Streptococcus bovis
3188889
190764416
2008-02-12T01:19:37Z
165.21.155.9
/* Pathogenicity */
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| name = ''Streptococcus bovis''
| image =
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Firmicutes]]
| classis = [[Bacilli]]
| ordo = [[Lactobacillales]]
| familia = [[Streptococcaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Streptococcus]]''
| species = '''''S. bovis'''''
| binomial = ''Streptococcus bovis''
| binomial_authority = Orla-Jensen 1919
}}
'''''Streptococcus bovis''''' is a [[catalase]]-negative, non-motile, non-[[endospore|sporulating]], [[Gram-positive]] [[lactic acid bacterium]] that grows as pairs or chains of [[cocci]].<ref>Schlegel, L., Grimont, R., Ageron, E., Grimont, P.A.D. and A. Bouvet. 2003. [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/53/3/631#SEC3 Reappraisal of the taxonomy of the ''Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus'' complex and related species: description of ''Streptococcus gallolyticus'' subsp. ''gallolyticus'' subsp. nov., ''S. gallolyticus'' subsp. ''macedonicus'' subsp. nov. and ''S. gallolyticus'' subsp. ''pasteurianus'' subsp. nov.] Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. '''53''':631-645</ref> It is a member of the [[Rebecca Lancefield|Lancefield]] [[Streptococcus#Group_D_.28Enterococci.29_.2Avariable_in_hemolysis|group D streptococci]], and most strains are [[hemolysis (microbiology)|non- or gamma-hemolytic]], but some also display [[hemolysis (microbiology)|alpha-hemolytic]] activity on [[ovine]] [[Blood_agar#Blood_agar_types|blood agar plate]]s. ''S. bovis'' is commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other [[ruminants]].<ref>Ghali, M.B., Scott, P.T. and R.A.M. Al Jassim. 2004. [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01597.x?journalCode=lam Characterization of ''Streptococcus bovis'' from the rumen of the dromedary camel and Rusa deer]. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. '''39(4)''':341–346. </ref>
==Pathogenicity==
''S. bovis'' is a known human pathogen that has been implicated in cases of human [[endocarditis]].<ref>Ryan K.J. and C.G. Ray CG (editors). 2004. ''Sherris Medical Microbiology'' (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.</ref> In rare instances, it was also the causative agent of neonatal [[septicemia]] and [[meningitis]].<ref>Headings, D.L., Herrera, A., Mazzi, E. and M.A. Bergman. 1978. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=413898&dopt=AbstractPlus Fulminant neonatal septicemia caused by ''Streptococcus bovis''.]. J. Pediatr. '''92(2)''':282-283.</ref><ref>White, B.A., Labhsetwar, S.A. and A.N. Mian. 2002. [http://www.greenjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/5/1126 ''Streptococcus bovis'' bacteremia and fetal death]. Obstet. Gynec. '''100''':1126-1129</ref><ref>Grant, R.J., Whitehead, T.R. and J.E. Orr. 2000. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=88753 ''Streptococcus bovis'' meningitis in an infant]. J. Clin. Microbiol. '''38(1)''':462–463.</ref>
It is also associated with [[colon cancer]],<ref>RS Klein, RA Recco, MT Catalano, SC Edberg, JI Casey, and NH Steigbigel. 1977. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/297/15/800 Association of ''Streptococcus bovis'' with carcinoma of the colon]. [http://content.nejm.org/ NEJM]. '''297''':800-802</ref> and one study indicated that patients with colonic [[neoplasm]]s had ''S. bovis'' bacteremia 15% of the time.<ref>Alazmi, W., Bustamante, M., O’Loughlin, C., Gonzalez, J. and J.B. Raskin. 2006. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/a281340827043j31/ The association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and gastrointestinal diseases: A retrospective analysis]. Digest. Disease. Sci. '''51(4)''':732-736.</ref> However, research has not yet determined if this organism is the causative agent of colon cancer, or if pre-existing cancer makes the lumen of the large intestine more hospitable for ''S. bovis'' outgrowth.<ref>zur Hausen, H. 2006. [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112775914/ABSTRACT ''Streptococcus bovis'': Causal or incidental involvement in cancer of the colon?] Int. J. Cancer '''119(9)''':xi - xii.</ref>
==Ruminal effects==
Because ''S. bovis'' is a lactic acid bacterium, when abundant [[starch]] or [[sugar]] enters the rumen, this bacterium rapidly ferments these substrates and the pH of the rumen declines dramatically. This can cause deleterious conditions such as [[rumen acidosis]] or [[feedlot bloat]].<ref>Narito, A. and H. Tsuneo. 2002. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/asj/2002/00000073/00000005/art00001 Regulation of fermentation in a ruminal bacterium, ''Streptococcus bovis'', with special reference to rumen acidosis]. Animal Sci. J. '''73(5)''':313-325.</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb31906.htm
* http://www.emedicine.com/med/byname/streptococcus-group-d-infections.htm
{{bacteria-stub}}
[[Category:Streptococcaceae]]
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