Substantia nigra
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{{Infobox Brain|
Name = Substantia nigra |
Latin = |
GraySubject = 188 |
GrayPage = 802 |
Image = cn3nucleus.png |
Caption = Section through [[superior colliculus]] showing path of [[oculomotor nerve]]. |
Image2 = Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png |
Caption2 = [[Coronal plane|Coronal]] slices of human brain showing the [[basal ganglia]], [[globus pallidus]]: external segment (GPe), [[subthalamic nucleus]] (STN), [[globus pallidus]]: internal segment (GPi), and substantia nigra (SN, red). The right section is the deeper one, closer to the back of the head. |
Width = 350 |
IsPartOf = [[Mesencephalon|Midbrain]], [[Basal ganglia]]|
Components = |
Artery = |
Vein = |
BrainInfoType = hier |
BrainInfoNumber = 527 |
MeshName = Substantia+Nigra |
MeshNumber = A08.186.211.132.659.687 |
}}
The '''substantia nigra''' ([[Latin]] for "black substance", [[Samuel Thomas von Sömmering|Sömmering]]) or '''locus niger''' is a heterogeneous portion of the [[Mesencephalon|midbrain]], separating the pes (foot) from the tegmentum (covering), and an accessory to the [[basal ganglia]] system.
==Components==
It consists of two strongly contrasted ensembles, the ''[[pars compacta]]'' and adjacent dopaminergic groups, and another ensemble made up of the ''[[pars reticulata]]'' and the ''pars lateralis''. The latter two, along with the pallidal nuclei, are elements of the core of the [[basal ganglia]]. Although intricate and interconnected, the two ensembles must imperatively be distinguished.
The ''substantia nigra compacta and surrounding'' is responsible for [[dopamine]] production in the brain, and therefore plays a vital role in [[reward system|reward]] and [[addiction]].
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Gray678.png|Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (I to V).
Image:Gray685.png|Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Image:Gray690.png|Deep dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Image:Gray710.png|Coronal section through mid-brain.
Image:Gray711.png|Transverse section of mid-brain at level of inferior colliculi.
Image:Gray712.png|Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi.
Image:Gray717.png|Coronal section of brain immediately in front of pons.
Image:Human brain frontal (coronal) section description 2.JPG|Human brain frontal (coronal) section
Image:Dopamineseratonin.gif|Dopamine and serotonin
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[Basal ganglia]]
*[[Brain stem]]
*[[Cerebral peduncle]]
*[[Dopamine]]
*[[Mesencephalon]]
*[[List of regions in the human brain]]
*[[Parkinson's disease]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{BrainstemWisconsin|20Substantia}}
* {{BrainMaps|substantia%20nigra|substantia nigra}}
* [http://www.prometheus.uni-tuebingen.de/sec/vl/documents/42/bgana_normal.gif Diagram at uni-tuebingen.de]
* [http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2003_Groups/Deep_Brain_Stimulation/motorloop.html Diagram and explanation of cortico-basal pathways]
{{Mesencephalon}}
{{Basal ganglia}}
[[Category:Midbrain]]
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