Suite 190256 223990097 2008-07-06T21:08:26Z Gaius Cornelius 293907 Tidy using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] <!-- UNTAGGED 06-Nov-2006: {{Mergefrom|Suite_de_Danses|date=September 2006}} --> {{alternateuses}} In [[music]], a '''suite''' is an ordered set of [[instrumental]] or [[orchestra]]l pieces normally performed in a [[concert]] setting rather than as accompaniment; they may be extracts from an [[opera]], [[ballet]], (''[[Nutcracker Suite]]'') or [[incidental music]] to a play (''[[L'Arlésienne Suites]]'') or film (''[[Lieutenant Kijé (Prokofiev)|Lieutenant Kije Suite]]''), or they may be entirely original movements (''[[Holberg Suite]]'', ''[[The Planets]]''). In the [[Baroque music|Baroque]] era the suite was more precisely defined, with the pieces unified by [[Key (music)|key]],<ref name=SuiteEB> "suite - Encyclopædia Britannica" (overview), ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2006, Britannica.com webpage: [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9070206/suite BritannicaCom-suite]. </ref> and consisting of dances usually preceded by a [[prelude (music)|prelude]] or [[overture]].<ref name=SuiteEB/> The suite was also known as ''Suite de danses'', ''Ordre'' (the term favored by [[François Couperin]]) or ''[[Partita]]''. In the eighteenth century, the term [[ouverture]] or overture may refer to the entire suite, as it does with the orchestral suites of [[Bach]]. ==History== [[Estienne du Tertre]] published ''suyttes de bransles'' in 1557, giving the first general use of the term "suite" (''suyttes'') in music, although the usual form of the time was as pairs of dances. The first recognizable suite is [[Peuerl]]'s ''Newe Padouan, Intrada, Dantz, and Galliarda'' of 1611, in which the four dances of the title appear repeatedly in ten suites. The ''Banchetto musicale'' by [[Johann Schein]] (1617) contains 20 sequences of five different dances. The "classical" suite consisted of [[allemande]], [[courante]], [[sarabande]], and [[gigue]], in that order, and developed during the 17th century in [[France]], the gigue appearing later than the others. [[Johann Jakob Froberger]] is usually credited with establishing the classical suite through his compositions in this form, which were widely published and copied. Many later suites included other movements placed between sarabande and gigue. These optional movements were known as ''[[galanteries]]'': common examples are the [[minuet]], [[gavotte]], [[passepied]], and [[bourree]]. Often there would be two contrasting ''galanteries'' with the same name, e.g. Minuet I and II, to be played ''alternativement'', meaning that the first dance is played again after the second, thus I, II, I. The later addition of an [[overture]] to make up an "overture-suite" was extremely popular with German composers; [[Georg Philipp Telemann|Telemann]] claimed to have written over 200 overture-suites, [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J.S. Bach]] had his four orchestral suites along with other suites, and [[George Frideric Handel]] put his ''[[Water Music]]'' and ''[[Music for the Royal Fireworks]]'' in this form. Handel wrote 22 keyboard suites; Bach produced multiple suites for [[cello]], [[violin]], [[flute]], and other instruments, as well as [[English suites]], [[French Suites, BWV 812–817|French suites]] and [[Partitas, BWV 825–830|Partita]]s for keyboard. For Bach especially, the suite form was a base on which to spin more elaborate sequences. [[François Couperin]]'s later suites often dispensed entirely with the standard dances and consisted entirely of character pieces with fanciful names. By the 1750s, the suite had come to be seen as old-fashioned, superseded by the [[symphony]] and [[concerto]], and few composers were still writing suites during that time. In the 19th century, the term "suite" made a comeback, but now meaning either: :* an instrumental selection from a larger work such as an [[opera]], [[ballet]], film score, or musical; :* a sequence of smaller pieces tied together by a common theme, such as the nationalistically inflected suites of [[Grieg]], [[Jean Sibelius|Sibelius]], or [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]] and the Planets by [[Gustav Holst|Holst]]; or, :* a work deliberately referential of Baroque themes, as in the mischievous ''[[Suite for Piano]]'' by [[Arnold Schoenberg]]. Brought on by [[Impressionism]], the piano suite was reintroduced in early 20th century French composers such as [[Maurice Ravel]] and [[Claude Debussy]]. Debussy's [[Suite bergamasque]] is most likely one of the most famous suites, especially the third movement, Clair de Lune. Ravel is particularly well known for his [[Mirroirs]] suite for piano and lesser known for [[Le Tombeau de Couperin]], both requiring tremendous skill and dexterity by the pianist. Other famous examples of early 20th century suites are ''[[The Planets Suite|The Planets]]'' by [[Gustav Holst]], a 'Suite for Orchestra' in which each piece represents the [[astrology|astrological]] significance of one of the seven uninhabited planets then known, as well as his [[First Suite in E-flat for Military Band|First Suite in E-flat]] and [[Second Suite in F for Military Band]]. ==Form of ''suite de danses''== {{dablink|See also: [[Baroque music#The baroque suite|Baroque suite]]}} The term '''''suite de danses''''' ({{IPA2|sɥit də dɑ̃s}}) was the early 17th century name given to a set of [[dance]]s, which was popularised in the [[Baroque]] era. ===Sections=== The Suite de dances would contain the following sections: * [[Prelude (music)|Prelude]] (optional) * [[Allemande]] - Literally translates from French as the word 'German'. It is a stately German dance with a meter of 4/4. * [[Courante]] or Corrente - A Courante is a lively French dance in 3/4 time, while the Corrente is an Italian dance in quick 3/4. * [[Sarabande]] - A Sarabande is a slow, stately Spanish dance in 3/4 time. * Intermezzi - This section consists of two to four dances at the discretion of the composer that may include a [[Minuet]], [[Bouree]], [[Polonaise]], and/or a [[Gavotte]]). * [[Gigue]] or giga - The Gigue or 'Jig' originates in England, and is a fast dance, normally with a meter of 6/8. The Italian giga is rarer than the gigue, and is faster with running passages over a harmonic basis. ==References== <references/> == See also == {{Music portal}} [[Category:Musical forms]] [[bg:Сюита]] [[ca:Suite]] [[cs:Suita]] [[de:Suite (Musik)]] [[el:Σουίτα]] [[es:Suite]] [[eo:Suito]] [[fr:Suite de danses]] [[hr:Suita]] [[it:Suite (musica)]] [[he:סוויטה]] [[lt:Siuita]] [[hu:Szvit]] [[nl:Suite]] [[ja:組曲]] [[no:Suite (musikk)]] [[nn:Suite]] [[pl:Suita]] [[pt:Suíte]] [[ru:Сюита]] [[simple:Suite (music)]] [[sk:Suita (hudba)]] [[sl:Suita]] [[fi:Sarja (musiikki)]] [[sv:Svit (musik)]] [[th:สวีต (ดนตรี)]] [[uk:Сюїта]] [[zh:组曲]]