www.asfm.org.au/26.0.html | accessdate = 2007-11-27 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=crmt>{{cite web | last = Brisbane Markets Limited | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Chemical residue and microbial testing program for Australia's fresh produce industry | publisher = | location = | date = | url = http://www.brisbanemarkets.com.au/files/BMA%20Fresh%20Source%20June%20Web.pdf | accessdate = 2007-11-27 }}</ref>. ==Africa== {{Expand-section|date=June 2008}} === South Africa === In [[South Africa]], [[boerewors]] and other [[braai]] food are available in the street. In [[township (South Africa)|township]]s, ethnic foods are available. In [[Cape Town]], a popular street food is the [[Gatsby]], a [[baguette]] filled with [[meat]] (often [[bologna sausage]]), [[salad]], [[cheese]] and [[French fries|chips]]. It is said to have originated from a single [[restaurant]], and has become popular throughout Cape Town. Another popular food is [[bunny chow]]. It is a scooped out loaf with [[curry]] or [[atchar]] inside and with the scooped out bread placed on top. A legend states that [[India]]n [[golf caddies]] invented it during [[apartheid]], as they were not allowed to use [[cutlery]]. ===Ethiopia=== [[Injera]] bread is the method of eating several types of street foods. Tibs Wat, a spicy stew is placed on a plate with a folded piece of injera and fried Neeka stalks ===Ghana=== Street food in [[Ghana]] is mainly based upon local cuisine. Street food is available from travelling pedestrian vendors, street stalls, and ubiquitous "chop bars". Street [[breakfast]]s across the country usually consist of omelettes and bread served with [[tea]]. Traditional African dishes, such as [[fufu]], [[kenkey]], [[banku]], fried [[yam]]s, and [[bushmeat]] are popular across the country; regional varieties use local foods, such as [[tilapia]] in [[Ashanti Region]] and fresh seafood along the coastline. African-style Chinese food is very common, consisting of [[fried rice]] served with noodles, segments of fried [[chicken]], and often [[baked beans]]. [[Coconut]]s are a popular street food served from barrows, as are [[banana]]s. [[Kebab]]s made from [[beef]] and [[Black pepper|pepper]] are also widely available from travelling vendors. In the evenings, many street food vendors offer [[omelette]]s instead of usual daytime fare. [[Beverage]]s are rarely sold by food vendors except at breakfast, and the most common street beverages, purchased from separate drinks vendors, are small plastic bags filled with purified water (fizzy drinks in West Africa are only available from permanent shops and not temporary vendors, as the drinks are sold in glass bottles which must be returned to the shop for recycling and refilling). As is the case in many members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], Ghanaian law prohibits the sale of [[alcoholic beverage]]s except within licensed establishments, and as such alcoholic drinks are not sold by street vendors. ===Morocco=== Typical street food includes: grilled [[corn on the cob]], [[merguez]], and [[snails]] ===Tunisia=== Sweet pastries are the most common street food, as well as the ubiquitous tuna baguette. == Asia == Street eaters in those parts also enjoy various [[jicama]] salads. In [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], and [[India]], [[Putu Mayam|putu mayam]], a cold [[coconut]]/rice-noodle concoction, is eaten for breakfast or a snack. === China === [[China]]'s [[Chinese cuisine|cuisine]] is extremely diverse. In [[Sichuan]] street [[Sichuan cuisine|cooking]], a variety of ''xiǎochī'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 小吃) such as grilled [[rice]] balls and pan-fried noodles are sold, but restaurants are quickly replacing street vending{{ref|sichuan}}. Beijing's [[Wangfujing]] district has a ''Snack Street.'' [[Islamic]] food, stemming either from the western [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]] or the [[Hui people|Hui]] minority, is another form of street food in China, especially thinly cut [[kebab]]s cooked over a [[barbecue]] pit. Sweets are also sold as street foods in China. One of the most popular street food sold in Northern China is [[chuanr]] a form of kebab ====Hong Kong==== In [[Hong Kong]] notable foods include skewered beef, curry fish balls, stuffed peppers and mushrooms, and dim sum. Street side food vendors are called ''gaai bin dong'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 街邊檔, literally 'street side stalls'). Street food in Hong Kong can grow into a substantial business with the stalls only barely 'mobile' in the traditional street food sense (see [[dai pai dong]]). === India === The quintessential [[North India]]n street food is [[Chaat]] -- a generic name for a tangy and spicy mix, whose ingredients can be quite varied. The tangy flavor is usually imparted by the use of [[lemon]], [[pomegranate]] seeds, [[Black salt]], [[tamarind]], and various [[chutney]]s. Chaat can be prepared with fruit, with popular ones including [[guava]], [[banana]], [[apple]], [[melon]], etc. It could instead be made using small crisp pancakes made from fried flour, called "paapri", along with yogurt. Potatoes [[saute]]ed with black [[cumin]] powder constitute another variant. Other items are [[Pani Puri]] (also known as ''gol gappa''s or ''phuchka''s) and [[Bhelpuri]]. Panipuri are hollow crisp balls made from dough, and filled as-you-eat with a spicy concoction of water and [[potato]]es, topped by a choice of sweet or spicy [[chutney]]. [[Aaloo Tikki]] These are patties made up of mashed potatoes and masala deep fried in oil. They are served typically with a curry called Chholey (chick peas). They are popular in winter in North India. [[Chaap]] is a version of potato patties dipped in flour batter and deep fried. They are served along with onion and beet slices. They are referred to by this name in the Eastern part of the country. One can obtain "chaap" on local trains travelling to and fro Kolkatta. The word "chaap" is probably a corruption of "chop". [[Poori-Subzie(or Bhaajee)]] This is available mostly in North India, especially in Uttar Pradesh. The curry (subzie) consists usually of potatoes in gravy. Sometimes, especially in the southern part of the country the potatoes do not have gravy and the poories are exclusively made up of refined flour (maida). [[Chai-faen]] This term refers to tea with a roasted biscuit called "faen", possibly a corruption of "fan" which the shape of the biscuit resembles. The biscuit is also called "khaaree biscuit" in other parts of the country. This is available in North India, especially in Uttar Pradesh in cities like Agra and Mathura. [[Vada pav]] is an example of [[West India]]n street food. [[Masala chai]],: a spiced tea, is also for sale. A [[syrup]]-covered [[deep-fried]] sweet is sold in the North as [[jalebi]] and the South as jangiri. It is generally very cheap and easily available throughout India. [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], is the place where [[Vada pav]] originated. [[Pav bhaji]], is another such concoction. It acquired the status of restaurant food but had humble beginnings as street food. It has retained its original roadside availability despite this. Another peculiar concoction is pav-sample which is found at several places in Maharashtra. The 'sample' refers usually to Sambar and the dish is simply pav (white bread) to be had with the curry called Sambar which is well known in India. Sambar being widely used for several other dishes as well, it was perhaps used in experimentation with pav. An extra dish of sambar is referred to as 'sample'. Although widely used in Maharashtra in roadside eateries, sambar is not native to the local culture. 'Sample' could also mean a plate of curry called 'Usual', which is a water based preparation of cooked sprouted lentils. Occasionally the term 'sample' could mean anything that goes conveniently with pav (usually implying a liquid nature) [[Kerala]], situated in the South, has "thattukada"s: a covered cart or van with stoves and utensils. They offer "thattu dosa" &mdash; a light rice-flour crepe fried in coconut oil and served with [[coconut]] chutney. The menu at a thattukada includes [[omelette]]s, spicy pork fry, and [[Kerala porotta|parottas]] (like [[naan]], but beaten and mixed with oil). [[Tamilnadu]] has its "thalluvandi"s similar to Kerala's "thattukada"s popularly called "Kaiyendhi Bhavans", a subtle irony to the famous bhavan hotels like [[Saravana Bhavan]] etc. [[Karnataka]] has its own food items such as idli, masala dosa, vada, chakkuli, ragi rotti, jolada rotti etc. In Indian cities, street vendors also sell drinks including [[Lassi]] (yogurt drink sold plain/salty, sweet, or fruit flavored), Sherbet and Jaljeera. Additionally, hole-in-the-wall [[kebab]] shops can be found in major cities. === Indonesia === Street foods are common in [[Indonesia]]. They are commonly sold by hawkers peddling their goods on bicycles or carts, known as ''pedagang kaki lima''. The art of food being sold varies from [[mixed rice]], [[fried rice]], [[soups]], [[satay]], [[cakes]] or even Indonesian beverages, such as ''[[Es Kacang Hijau]]''. === Japan === In [[Japan]], [[udon]], [[soba]], and [[ramen|ramen noodles]] are ubiquitous, as highlighted in the film ''[[Tampopo]]''. [[Takoyaki]] (octopus dumplings), [[nikuman]] and [[Castella]] (a kind of [[sponge cake]]) are also famous as street food in Japan. Sweet cakes, such as [[taiyaki]] and [[imagawayaki]] are also popular. === Korea (South)=== Gun-mandu (dumpling), fried [[squid]], fried [[shrimp]] and fried [[wonton]] are among the street foods found in villages outside of [[Seoul]] in [[South Korea]]. Vendors will fire up their [[wok]]s or large pots of frying oil in the evenings in anticipation of the pedestrian traffic going to and from local clubs. These Korean street foods, as well as others such as [[Tteokbokki]], [[Odeng]], and [[Korean toast sandwiches]] are still popular in Seoul and larger cities. Sometimes original street food concepts become full-fledged franchises as seen in the cases of Sukbong Toast, Isaac Toast and Toastoa, large Korean toast sandwich franchise chains based in Seoul. === Pakistan === There some common items which are available all over [[Pakistan]] such as Bun Kebab (Local version of hamburger) served with halal [[shami kebab]] and usual condiments, also Gunnay ka Rus (Sugar cane juice). Other foods are Pahata roll which is either beef or chicken stuffed in a fried oil bread - onions, tomato, and raita (yogurt) are also added. [[Jalebi]] is a popular sweet dish served throughout Pakistan. [[Chaat]] is a staple, usually extremely loaded with spices. [[Karachi]] Corn or maize along with chick peas are sold all over the city by moving vendors. They are mixed with sand on a hot plate and then sifted through. Chicken corn soup with or without eggs, pathan soup (more traditional chicken soup) are the regular delicacies.In Karachi [[Peshawar]] Chiras are the local delicacy, which are quails cooked on charcoal fire and eaten whole. === Philippines === The most common [[Philippines]] street foods include fried [[squidballs]], [[fishballs]], ''[[kikiam]]'' &mdash; a type of processed chicken, which are served on a stick, with a variety of dipping sauces. Roadside stands also serve [[barbecue]]d [[pork]], [[chicken]] and [[offal]], such as pig's blood (colloquially, ''Betamax'' after its rectangular shape), chicken heads (''helmet''), chicken feet (''adidas'') pig's ears and chicken intestines (''isaw''). Among more esoteric foods are ''[[balut]]'' and ''penoy'' (duck eggs; with fetus and without, respectively), ''tokneneng'' and ''quek-quek'' (battered, deep-fried [[chicken]] and [[quail]] [[Egg (food)|eggs]]) and deep-fried day-old-chick. [[Taho]], a type of soft [[beancurd]] served with syrup and tapioca balls is another snack, as are more Western offerings, such as [[hamburger|burgers]], [[Hot dog|hotdogs]] and [[cotton candy]]. ''Palamig'' (literally, coolers) are sold, such as traditional offerings like ''[[halo-halo]]'' to [[fruit]] [[juices]]. ''Sorbetes'' (or, colloquially, "dirty [[ice cream]]") and locally-produced [[ice cream]] in exotic flavors such as [[mango]], [[cheese]] and [[yam]]. ===Taiwan=== [[Taiwan]]'s is perhaps the most famous street food in Chinese culture, especially that from the area of [[Tainan]]. Influences include the ([[Min Nan]]) flavor brought by the emigrants during the [[Kingdom of Tungning|Ming loyalist rule era]] and Japanese tastes in the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial period]], to [[1949]], when the [[KMT|Nationalist]] retreated to the island with people from every other province of the mainland. [[Image:Chedi food stall.jpg|thumb|Street food stall in Nakorn Pathom, Thailand]] Bubble/Boba Milk Tea originated on the streets of Taiwan. Popular Taiwanese street food includes fried stinky tofu, oyster pancakes, rice cakes made with pork blood, and various other rice and noodle dishes. See [[List of night markets in Taiwan]] for further information === Thailand === Street food in [[Thailand]] includes noodle dishes, among them are [[Pad Thai]], Rad Naa, flat noodles with beef, pork, or chicken and vegetables, topped with a light gravy, and Rad Naa's twin, Pad See Iw, the same flat noodles dry-fried(no gravy) with a dark soy sauce, vegetables, meat, and chili. Other dishes include [[tom yum|Tom Yum Kung]] (a [[soup]]), Khao Pad (fried rice), various kinds of [[satay]], various [[curry|curries]]. Japanese [[chikuwa]] and German sausages have also appeared in [[Bangkok]]. Canal food has been sold from boats on Thailand's rivers and canals for over two centuries, but since the early 20th century [[Chulalongkorn|King Rama V]]'s modernizations have caused a shift towards land-based stalls{{ref|bangkok}}. In modern [[Bangkok]] parlance, a housewife who feeds her family with street food vendor is known as a "plastic-bag housewife." Many Thai people will eat 4 or 5 meals a day, and often these will be taken with friends or family at streetside dining carts. In some areas of Thailand, an inconspicuous car-park or roadside area may be empty by day, but turn into a bustling food district as the sun goes down, when local street vendors arrive with their carts. This is the case in virtually every provincial capital. === Middle East === [[Falafel]] is the king of street food in the [[Middle East]]. Shawarma is popular as well, and is usually made of [[chicken]] or [[Domestic sheep|lamb]]. [[Ful medames|Ful]], a dish made from [[fava bean]]s, is common in many [[Arab]] countries. In [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]], pastries made with a soft dough are sold, either open like a mini-pizza or filled, and are termed ''fatayir'', ''man'oushe'', or ''basbouse'' depending on the type. Toppings or fillings include [[zaatar]], chili, spinach, meat, sausage meat, cheese, and olives. Fruit juice counters in Syria and [[Egypt]] provide fresh juice from all seasonal fruit as well as sugar-cane. Sweets such as [[knafeh]], made from cheese and pastry, and [[madlu'e]], made from sweet cheese curds on a rich biscuit dough, are also sold from counters, drenched in syrup, and eaten on the street in Syria and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. "Cheese sweets" are a specialty of [[Hama]] in central Syria. ==== Israel ==== In [[Israel]], street eaters enjoy [[sabikh]], a [[pita]] stuffed with hard-boiled egg, [[eggplant]], [[tahini]], and a [[mango]] paste similar in taste to [[chutney]] or [[atchar]]. It was introduced by [[Iraq]]i [[Jew]]s. [[Bourekas]] are common, being sold out of [[cart]]s in front of [[bakery|bakeries]]. The most common street food is [[Falafel]]. ==== Syria ==== In springtime in [[Syria]], whole green [[almond]]s are sold from carts on the street. In summer, [[prickly pear]]s and whole fresh [[pistachio]]s are sold. Pavement vendors, as well as drink sellers in traditional costume with their goods in a pot strapped to their back, sell [[mulberry]] and [[liquorice]] juice. == Australia == [[Image:Pie floater.jpg|thumb|A pie floater]] The most common street food in [[Australia]] is the ''sausage sizzle'', usually consisting of a thin sausage or sandwich steak cooked on a [[barbecue]] and served on a slice of bread with optional fried onions and tomato or barbecue sauce. The stalls are usually run by local sporting or charity groups as fundraisers. [[Image:IcecreamVanBatemansBayNSWAustralia.jpg|thumb|left|An ice cream van at [[Batemans Bay, New South Wales]], Australia]] A [[pie floater]] is a meal served at pie carts in [[Adelaide]] and elsewhere in [[South Australia]]. It was once more widely available in other parts of Australia, but its popularity waned. It consists of an [[Australian meat pie]] covered with [[ketchup|tomato sauce]], sitting in a plate of [[pea soup|green pea soup]]. People can buy [[soft serve]] and other [[ice cream]]s from vans which drive around the streets. The vans alert potential customers with a tinkling tune, for example ''[[Greensleeves]]'' or ''[[The Entertainer (rag)|The Entertainer]]''. See [[List of markets in Sydney]] for further information ==Caribbean== ===Barbados=== In [[Barbados]], fishcakes are a common [[street foods|street food]]. Fishcakes are made with bits of saltfish, seasoned and mixed with flour and then deep fried. Fishcakes are sold at most community events such as school fairs and concerts and can also be found at fish fries such as those in Baxter's Road in the capital city of Bridgetown or the Friday evening event in the southern fishing town of Oistins. Fishcakes are commonly eaten with saltbread, a thick, round bread- the sandwich is called a 'bread-and-two' and can be found at most village shops throughout the island. ===Dominican Republic=== Fried foods are common in the [[Dominican Republic]]. [[Empanada]]s are a very typical snack, made of fried flour, though empanadas made out of [[cassava]] flour, called ''catibias'', are also common. Fillings include cheese, chicken, beef, and vegetables, or a combination of these. ''Yaniqueques'' are sold at many empanada stands. ''Yaniqueques'' (from Johnny Cakes) are essentially round flour shaped cakes which are fried and usually eaten with salt and/or ketchup. Other vendors sell [[plantain]] fritters and fried or boiled [[salami]]. [[Hamburger]]s are sold at stands called ''chimis'', which also offer sandwiches called ''chimichurris'', though these bear little to no resemblance to the South American sauce of the same name. ''Chimis'' occasionally also offer hot dogs and other sandwich varieties. [[Corn on the cob]] can be bought on the street, usually sold by traveling vendors who move around on a tricycle. Sweets vendors who sell treats such as candied coconut and ''[[dulce de leche]]'' sell their goods at major intersections in cities and sometimes have their own stands. ===Jamaica=== The most common [[Jamaican]] street food is [[jerk chicken]] or pork and can be found everywhere on the island. Jerk is marinade that is a blended primarily from a combination of scotch bonnet peppers, onions, scallions, thyme and allspice (there are numerous combinations which a jerk can be composed of). Once marinated, it is often barbecued on converted [[steel drum]] or whatever else locals can construct as a grill/smoker. It is often accompanied with [[breadfruit]] and/or festival, a sweetened fried dough. The popular beef patties in a sweet bread called "coco bread" is the most popular street food. Bun and cheese is also eaten regularly. ===Trinidad and Tobago=== In [[Trinidad and Tobago]] there are many [[roti]] and [[shark & bake]] stands that provide quick foods like roti, [[dahl puri]], [[fried bake]], and the most popular, [[Doubles (food)|Doubles]]. Roti is a thin flat bread originating from India that is fluffy on the inside and crispy and flaky on the outside. It is cooked on a flat iron plate called a tawah (< [[Hindi]] [[tawa]])or [[plateen]] and served with [[curried]] [[chicken]], [[pork]] or [[beef]]. Dahl puri is similar to the roti but is softer and pliable and has crushed dahl [[lentil]]s cooked with [[saffron]] and placed in the centre of the [[dough]] before it is rolled out and cooked. This is also served with either curried chicken, pork or beef. Fried bake is made by frying flattened balls of dough that becomes fluffy and increases in height as it is fried. It can be served with fried ripe [[plantain]]s, any meat or [[gravy]]. At the shark & bake stands fried bakes filled with well-seasoned [[shark]] fillets and dressed with many different [[condiment]]s including [[pepper]], [[garlic]] and [[chadon beni]] can also be found. [[Doubles (food)|Doubles]] is made with two flat breads called [[baras]] (from Hindi bara, "big") that are filled with [[channa]] (from Hindi "[[chick pea]]s") and topped with pepper, [[cucumber]] [[chutney]], [[mango]] chutney, [[coconut]] chutney or [[bandania]]/chadon beni. It can be eaten either wrapped up as an easy to eat sandwich, or open it up and eat each bara separately. ===Haiti=== In [[Haiti]] street vendors sell various local dishes such as legume (vegetable stew famous for the lone crab leg protruding from the center) as well as Conge. == Europe == There are many national street foods in [[Europe]], but some foods have transcended borders. A good example of this is [[shawarma]], brought to Europe by [[Arab]] and [[Turkey|Turkish]] immigrants. The [[Quartier Latin]] in [[Paris]] is packed with shawarma vendors. === Balkans === [[Image:Buregdzinica dario.gif|upright|thumb|200px|Buregdžinica in [[Zagreb]]]] Street food in the Balkans, like the rest of [[Balkan cuisine]], is heavily influenced by the cuisine of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Different variations of the [[burek]], a filled flaky pastry, is common throughout the [[Turkey]] and the [[Balkans]]. [[Cevapi]], a sort of [[kebab]], is popular throughout the region comprised by the former [[Yugoslavia]], and [[Romania]] where it is called [[Mititei]]. === Benelux === In the [[Netherlands]] and [[Belgium]], [[French fries]] are popular and are frequently served with sauces such as [[mayonnaise]] or [[ketchup]]. The combination [[mayonnaise]], [[ketchup]] and [[onions]] is called "speciaal" (special) and [[mayonnaise]] plus peanutbuttersauce is called "oorlog" (war). ;French fries In Belgium, a thicker variety of fries is used, called "friet" or "frieten". In the Netherlands, they are thinner and generally referred to as "patat" (potato) or sometimes "friet" (fried) or "patat friet" (fried potato). Some shops also sell "Vlaamse friet", but this is less common than "patat". The Dutch version is more similar to the version known in most of the world than the Belgian version is. ;The Netherlands In the Netherlands, street foods are usually sold by a small store which is a mix of a cafe/bar and a fast-food restaurant, known as a ''snackbar'' or ''cafetaria''. In these stores, while "patat" forms the main portion of the food sold, many other things are also sold, including all types of fried meat and cheese snacks. Often, the assortment includes things such as hamburgers, ice cream, sandwiches, and occasionally even [[pizza]], [[falafel]] and [[shoarma]]. There are also street vendors selling salted herring served with raw onion, bread rolls come optionally. At festivals and especially on the eve of 31 December around the country, a kind of donut called [[Dutch cuisine|oliebollen]], "oily balls", is eaten throughout the country. Oliebollen are particularly popular for old and new year's night. ;Belgium [[Image:Fritkot.jpg|thumb|A ''Frietkot'', a french fries street vendor in [[Brussels]].]] In Belgium, "friet" or "frieten" are mainly sold by street vendors (see picture), known as a ''frietkot''. In Belgium, [[Liège (city)|Liège]]-style [[waffle]]s (Dutch: "Wafel" or French: "Gaufre") are served warm as a street snack, similar to what is known in other countries as "Belgian Waffles". The [[pancake]] is also popular here, being sold fluffier than the French [[crêpe]] or the [[Russia]]n [[Blintz|blin]]. === France === In [[France]], sandwiches are a common street food. Most of them are [[baguette]] [[bread]] sandwiches with different kinds of fillings such as "Jambon/Beurre" (ham / butter), "Jambon/Fromage" (Ham with cheese) or "Poulet/Crudités" (Chicken with vegetables). In [[France]], crêpes are another street food. They are sold on the street cheaply and are filling portions: a [[crêpe complète]] containing [[ham]], shredded [[cheese]], and an [[egg (food)|egg]] provides a filling lunch. [[Sweet crêpe]], containing [[Nutella]] and [[banana]] or [[Grand Marnier]] and [[sugar]] is also a snack. Other street foods include slices of [[pizza]], [[kebab]] type sandwiches and [[panini (sandwich)|panini]], a [[grilling|grilled]] and pressed [[sandwich]]. During the winter, [[roasting|roasted]] [[chestnut]]s can be bought. === Germany === [[Image:Sausagegluhwein.jpg|thumb|right|Bratwurst and Glühwein in Garmisch]] [[Germany]], with its high Turkish population, has a number of Turkish street foods beyond the pan-European shawarma. [[Döner]] is similar to shawarma and extremely common in [[Berlin]], particularly in the [[Kreuzberg]] district. More traditionally, there is [[Fleischkäse]] and various types of [[sausage]], as well as the recent hybrid curry-sausage, [[Currywurst]]. [[French fries]] ("Pommes" in [[German language|German]], derived from [[French language|French]] but pronounced according to German orthographic rules) are very popular, served with [[ketchup]] and/or [[mayonnaise]], and sometimes with [[sausage]]. [[Beer]] is sold at all sidewalk snack stands, which usually feature a wide selection of beers and often small bottles of [[whiskey]] and [[vodka]] as well. There is an increasing number of North African stalls that sell shawarma, falafel and halumi. === Hungary === Street food is not particularly common in Hungary, although [[gyros]] shops are becoming more common. [[Rétes]] (strudel) is fairly common, and [[lángos]] (a deep fried bread) is usually available at markets and during celebrations. In general, Hungarians looking for quick food will stop to sit down and eat, even if only at a Chinese [[buffet]] or a ''főzelékfaló'' (vegetable [[purée]] bar). ===Italy=== The most notable [[Italy|Italian]] street food is [[pizza]], sold in take-aways. Take-away pizza (or "pizza a taglio") is quite different from [[pizzeria]] pizza. Unlike the round pizza normally found in restaurants - which originated in Naples as a street food itself, it is generally made on large square trays, and square or rectangular portions are sold. It usually has quite a thick base, again unlike the traditional Italian restaurant pizza. Toppings include margherite, mushrooms, Italian sausage, ham, and vegetables. In [[Siena]], the local form of takeaway pizza is quite different from elsewhere: it generally has an extremely fine dough, and often this is folded over the topping. Other street foods are the [[Genoa|Genoese]] Focaccia di Recco, a double layer of thin dough filled with quark cheese and baked, Farinata, a thin, baked chickpea-flour batter, topped with salt, pepper and olive oil, often served with Focaccia (a thin bread, also with salt and olive oil), [[Florence|Florentine]] Trippa and Lampredotto, ox stomach cooked in a seasoned broth and served in a bread roll, [[Rome|Roman]] "Supplì", rice balls filled with cheese and/or various fillings, covered in egg and breadcrumbs and deep fried, similar to [[Sicily|Sicilian]] Arancini, where the usual filling is a meat sauce with green peas. In [[Naples]], fried food stalls, known as ''friggitorie'', sell filled, deep-fried pastries and other foods. In [[Palermo]], a street food would be "Pani ca meusa" (bread rolls with sliced, cooked pork spleen), and "Panelle", deep-fried chickpea flour batter. In central Italy "porchetta" is common, a spicy roasted pork meat (from the whole, boned animal), usually served in a bread roll. Vendors sell watermelons during the summer months, as well as roasted chestnuts ("caldarroste") stalls during the winter, and especially before Christmas. [[Rotisserie|Rosticcerie]], while most often selling food to be eaten at home, also sometimes have a counter for immediate consumption of their goods, the most common of which are roast chicken, roast potatoes, fried [[polenta]] and other accompaniments. Substantial immigration from Turkey and the Middle East has also gained [[Shawarma]], as well as other middle-eastern traditional dishes, an increasing popularity. [[Gelato]] (icecream) is of a very high standard. === Malta === Pastizzi are small, ricotta cheese or pea-paste filled puff-pastry squares that can be bought from vendors in practically every village in [[Malta]]. "Pastizzi", or its singular form "pastizz" is also a derogatory term in colloquial Maltese which refers to female genitalia, probably due to the similarity in shape of these local delicacies to the notorious body part. Ricotta pastizzi (Pastizzi tal-irkotta) are diamond shaped with a hole in the middle where the ricotta stuffing can be seen whilst pea pastizzi (Pastizzi tal-pizelli) are of the same shape but are more like an envelope of puff pastry with no discernible holes. The shops selling these pastries are called "Pastizzeriji" and they occasionally sell items such as pies, pizza slices, sausage rolls, baked rice, baked maccaroni (timpana) and sometimes arancini. Another local street food found in such pastizzerias is the "Qassatat". This is a ball-shaped pie crust with an open top, filled with the same two basic fillings of ricotta or peas, and sometimes a tuna and spinach mixture. [[Imqaret]] are deep fried pastries filled with a mashed date mixture. Hamburgers, hot dogs and other such products being sold from vans, replace perennial Maltese favorites such as [[Ħobż biż-żejt]], [[bigilla]] and [[timpana]]. However [[Ħobż biż-żejt]] is another popular street food, usually bought from the inside of shops rather than stalls. This is the local sandwich, a local flat-bun called a "ftira" or a rounder one called "hbejza" are filled with various ingredients available at the counter displays. The basic [[Ħobż biż-żejt]] recipe consists of filling the bread with oil and kunserva (tomato paste), tuna-fish, pickles and other delicacies which vary from shop to shop. These shops usually serve tea with milk in small glasses to their regulars. Occasionally one might meet a street vendor who sells "sinizza", this is a rarity nowadays. Sinizza is deep fried ball of fish, batter and other ingredients. === Russia === In [[Russia]], street food mostly reflects the cultures brought together in the [[Soviet Union]]. Traditional Eastern European items such as [[blintz|blini]], [[Pierogi#Russia|pirozhki]] and [[sausage]]s are widely available. The cuisine of Russia's [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] minority is popular, with dishes like [[shawerma]], [[rotisserie]] chicken, [[shashlik]], [[Cheburek#Cheburek (Russia)|chebureki]] and [[plov]]. [[Kvas]], a [[small beer]] made (usually) from [[bread]], with [[honey]] being a frequent additive (''myodniy kvass''), is sold out of tanks or barrels on the street. In areas with large [[Chinese people|Chinese]] immigrant populations, various [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese dishes]] are also available. More universal foods are also popular. [[Ice cream]] is enjoyed even on the coldest of [[Moscow]] days. [[Pizza]] is also available. In addition to prepared food, a great deal of products are sold on the street. Many [[kiosks]] sell [[candy]], [[snacks]], [[produce]], [[beer]] and other [[beverage]]s, in addition to [[cigarette]]s and various household products. === Slovakia === In [[Slovakia]] street offerings include [[steaming|steamed]] [[sweetcorn]] cobs, fried flat bread loaves with garlic and salt or other condiments (''langos''), fried buns with [[poppy seed]], jam or cream cheese filling (''pirozky''); seasonally, ice-cream is eaten in summer and roasted chestnuts in autumn. ''Ciganska pecienka'' (gypsy-style [[roasting|roasted]] pork), roasted sausage and more are sold at Saturday markets. Crepes and fresh sandwiches are available. === Spain === The concept of eating in the street is not very rooted in the Spanish culture, some Spaniards prefer to eat inside a bar with friends ([[tapas|tapeo]]). However, in winter roasted [[chestnuts]] can be bought in the street, especially in the northern half of the country, and during [[Party|fiesta]]s, [[churros]] are also sold. === Switzerland === Street foods available in Switzerland are sandwich-like, either the typical [[Panini (sandwich)|grilled panini]], but also [[pretzels]] or [[hot dogs]]. Sweet foods include [[ice cream]] and [[crêpes]]. Stalls will typically be motorized trucks, rather than smaller wheeled carts. Other foods eaten on the go include the prevalent [[döner kebab]], although these are uniformly sold in indoor stores with their own seating rather than from a mobile stall.{{Fact|date=July 2008}} === Turkey === In the European side of Turkey (especially around [[Istanbul]] region), the main street food is [[döner kebap]]. Both versions of döner (cooked with gas or grilled with coal fire) can be found nearly on every street in Istanbul, usually from noon to around 03:00 am in the morning. [[Taksim Square|Taksim]] area offers 24 hours street-döner service, 365 days a year, excluding some holidays. Another common street food is rice with freshly cooked chickpeas (referred as ''[[pilav]]'') which usually can be found after 22:00-23:00 on Istanbul streets until around 05:00 in the morning. A [[simit]] is a circular bread with sesame seeds, in the city of [[İzmir]], simit is known as "gevrek," (literally, 'crisp') although it is very similar to the Istanbul variety. Simit are often sold by street vendors who either have a simit trolley or carry the simit on their head. [[Tea]] vendors carry pots of hot, sweet tea through the [[bazaar]]s; many bazaar vendors have their own pot brewing for potential customers. ===United Kingdom=== Converted vans selling [[kebab]]s, [[hamburger]]s and [[french fries|chips]] are a common sight, especially at night. At fairs, stalls selling [[candy floss]] or [[doughnuts]] are increasingly popular. In Lancashire, one can buy hot parched peas ([[black peas]]) from stalls, especially in the colder months. Portable [[ice-cream]] vans are considered a common sign of summer, and usually play either [[Greensleeves]] or [[Teddy Bears' Picnic]]. See [[List of markets in London]] and [[List of farmers' markets in the United Kingdom]] for further information == North America == === Canada === While most major cities in Canada offer a variety of street food, regional "specialties" are notable. While [[poutine]] ([[french fries]] with [[gravy]] and [[cheese curds]]) is available in most of the country, it is far more common in [[Quebec]]. Similarly, [[hot dog stand]]s can be found across Canada, but are far more common in [[Ontario]] (often sold from mobile canteen trucks, usually referred to as "chip wagons") than in [[Vancouver]] or [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] (where the "Mr. Tube Steak" franchise is notable). [[Montreal]] offers a number of specialties including [[Shish taouk]], the [[Montreal hot dog]], and Dollar [[falafel]]s. Although falafel is widespread in Vancouver, 99 cent [[pizza]] slices are much more popular. [[Shawarma]] is quite prevalent [[Ottawa]], while [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]] offers its own unique version of the [[Döner kebab]] called the [[Döner kebab around the world|Donair]], which features a distinctive sauce, made from condensed milk, sugar, and vinegar. [[Ice cream truck]]s can be seen (and often heard) nationwide during the summer months. === United States === [[Image:StreetfoodNY.jpg|thumb|left|Street food vendor in New York City]] In the [[United States]], [[hot dogs]] and their many variations ([[corn dog]]s, chili dogs) are perhaps the most common street food, particularly in major metropolitan areas such as [[New York City]]. [[Roasting|Roasted]] and [[salt]]ed [[Nut (fruit)|nut]]s are also often sold. [[Pretzel]]s and [[cheesesteak]] are common in [[Philadelphia]]. Throughout America, [[ice cream]] is sold out of [[ice cream van|trucks]]. [[Chinese cuisine]] is sold in many large cities and [[China|Chinese]] neighborhoods; Mexican foods such as [[tacos]] and [[tortas]] are sold in neighborhoods with [[Mexico|Mexican]] population. [[Pizza]] is often available from window counters. Some vendors operate out of [[food truck]]s on college campuses, particularly in the Northeast, where American, Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Indian, and other cuisines are available. Like restaurants, they are regulated and subject to inspections by the local municipal or county health departments. [[Image:StreetFoodLAOct0904.jpg|thumb|right|Street food vendor in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] serving a bacon-wrapped hot dog]] Ethnic [[Multiculturalism|diversity]] and the lack of a strictly defined national [[cuisine]] (such as those enjoyed by [[France]] or [[Italy]]) has given new meaning to the term "[[melting pot]]." In most urban areas in America and Canada, it is not uncommon to find vendors selling [[falafel]], [[gyros]], [[kebob]]s and rice, [[Panino|panini]], [[crepes]], [[french fries]], [[chicken tikka masala]], [[eggroll]]s, or other popular international dishes. The more exotic offerings of African street vendors may not be found, but the fast-food equivalents of the Middle East, Europe, and Asia are all represented. On the West Coast, in cities such as [[Los Angeles, California]], the variations of street food tend towards food with a Latin American flair. Moving further north along the coast, the Latin American immigrant influences mix with Polish, Bosnian, and Mediterranean offerings, such as in [[Portland, Oregon]]{{ref|portland}}. ===Mexico=== In [[Mexico]], [[taco]]s, [[torta]]s (traditional Mexican sandwiches), [[tamales]] and [[aguas frescas]] are sold. == South America == {{Expand-section|date=June 2008}} ===Brazil=== [[Pão de queijo]], which can be translated as "cheese bread", is a street snack in the southeast of [[Brazil]] and, increasingly, the rest of the country. [[Hot dog]]s are often sold with grated cheese, grilled onions, mayonnaise, green peas or mashed potatoes ([[São Paulo]] only) as choice of toppings. [[Hamburger]]s are also offered with a wide assortment of toppings, such as mozzarella cheese, bacon, eggs, lettuce, tomato, mayonnaise, ketchup and mustard, the popular "X-Tudo" (or ''cheese-all'', a souped up cheeseburger). ''Calabresa'' ([[Pepperoni]]) sausage sandwiches are also popular. [[Rio de Janeiro]] beach vendors are famous for their ''Mate Gelado'' ([[yerba mate]] iced-tea), ''biscoitos de polvilho'' (sour [[manioc]] flour puffs), roasted peanuts and ''queijo coalho'' (grilled cheese on sticks, barbecued on the spot) as well as popsicles, cold beer and home-made sandwiches (''sanduiche natural''). In the northeastern state of [[Bahia]], the region's African heritage is reflected in the iconic ''[[acarajé]]'' (deep fried black eyed pea bun filled with ''[[caruru]]'', made from salted dried shrimp, and ''[[vatapá]]'', a creamy combination of [[coconut milk]], [[palm oil]] and [[cashew]] nuts) or sweets like ''cocada'' (candied coconut) and ''pé-de-moleque'' ([[peanut brittle]]). All over the country, [[popcorn]] is always offered in push carts both salty or sweet (with sugar and cocoa powder). ''[[Churros]]'' push carts (sausage shaped deep fried dough filled with a choice of ''[[dulce de leche|doce-de-leite]]'' caramel or chocolate sauce) are also found on any major city street. ===Colombia=== in [[Colombia]], the [[empanada]], a deep-fried meat-filled patty, is sold. ===Peru=== In [[Peru]], [[anticuchos]], a type of [[kebab]], are often sold by street vendors called ''anticucheras''. Also, [[Guinea pig|cuy]], a species of [[Guinea Pig]] is served as a delicacy on religious holidays. == See also == {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} * [[Agritourism]] * [[Catering]] * [[Christmas market]] * [[Farmers' market]] * [[Fast food]] {{col-3}} * [[Fast food restaurant]] * [[Fish market]] * [[Food and cooking hygiene]] * [[Food booth]] * [[Food safety]] * [[Food Street]] {{col-3}} * [[List of farmers' markets]] * [[Night market]] * [[Public market]] * [[Street market]] {{col-end}} == Notes == <references/> == External References == #{{note|bangkok}} {{cite news|last=Damrongchai|first=Nareenoot|title=Food-the way of eating in Bangkok|date=Spring 2003 (issue 1)|publisher=E-Vision|url=http://www.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/EGPSEE/newsletter/E-Vision_Vol-01.pdf Street}} #{{note|sichuan}} {{cite news|last=Dunlop|first=Fuchsia|title=Sichuan Street Snacks|date=March 2005 (issue 82)|publisher=Saveur|url=http://www.saveur.com/issue.jsp?ID=200502}} #[http://bucaio.blogspot.com/2005/10/lasang-pinoy-3-round-up_28.html Lasang Pinoy Street Food Round-up] #{{note|portland}} [http://www.speakeasy.org/~aeschright/maps/ Portland, OR Food Cart Map] * [http://www.plateoftheday.com/archives/index.php?cat=33&catName=Street%20Food Plate Of The Day Food Blog - Street Food Posts, Street Carts, Travel Photos] == External links == *[http://www.wikistreetfood.com Malaysia Street Food Wiki] *[http://ivanhenares.blogspot.com/2007/03/flavors-of-metro-manilas-streets.html Dictionary of Philippine Street Food] *[http://www.travelbyfood.com Travel By Food - http://www.travelbyfood.com] New York Street Food Blog - http://foodietroopers.blogspot.com/ [[Category:Cuisine]] [[he:מאכלי רחוב]] [[ja:軽食]] [[fi:grillikioski]] [[zh:小吃]]