Subotica
178184
225830918
2008-07-15T16:28:45Z
87.101.115.2
+Szeged COA
{{Infobox Serbia municipality|
native_name = Суботица|official_name=Subotica|other_name=Szabadka|
image_shield = Grb subotice.jpg|
image_flag = Cs-sr-su.gif|
mayor = [[Saša Vučinić]] ([[Democratic Party (Serbia)|DS]])|
district = North Bačka |
settlement_type = city|
area_km2 = 1008|
population_total = 99981|
mpop = 148401|
latd = 46| latm = 05| longd = 19| longm = 39|
code = 24|
settlements = 19 |
plates = SU|
postal_code = 24000|
website = www.subotica.co.yu|
}}
'''Subotica''' ([[Serbian language|Serbian]]: Суботица, ''Subotica'', {{Audio|Subotica.ogg|listen}}, [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Szabadka'', [[Croatian language|Croatian]]: ''Subotica'', [[Bunjevac language|Bunjevac]]: ''Subotica'') is a city and municipality in northern [[Serbia]], in the Autonomous Province of [[Vojvodina]]. It is located at 46.07° North, 19.68° East, about 10 km from the border with [[Hungary]].
Once the second largest city of [[Serbia]] (1919), contemporary Subotica is the second largest city of the [[Vojvodina]] region following [[Novi Sad]], with a population of 99,981 (according to the 2002 census). Likewise, today it is [[Serbia]]'s fifth largest city, with the municipality of Subotica numbering 148,401 people. It is the administrative centre of the [[North Bačka District]].
==Name==
The name ''Subotica'' derives from the [[Serbian language|Serbian]] word for "Saturday" or "[[wikt:sabbath|Sabbath]]" and first appeared in 1653. The Serbian and Croatian word for "Saturday" is ''subota'' (субота), thus the name ''Subotica'' means "a little Saturday". Another theory claims that city was named after [[Subota Vrlić]], who was a palatine and treasurer of [[Emperor Jovan Nenad]] in the 16th century.
There have been almost two hundred different forms of the name Subotica in history. This is because the city has welcomed so many different peoples since the [[Middle Ages]]. They all wrote about it, naming it in their own languages, which, for the most part, did not fix their spelling until modern times.
The earliest known written record of Subotica is ''Zabadka'', which dates from 1391. This is a variant of the current [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] name for the city: ''Szabadka''. However, in its present spelling, it appeared for the first time relatively late (1679). The Hungarian name for the city derives from the adjective ''szabad'', meaning "free", and the suffix ''-ka'', an affectionate diminutive. Subotica’s earliest designation means, therefore, something like a "small" or "dear", "free place".
The city was renamed in the 1740s for [[Maria Theresa of Austria]], Archduchess of Austria and Queen of [[Bohemia]] and Hungary. The town was officially called ''Szent-Maria'' in 1743, but was renamed in 1779 as ''Maria-Theresiapolis''. These two official names were also spelled in several different ways (most commonly the [[German language|German]] ''Maria-Theresiopel'' or ''Theresiopel''), and were used in different languages. This name was abandoned in 1811 (with the [[Danube Swabians]] now referring to it mostly as ''Subotica'', and pronouncing it ''Suboditsa'').
The city's name in the other three official languages of Vojvodina are the same as the official name - [[Slovak language|Slovak]]: ''Subotica'', [[Pannonian Rusyn language|Rusyn]]: Суботица, [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Subotica'' or ''Subotiţa''.
==History==
===The Middle Ages and the struggle with the Ottoman Empire===
Subotica probably first became a settlement of note when people poured into it from nearby villages destroyed during the [[Tatar invasions]] of [[1241|1241-]]1242. When ''Zabadka'' was first recorded in 1391, Subotica was a tiny town in the middle of the medieval [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. Later, the city belonged to the [[Hunyadi]]s, one of the most influential aristocratic families in the whole of [[Central Europe]].
King [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary]] gave the town to one of his relatives, [[János Pongrác Dengelegi]], who, fearing an invasion by the [[Ottoman Empire]] fortified the castle of Subotica, erecting a fortress in 1470. Some decades later, after the [[Battle of Mohács]] in 1526, the medieval Kingdom of Hungary collapsed and Subotica gradually became a frontier town of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The majority of the Hungarian population fled northward to "[[Royal Hungary]]." [[Bálint Török]], a local noble who had ruled over Subotica, also escaped from the city.
In the extremely confused military and political situation following the defeat at Mohács, Subotica came under the control of Serbian [[mercenaries]] recruited in [[Banat]]. These soldiers were in the service of the [[Transylvania]]n general [[John Zápolya|John I Zápolya]], a later Hungarian king. The leader of these mercenaries, [[Emperor Jovan Nenad|Jovan Nenad the Black]], proclaimed himself tsar and founded an ephemeral independent state, with Subotica as its capital. This state comprised entire [[Bačka]], northern [[Banat]] and a small part of [[Syrmia|Srem]]. When Bálint Török returned and captured Subotica from the Serbs, Tsar Jovan Nenad moved his capital to [[Szeged]]. Some months later, in the summer of 1527, the self-proclaimed tsar was [[assassinated]] and his state collapsed.
The Ottoman Turks ruled the city from 1542 to 1686. At the end of this almost 150 year long period, not much remained of the old town of ''Zabadka''. Because much of the population had fled, the Turks encouraged the settlement of the area by different colonists from the [[Balkans]]. The settlers were mostly [[Serbian Orthodox|Orthodox]] [[Serbs]]. They cultivated the extremely fertile land around Subotica. In 1570, the population of Subotica numbered 49 houses, and in 1590, 63 houses. In 1687, the region was settled by [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] ''[[Dalmatia|Dalmatas]]'' (called [[Bunjevci]] today).
===Wars for Independence and Revolutions===
After the decisive battle against the Turks at [[Senta]] (Zenta) led by [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] on [[11 September]] [[1697]], Subotica became part of the [[Military Frontier|military border]] zone [[Potisje|Tisa]]-[[Pomorišje|Mureş]] established by the [[Habsburg Monarchy]]. In the meantime the uprising of [[Francis II Rákóczi]] broke out, which is also known as the [[Kuruc War]]. In the region of Subotica, Rákóczi joined battle against the ''[[Raci|Rac]] National Militia''. ''Rác'' was a designation for the South Slavic people (mostly [[Serbs]] and [[Bunjevci]]) and they often were referred to as ''rácok'' in Hungary. In a later period ''rácok'' came to mean, above all, Serbs of Orthodox religion.
The Serbian military families enjoyed several privileges thanks to their service for the Habsburg Monarchy. Subotica gradually, however, developed from being a mere garrison town to becoming a market town with its own civil charter in 1743. When this happened, many Serbs complained about the loss of their privileges. The majority left the town in protest and some of them founded a new settlement just outside 18th century Subotica in [[Aleksandrovo, Subotica|Aleksandrovo]], while others emigrated to [[Russia]]. In [[Nova Serbia|New Serbia]], a new Russian province established for them, those Serbs founded a new settlement and also named it ''Subotica''. In 1775 a Jewish community in Subotica was established.
It was perhaps to emphasise the new civic serenity of Subotica that the pious name ''[[Saint Mary]]'' came to be used for it at this time. Some decades later, in 1779, Empress [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] advanced the town's status further by proclaiming it a Free Royal Town. The enthusiastic inhabitants of the city renamed Subotica once more as ''Maria-Theresiopolis''.
This Free Royal Town status gave a great impetus to the development of the city. During the 19th century its population doubled twice, attracting many people from all over the [[Habsburg Monarchy]]. This led eventually to a considerable demographic change. In the first half of the 19th century, the Bunjevci had still been in the majority, but there was an increasing number of Hungarians and Jews settling in Subotica. This process was not stopped even by the outbreak of the [[Revolution of 1848|Hungarian Revolution]] in 1848/49.
It is remarkable that despite the diversity of their ethnic origins, the citizens of Subotica (mainly Bunjevci and Hungarians) united in defending Subotica in the battle at [[Kaponya]], [[March 5]] 1849. They repulsed the advancing Serbian troops from [[Sombor]] in the direction to [[Szeged]]. The town’s first newspaper was also a result of the 1848/49 revolutionary spirit. It was called ''Honunk állapota'' ("State of Our Homeland") and was published in Hungarian by Károly Bitterman’s local printing company.
Following the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution, Hungary was administered by [[Baron Alexander von Bach]] from 1849–1860. During this time, Subotica, together with the entire [[Bačka]] region, was separated from the Habsburg Hungary and become a part of a separate Austrian province, named [[Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]]. The administrative centre of this new province was not Subotica, but [[Timişoara]].
===From the Golden Age until after the World Wars===
[[Image:Subotica.JPG|thumb|250px|The historic theater at the beginning of 20th century. It was demolished in 2007]]
After the establishment of the [[Ausgleich|Dual-Monarchy]] in 1867, there followed what is often called the "golden age" of Subotica. The city had already acquired its impressive theatre in 1853, and many schools were opened after 1867. In 1869 the railway connected the city to the world. In 1896 an electrical power plant was built, further enhancing the development of the city and the whole region. Subotica now adorned itself with its remarkable Central European, [[fin de siècle]] architecture. In 1902 a Jewish synagogue was built in the Art Nouveau style.
Subotica belonged to the [[Austria-Hungary]] until the aftermath of [[World War I]] in 1918, when the city became part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]. Separated from the economic and cultural mainstream, it had to content itself with being a border-town in [[Yugoslavia]]. Subotica did not, for a time, experience again the dynamic prosperity it enjoyed in the years preceding World War I. However, at that time, Subotica was the third largest city in Yugoslavia by population, following [[Belgrade]] and [[Zagreb]].
In 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the [[Axis Powers]], and its northern parts, including Subotica, were annexed to [[Hungary]]. During [[World War II]], the so-called [[Horthy|Miklós Horthy]] era from 1941–1944, which had catastrophic consequences for Subotica, the city lost 7,000 of its citizens, mostly Serbs and Jews. Hungarian troops entered Subotica on April 11, 1941. During the war, Axis occupation troops killed numerous civilians. Before the war 6,000 Jews lived in Subotica. Many [[Jews]] were deported from the city during the [[Holocaust]], mostly to [[Auschwitz]]. In 1942 the first group of Jewish men was deported. On one deportation in 1944, the people in the front of the train were sent to [[Auschwitz]] while those in the back were sent to [[Strasshof]] forced labor camp in [[Austria]]. [[Strasshof]] was a small town in which a concentration camp was set up, holding 21,000 Jews in 1944. In April of 1944 a ghetto was set up. Also, many [[communists]] were put to death during Axis rule. Citizens of Subotica of all nationalities; Serbs, Hungarians, Bunjevci, Croats, Jews and others fought together in the Partisan resistance movement against the Axis authorities (The majority of the local Partisan leadership in Subotica, including the communist party secretary, were ethnic Hungarians or Hungarian-speaking Jews). In 1944, the Axis forces left from the city, and Subotica became part of the new socialist [[Yugoslavia]]. After the war, there were executions of those who collaborated with the Axis authorities during the war, as well as the killings of people for personal revenge during the transitional period until law and order in the new country was established.
In the post-war period Subotica has gradually modernised itself. During the [[Yugoslav wars|Yugoslav]] and [[Kosovo war|Kosovo]] wars of the 1990s, a considerable number of mostly Serb refugees came to the city from [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and [[Kosovo]], whilst some of the city's ethnic Hungarians and Croats left the country because of the economic crisis and the political pressures of the Milošević period (Some of the ethnic Serb residents also left the country because of the same reasons). During the break-up of Yugoslavia, local leaders in Subotica were drawn from political parties opposed to the policy of the central government in Belgrade.
==Inhabited places==
{{Subotica Labelled Map}}
The Subotica municipality comprises the Subotica city, the town of [[Palić]] and 17 villages. The villages are:
*[[Bajmok]]
*[[Bački Vinogradi]]
*[[Bačko Dušanovo]]
*[[Bikovo]]
*[[Višnjevac]]
*[[Gornji Tavankut]]
*[[Donji Tavankut]]
*[[Đurđin]]
*[[Kelebija]]
*[[Ljutovo]]
*[[Mala Bosna]]
*[[Mišićevo]]
*[[Novi Žednik]]
*[[Stari Žednik]]
*[[Hajdukovo]]
*[[Čantavir]]
*[[Šupljak]]
==City quarters==
*[[Prozivka]]
*[[Ker (Subotica)|Ker]]
*[[Centar 1]]
*[[Dudova Šuma]] (Radijalac)
*[[Železničko Naselje]]
*[[Novo Naselje (Subotica)|Novo Naselje]]
*[[Srpski Šor]]
*[[Zorka]]
*[[Kertvaroš]]
*[[Teslino Naselje]]
*[[Aleksandrovo, Subotica|Aleksandrovo]] (Šandor)
*[[Mali Bajmok]]
*[[Gat, Subotica|Gat]]
*[[Graničar]]
*[[Centar 3]] (Tokio)
*[[Bajnat]]
==Demographics==
{{main|Demographic history of Subotica}}
[[Image:Subotica ethnic.png|thumb|250px|Ethnic map of the Subotica municipality]]
===Ethnic groups in the municipality===
Subotica is a multiethnic city and municipality. The population of the Subotica municipality is composed of (according to 2002 census):
*[[Magyar people|Hungarians]] = 57,092 (38.47%)
*[[Serbs]] = 35,826 (24.14%)
*[[Croats]] = 16,688 (11.24%)
*[[Bunjevci]] = 16,254 (10.95%)
*[[Yugoslavs]] = 8,562 (5.76%)
*[[Montenegrins]] = 1,860 (1.25%)
*others
===Ethnic groups in the city===
The population of the Subotica city is composed of (according to 2002 census):
*[[Magyar people|Hungarians]] = 34,983 (34.99%)
*[[Serbs]] = 26,242 (26.25%)
*[[Bunjevci]] = 10,870 (10.87%)
*[[Croats]] = 10,424 (10.43%)
*[[Yugoslavs]] = 6,787 (6.79%)
*[[Montenegrins]] = 1,596 (1.60%)
*[[Roma people|Roma]] = 1,171 (1.17%)
*others
The city serves as the cultural and political centre for the Hungarians, Bunjevci, and Croats in Vojvodina. The largest percent of declared Yugoslavs in Vojvodina could be also found in Subotica.<br />
Croats in Subotica are mostly from Croat ethnic group of Bunjevci, while [[Šokci]] make smaller fraction of Subotican Croats. A sudden rise of persons declaring as Bunjevci in Subotica (followed with the decline of number of Croats) came in census 1991, after a half of decade of the rule of Slobodan Milošević in Serbia and rising anticroat rhetoric in Serbian media, with the JNA's attack on Croatia pending and the appearing of training camps of Serb paramilitary troops in Vojvodina.<br />
Despite all anticroat incidents since mid-1980s, Subotica is known as the city in which local Croats have the best relations with local Serbs in whole Serbia, that brought this city the title of city of ethnic tolerance.
===Settlements by ethnic majority===
The places with a [[Magyars|Hungarian]] absolute or relative ethnic majority are: Subotica (Hungarian: Szabadka), [[Palić]] (Hungarian: Palicsfürdő), [[Hajdukovo]] (Hungarian: Hajdújárás), [[Bački Vinogradi]] (Hungarian: Bácsszőlős), [[Šupljak]] (Hungarian: Alsóludas), [[Čantavir]] (Hungarian: Csantavér), [[Bačko Dušanovo]] (Hungarian: Zentaörs), and [[Kelebija]] (Hungarian: Alsókelebia).
The places with a [[Serbs|Serb]] absolute or relative ethnic majority are: [[Bajmok]], [[Višnjevac]], [[Novi Žednik]], and [[Mišićevo]].
The places with a [[Bunjevci|Bunjevac]] and [[Croats|Croat]] ethnic majority are: [[Mala Bosna]], [[Đurđin]], [[Donji Tavankut]], [[Gornji Tavankut]], [[Bikovo]], [[Stari Žednik]], and [[Ljutovo]].
Bajmok, Višnjevac, and Stari Žednik have over 20% Hungarians, just as in the places with a Hungarian majority (Subotica, Palić, Bačko Dušanovo, and Kelebija) in which over 20% are Serbs, Croats and Bunjevci.
===Languages===
Languages spoken in Subotica municipality (according to 2002 census):
*[[Serbian language|Serbian]] = 69,155 (46.60%) (*)
*[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] = 57,608 (38.82%)
*[[Croatian language|Croatian]] = 8,806 (5.93%) (*)
*other
(*) The total number of speakers of [[South Slavic languages]] (Serbian and Croatian) that live in the municipality is 77,961 (52.53%).
Note: The [[Bunjevac language]] is also spoken in Subotica, but it was not listed separately in the 2002 census results published by the Statistical Office of Serbia; the speakers of this language were listed in category "other languages". The number of those who speak "other languages" (presumably Bunjevac) in the Subotica municipality is 8,914. {{PDFlink|[http://webrzs.statserb.sr.gov.yu/axd/Zip/VJN3.pdf]|441 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 452227 bytes -->}} Some other members of the Bunjevac ethnic community declared in census that their language is Serbian or Croatian. Bunjevac is likely to be listed separately in the future censa, since the members of the Bunjevac ethnic community expressed the wish for affirmation of their language. They also expressed the wish to have school classes in Bunjevac, so the state is most likely to oblige.
===Religion===
[[Image:Sinagoga.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Subotica Synagogue]]]]
Religion in Subotica municipality (according to 2002 census):
*[[Roman Catholic]] = 93,521 (63.02%)
*[[Serbian Orthodox|Orthodox]] = 38,523 (25.96%)
*[[Protestant]] = 2,794 (1.88%)
*other
Subotica is the centre of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Subotica|Roman Catholic diocese]] of the [[Bačka]] region belonging to Serbia. The Subotica area has the highest concentration of Catholics in Serbia. Nearly 70% of the city's population are Catholics. The liturgical languages used in the city's Catholic churches are mostly Hungarian and Croatian. There are eight Catholic parish churches, a [[Franciscan]] spiritual centre (the city has communities of both Franciscan monks and Franciscan nuns), a female [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] community, and two congregations of [[Augustinian]] religious sisters. The diocese of Subotica has the only Catholic secondary school in Serbia (Paulinum).
Subotica had a Roman Catholic [[Beatification|Blessed]] working in it. When the nuns' orphanage and children's dome in [[Blato]] has exhausted the food funds for helping poor and hungry children, [[Marija Petković|Blessed Mary of Jesus Crucified Petković]] went to fertile pleains of [[Bačka]] and the seat of Bačka [[Apostolic Administration]], Subotica, to solicit help for the orphans and widows. In return, Bishop [[Ljudevit Lajčo Budanović]] asked her to found monasteries of her Order in Subotica and neighbourhood, so the locals can get spiritual gain from that nuns of her Order can provide them.. <ref>{{hr icon}} [http://marijapropetog.hr/arhiva_10_12_2005.htm Bl. Marija Petković] M. Stantić: Zauzimanje za siromahe - karizma danas </ref>. Marija Petković quickly notice that Bačka also had problems of numerous poor and abandoned children, so in 1923, she opened ''Kolijevka'', Children’s Home in Subotica. Today this city still has that Children's Home, although the nuns of Marija's Order aren't in that Home anymore.
Among another Christian communities, the members of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] are the most numerous. There are two [[Eastern Orthodox]] church buildings in the city; as well as two [[Protestant]] churches, [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] and [[Calvinism|Calvinist]], respectively.
The [[Jewish]] community of Subotica is the third largest in Serbia, after those in [[Belgrade]] and [[Novi Sad]]. The astounding proportions and beauty of the Hungarian style [[art nouveau]] [[synagogue]] are the legacy of a Jewish community that once numbered 6,000 members. About 1,000 of the original Jews of Subotica survived the Holocaust. Today, less than 200 people of Jewish origin remained in Subotica.
==Politics==
[[Image:Subotica17.jpg|thumb|Subotica City Hall]]
===2004 elections===
Seats in the municipal parliament won in the 2004 local elections: [http://www.cesid.org/lokalni2004/rezultati.jsp?opstina=80438]
*[[Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians]] (16)
*[[Democratic Party (Serbia)|Democratic Party]] (12)
*[[Serbian Radical Party]] (9)
*[[Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina]] (5)
*Subotica our city (5)
*[[G17 Plus]] (4)
*[[Together for Vojvodina]] (4)
*Opportunity (3)
*Coalition - Sunrise for Subotica (3)
*[[Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians]] (3)
*[[Serbian Strength Movement]] (3)
===2008 elections===
Results of 2008 local elections in Subotica municipality: [http://www.cesid.org/rezultati/sr_maj_2008-lokalni/index.jsp]
*[[For a European Serbia|For a European Subotica]] (40.16%)
*[[Hungarian Coalition]] (27.14%)
*[[Serbian list for Subotica]] (16.42%)
After the elections, coalition For a European Subotica (with 32 seats in the parliament), Hungarian Coalition (with 21 seats in the parliament) and [[Bunjevac Party of Vojvodina]] (with 1 seat in the parliament) formed local municipal government. [[Saša Vučinić]] from Democratic Party (For a European Subotica) is elected for mayor, and [[Jene Maglai]] from Hungarian Coalition is elected for president of municipal parliament. [http://www.rtv.rs/sr/vesti/vojvodina/subotica/2008_07_10/vest_72200.jsp]
==Buildings==
Unique in Serbia, Subotica has the most buildings built in art nouveau style. Especially the city hall (built in 1908-1910) and the Synagogue (1902) are from outstanding beauty. These were built by the same architects, by [[Marcell Komor]] and [[Dezső Jakab]] from [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]. Another exceptional example of art nouveau architecture is the actual Artistic Encounter building, which was built in 1904 by Ferenc J. Raichle.
The most remarkable church buildings are: the [[Catholic]] [[Cathedral]] of St. [[Theresa of Avila]] from 1797, the [[Franciscan]] [[Monastery]] from 1723, the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox churches]] also from the 18th century, the [[Jugendstil]] [[Subotica Synagogue]] from the [[turn-of-the-century]].
In recent years there has been an effort to restore the synagogue. Over $400,000 has been raised for the cause by 2004.
==Theater==
The historic theater of the town, which was built in 1854 as the first monumental public building in Subotica, was demolished in 2007, although it was declared a historic monument under state protection in 1983, and in 1991 it was added to the National Register as a monument of an extraordinary cultural value. An international campaign was organized both in Serbia and in Hungary to save the historic building. ICOMOS and INTBAU also protested against the decision, but with no avail. The historic centre of Subotica was severely damaged visually. Some scanty remains of the destroyed building will be allegedly incorporated into the new theater. <ref>http://www.kakanien.ac.at/weblogs/balkancities/2007/11/historic+theatre+in+subotica+demolished/</ref><ref>http://www.intbau.org/newsarchive2007.htm</ref>
==Education==
Subotica is not a university city but has some widely respected secondary schools and faculties.
===Secondary Schools===
[[Image:Tehnička Škola - Subotica.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Technical School]]
*Teachers' College, founded in 1689, the oldest college in the country and region
*"Svetozar Marković" grammar school [http://www.gimnazija.subotica.net/ web-site]
*"Dezső Kosztolányi" Philological grammar school
*"Paulinum" Grammar school of ancient languages of the Catholic Diocese of Subotica
*Music School
*"MESŠC" Electro-mechanical school, recently renamed to "Tehnička Škola - Subotica" (en. "Technical School") [http://www.tehnickaskolasubotica.edu.yu web-site]
*"Bosa Milićević" School of Economics
*Polytechnic school
*"Lazar Neśić" Chemistry school
*Medical school <!-- just what does "medical school" mean at a secondary school level?-->
===Notable faculties===
*Civil Engineering faculty [http://www.gf.su.ac.yu/ web-site]
*Electro-Mechanic-Programming faculty "VTŠ" [http://www.vts.su.ac.yu/ web-site]
*Economics faculty [http://www.eccf.su.ac.yu/ web-site]
*Teachers faculty in Hungarian language
*Kindergarten Teacher Training College [http://www.vsovsu.net/ web-site]
==Newspapers and magazines==
Newspapers and magazines published in Subotica:
* ''[[Subotičke novine]]'', main weekly newspaper in Serbian ([http://www.subnovine.co.yu/ web-site]).
* ''[[Magyar Szó]]'', in Hungarian, founded 1944, published in Subotica since 2006.
* ''[[Bunjevačke novine]]'', in Bunjevac.
* ''[[Hrvatska riječ]]'', in Croatian.
==Economy==
Surroundings of Subotica are mainly farmland but the city itself is an important industrial and transportation centre in Serbia.
==Famous citizens==
*[[Emperor Jovan Nenad]] (?-1527), a self-proclaimed "[[tsar]]".
*[[Radoslav Čelnik]], the general commander of Emperor Jovan Nenad's army.
*[[Subota Vrlić]], a palatine and treasurer of Emperor Jovan Nenad.
*[[Fabijan Literat]], an emissary of Emperor Jovan Nenad to foreign rulers.
*[[Jovan Dolić]], an emissary of Emperor Jovan Nenad to foreign rulers.
*[[György Arnold]] (1771-1848), componist.
*[[József Bártfay]] (1812-1864), lawyer, writer.
*[[Ivan Sarić]] (1876-1966), aviation pioneer and cyclist.
*[[Đuro Stantić]] (1878-1918), a world champion in [[racewalking]].
*[[Aleksandar Lifka]] (1880-1952), a central-European cinematographer.
*[[Dezső Kosztolányi]] (1885-1936), Hungarian poet and prose-writer.
*[[Géza Csáth]] (1887-1919), a tragic physician-writer.
*[[Tibor Sekelj]] (1912-1988), explorer, esperantist, writer.
*[[Jovan Mikić Spartak]] (1914-1944), the leader of the Partisans in Subotica, and a national hero who was killed in 1944.
*[[Gyula Cseszneky]] (b. 1914), poet, voivode.
*[[Juci Komlós]] (b. 1919), actress.
*[[Sava Babić]] (b. 1934), writer, translator and university professor.
*[[Danilo Kiš]] (1935-1989), possibly the most well-known Serbian writer alongside the Nobel laureate [[Ivo Andrić]].
*[[Eva Ras]] (b. 1941), actress, painter and Serbian writer.
*[[József Kasza]] (b. 1945), politician and former chairman of the party [[Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians]].
*[[Sylvester Levay|Szilveszter Lévai]] (b. 1945), Hungarian composer.
*[[Sreten Damjanović]] (b. 1946), wrestler.
*[[John Simon (critic)|John Simon]], American theatre critic
*[[Veljko Milković]] (b. 1949), inventor.
*[[Momir Petković]] (b. 1953), wrestle champion.
*[[Refik Memišević]] (b. 1956), wrestle champion.
*[[Zoran Kalinić]] (b. 1958), table tennis champion.
*[[Pierre Jovanovic]] (b. 1960), French writer and reporter. (http://www.jovanovic.com)
*[[Gyula Mester junior]] (Đula Mešter), born in 1972, voleyball player.
*[[Bojana Radulovics]] (b. 1973), handball player.
*[[Félix Lajkó]] (b. 1974), a "world music" violinist and composer.
*[[Péter Lékó]] (b. 1979), Hungary's number one chess player.
*[[Magdolna Rúzsa]] (b. 1985), Hungarian pop singer.
*[[Julija Sabanov]] (b. 1987), tennis player.
*[[Bruck Matija]] (Bruk Matjas), chemist, creator of Kosan.
*[[Vilmos Harangozó]], table tennis player.
*[[Slobodan Vujačić]] (1948-2005), successful businessman and handball expert.
*Dr. [[Mirjana Stantić-Pavlinić]] (b. 1947), authority in rabies research.
*Dr. [[Vinko Perčić]] (1911-1989), authority in [[gastroenterology]] and internal medicine
==International cooperation==
===Twin cities===
Subotica is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the following cities:
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Image:WĘG_Segedyn_COA.jpg|15px]] '''[[Szeged]]''', [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Image:Dunajská Streda - erb.svg|15px]] ''' [[Dunajská Streda]]''', [[Slovakia]]
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Image:Olomouc coat-of-arms.png|15px]] '''[[Olomouc]]''', [[Czech Republic]]
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Image:Coa odorheiu secuiesc ro.gif|15px]] '''[[Odorheiu Secuiesc]]''', [[Romania]]
===Partner Cities===
Subotica is a partner city with the following:
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} '''[[Baja, Hungary|Baja]]''', [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Image:Coat of arms of Budapest.png|15px]] '''[[Budapest]]''', [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|Slovenia}} '''[[Izola]]''', [[Slovenia]]
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} '''[[Kecskemét]]''', [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} '''[[Kiskunhalas]]''', [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Image:Muenchen Kleines Stadtwappen.svg|15px]] '''[[München]]''', [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Image:Armes province namur.png|15px]] '''[[Namur (city)|Namur]]''', [[Belgium]]
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Osijek Coat of Arms.gif|15px]] -->'''[[Osijek]]''', [[Croatia]]
* {{flagicon|Netherlands}} '''[[Tilburg]]''', [[Netherlands]]
* {{flagicon|Finland}} '''[[Turku]]''', [[Finland]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Ulm]]''', [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[Wolverhampton]]''', [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} '''[[Zagreb]]''', [[Croatia]]
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} '''[[Zirc]]''', [[Hungary]]
==See also==
*[[List of mayors of Subotica]]
*[[List of cities in Serbia]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
* Recent (2002) statistical information comes from the Serbian statistical office.
** Ethnic statistics: {{PDFlink|[http://webrzs.statserb.sr.gov.yu/axd/Zip/SN31.pdf КОНАЧНИ РЕЗУЛТАТИ ПОПИСА 2002]|477 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 488946 bytes -->}}, САОПШTЕЊЕ СН31, брoј 295 • год. LII, 24.12.2002, YU ISSN 0353–9555. Accessed 17 Jan 2006. On page 6–7, Становништво према националној или етничкој припадности по попису 2002. Statistics can be found on the lines for "Суботица" (Subotica).
** Language and religion statistics: [http://webrzs.statserb.sr.gov.yu/axd/Zip/VJN3.pdf Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u 2002], ISBN 86-84433-02-5. Accessed 17 Jan 2006. On page 11–12: СТАНОВНИШТВО ПРЕМА ВЕРОИСПОВЕСТИ, СТАНОВНИШТВО ПРЕМА МАТЕРЊЕМ ЈЕЗИКУ. Statistics can be found on the lines for "Суботица" (Subotica).
==External links==
{{commonscat|Subotica}}
* [http://www.subotica.co.yu/en/index.htm The official website of Subotica]
* [http://www.subotica.biz/index.html The official business site of Subotica]
* [http://www.subotica.com/ Subotica.com - city on the palm of hand]
* {{Sr icon}} [http://www.subotica.net News from Subotica]
* [http://www.suboticka-biskupija.info The official website of the Roman Catholic diocise of Subotica]
* [http://www.sos-sinagoga.org.yu SOS Synagogue]
* [http://www.subotica.co.yu/en/history/historyMAIN.htm Excerpts from the history of Subotica and its surrounding area]
* [http://www.bunjevci.org.rs/ Bunjevci]
==Images==
<center><gallery>
Image:Green_fountain_in_Subotica.jpg|Zsolnay fountain and the City Library behind
Image:Emperor_Jovan_Nenad.JPG|Statue of Emperor [[Emperor Jovan Nenad|Jovan Nenad]] in Subotica
Image:Library in Subotica.jpg|Library in Subotica
Image:Theatre in subotica.jpg|The old theatre before its destruction
</gallery></center>
{{North Bačka District}}
{{Municipalities of Serbia}}
{{Historical capitals of Serbia}}
[[Category:Subotica|*]]
[[Category:Places in Bačka]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Vojvodina]]
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