Sunday
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/64.231.185.93|64.231.185.93]] to last version by Echosmoke (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
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[[Image:Solvogn.jpg|thumb|200px|The [[Trundholm sun chariot]] pulled by a horse is believed to depict [[Alfrodull]], illustrating an important part of [[Nordic Bronze Age]] mythology.]]
'''Sunday''' is the [[days of the week|day of the week]] between [[Saturday]] and [[Monday]]. In the [[Jewish]] law it is the first day of the [[Hebrew calendar]] week. In many Christian traditions it is the [[Christian Sabbath]], which replaced the Jewish [[Shabbat]].<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14335a.htm for Christians it began to take the place of the Jewish Sabbath in Apostolic times as the day set apart for the public and solemn worship of God. The practice of meeting together on the first day of the week for the celebration of the Eucharistic Sacrifice is indicated in Acts, xx 7; I Cor., xvi, 2; in Apoc., i, 10, it is called the Lord's day.</ref> It has traditionally been the first day of the week, but from the mid-twentieth century it is regarded as the seventh day of the [[civil calendar]] week.<ref>For instance, the International Standard [[ISO 8601]], which defines – among other things – the [[ISO week date]]. This Monday-to-Sunday week and week-numbering scheme is followed by most commercial calendars printed in Europe.</ref>
Sunday is named after '''Sunna''' ([[Sól (Sun)|Sól]]), Germanic goddess of the sun, from which the word [[sun]] also is derived. The practice of naming the seven days after the then known "planets" goes back to Babylonian or Egyptian times and was adopted by Greeks and Romans.
Sunday is considered a non-working day in many countries of the world, and are part of "the weekend". Countries predominantly influenced by Jewish or Islamic religions have Friday or Saturday as a weekly non-working day instead.
The [[Gregorian calendar]] repeats every 400 years, and no [[century]] starts on a Sunday. The [[Jewish New Year]] never falls on a Sunday. Any month beginning on a Sunday will contain a [[Friday the 13th]].
In the folk rhyme ''[[Monday's Child]]'', "... the child that is born on the Sabbath Day is bonny and blithe and good and gay."
In [[Thailand]], the color associated with Sunday is red. <ref>[[Thai solar calendar|Thailand colour]]</ref>
== The name Sunday ==
In Ptolemaic [[Egyptian astrology]], the seven known celestial bodies then considered [[planets]]—[[Saturn]], [[Jupiter]], [[Mars]], the [[Sun]], [[Venus]], [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], and the [[Moon]]—had an hour of the day assigned to each in that order, but the planet which was "regent" during the first hour of any day of the week gave its name to that day. The [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] form of the seven-day week spread to Rome during the first and second century when the Roman names of the planets were given to each successive day.
Germanic-speaking nations apparently adopted the seven-day week from the Romans, so that the Roman ''dies Solis'' became Sunday (German, ''Sonntag''), likely in reference to the Germanic [[Sól (Sun)|sun goddess Sunna]]. The Christians reinterpreted the indigenous name as implying the Sun of Righteousness with reference to his "arising" ({{bibleverse||Malachi|4:2|KJV}}) {{Fact|date=June 2007}}. It was also called ''Dies Panis'' (''Day of Bread''), because it was an early custom to break bread on that day.<ref name="CBTEL">{{cite book
| last = McClintock
| first = John
| authorlink = John McClintock
| coauthors = James Strong
| title = Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature
| year = 1891
| publisher = Harper & Brothers
| location = New York
| chapter = Sunday
}}</ref>
In most of the Indian Languages, the word for Sunday is or '''Ravivar''', '''Adivar''' and '''It'var''', with ''Adi'' (Ah'-Dee) or ''Ravi'' being the [[Sanskrit]] names for the Sun.
The first Christian reference to Sunday is found in the ''[[First Apology]]'' of St. [[Justin Martyr]] (c. 150 AD). In a well-known passage of the ''Apology'' (Chapter 67), Justin describes the Christian custom of gathering for worship on Sunday. "And on the day called Sunday [τῇ τοῦ ῾Ηλίου λεγομένη ἡμέρᾳ], all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits . . .", he writes. Evidently Justin used the term ''Sunday'' because he was writing to a non-Christian, pagan audience. In Justin's time, Christians usually called Sunday the [[Lord's Day]] (because they observed it as a weekly memorial of Jesus Christ's resurrection).<ref>{{cite book
| editor =Alexander Roberts, D.D. & James Donaldson, LL.D.
| title =Chapter LXVII.—Weekly worship of the Christians.
| work =The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus
| url =http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.viii.ii.lxvii.html
| accessdate =2007-01-13 }}</ref>
Sunday has also been called "the Eighth Day" (because of the Roman Catholic belief that Christ's resurrection on the day following the [[Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism|seventh-day Sabbath]] is a portal to timeless eternity that transcends the seven-day weekly cycle).<ref>{{cite paper
| author =[[John Paul II]]
| title =APOSTOLIC LETTER DIES DOMINI OF THE HOLY FATHER JOHN PAUL II TO THE BISHOPS, CLERGY AND FAITHFUL OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ON KEEPING THE LORD'S DAY HOLY
| publisher =The Vatican
| date =1998-07-05
| url =http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_05071998_dies-domini_en.html
| accessdate =2007-01-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title =THE THIRD COMMANDMENT
| work =Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2nd edition
| url =http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s2c1a3.htm#2174
| accessdate =2007-01-13 }}</ref>
== Position in the week ==
In the Judaeo-Christian tradition Sunday has been considered as the first day of the week. However, in some countries calendars show Monday as day 1 of the week. There are also countries where both types of calendar can be found, which causes trouble for over-enthusiastic computer software that attempts to dictate a user's calendrical preferences based purely on his location.
A number of languages appear to reflect Sunday's status as the first day of the week. In Greek, the names of the days Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday (''Δευτέρα'', ''Τρίτη'', ''Τετάρτη'', and ''Πέμπτη'') mean "second", "third", "fourth", and "fifth", respectively. This suggests that Sunday was once counted as ''Πρώτη'', that is, "first". The current Greek name for Sunday, ''Κυριακή'', means "Lord's Day". A similar system of naming days of the week occurs in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. Monday is ''segunda-feira'', which means "second day", also showing Sunday (''domingo'') to be counted as the first day. Similarly modern [[Latin]] uses "feria secunda" for Monday.
On the other hand, [[Slavic languages|Slavonic languages]] use day-numbers that implicitly number Monday as 1, not 2. For example, [[Polish language|Polish]] has ''czwartek'' (4) for Thursday and ''piątek'' (5) for Friday. [Hungarian ''péntek'' (Friday) is a cognate of this, although, Hungarian not being a Slavonic or even Indo-European language, the correlation with "5" is not evident to a Hungarian speaker].
The truth is that day names in languages rapidly become ''names of days'' and lose whatever independent meaning they once had. The French do not celebrate a feast of Mercury on ''mercredi'' (Wednesday), nor do the English make shrines to Thor on Thursday. Thus the fact that the [[Arabic]] language also counts Sunday as the first day of the week (أحد, ''ahad''—"one"), and keeps on counting Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday as "two", "three" and "four", says nothing about Arabic or Islamic culture but merely reflects ancient linguistic history. In many Arab countries the weekend is on Thursday and Friday, thus making Saturday (in Arabic: سبت, ''sabat'') the first day of the working week.
==Sunday and the Sabbath==<!-- do not edit heading name without Talk; heading is linked by other articles.-->
{{seealso|Sabbath in Christianity}}
[[Early Christians|Christians from very early times]] have had differences of opinion on the question of whether the Sabbath should be observed on a Saturday or a Sunday. The issue does not arise for [[Jews]], for whom the [[Shabbat]] is unquestionably on Saturday, nor for [[Muslim]]s whose day of assembly ([[jumu'ah]]) is on a Friday.
The first evidence of a differentiation from the traditional Jewish Shabbat observance, and the religious observance of the first day of the week, appears in Acts 20:7 where the disciples met to participate in the ordinance of the sacrament. Col 2:16 also demonstrates that the early Christians were beginning to differ from their Jewish neighbors, not only in the new tradition of eating foods that had been prohibited under Judaism, but also in their observance of the Sabbath day. The Apostle John also refers to the "Lord's Day" in Rev 1:10 - indicating that those to whom he was writing were familiar with the term. Some early [[Jewish Christians]] observed the Sabbath on Saturday, but by the first half of the second century an increasing number of Christians would gather for worship on [[Lord's day|Sunday]]. Some continued to observe the Sabbath on Saturday, until even the crusader period. The practice was discouraged, but not suppressed.
On [[7 March]] [[321]], [[Constantine I]] decreed that Sunday (''dies Solis'') will be observed as the Roman day of rest [CJ3.12.2]:
:''On the venerable day of the Sun let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed. In the country however persons engaged in agriculture may freely and lawfully continue their pursuits because it often happens that another day is not suitable for grain-sowing or vine planting; lest by neglecting the proper moment for such operations the bounty of heaven should be lost.'' <ref>Given the 7th day of March, Crispus and Constantine being consuls each of them for the second time. [[Codex Justinianus]], lib. 3, tit. 12, 3; translated by Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church, Vol. 3 (1902), p. 380, note.</ref>
Though some Christians use the decree in support of the move of the Sabbath day to Sunday, in fact the decree was in support of the worship of the Sun-God (see [[Sol Invictus]]). In any event, the decree did not apply to Christians or Jews. It was part of the Roman civil law and religion and not an edict of the Church.
Many Christians today consider Sunday to be the Sabbath day, a [[holy]] day and a [[day of rest]] and church-attendance. Denominations which observe Saturday as the Sabbath are called [[Sabbatarians]]; however, the name [[Sabbatarian]] has also been claimed by Christians, especially Protestants, who believe Sunday must be observed with just the sort of rigorous abstinence from work associated with the Jewish Sabbath (exemplified by [[Eric Liddell]] as depicted in the film ''[[Chariots of Fire]]''). For most Christians the custom and obligation of Sunday rest has not been as strict.
In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]] families and communities, some activities are not done, e.g. working, doing something that requires somebody else to work such as buying goods or services (including the use of [[public transport]]), [[driving]] a car, [[gardening]], washing a car, etc.{{Verify source|date=March 2008}} Exceptions which are allowed are making use of religious services, and, usually, using electricity, and urgent medical matters. In Russian, the word for Saturday is ''Subota'' ("Sabath"). In Roman Catholicism, those who work in the medical field, in law enforcement, or soldiers in a war zone are dispensed from the usual obligation to avoid work on Sunday.
The majority of Christians have continued to observe the Sabbath on Sunday ever since, although throughout history one sometimes finds Christian groups that continued or revived the observance of the Saturday Sabbath. More recently in history, Christians in the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]], [[Seventh Day Baptist]], and [[Church of God]] (Seventh-Day) denominations (along with many related or similar denominations), as well as many [[Messianic Jews]], have revived the practice of abstaining from work and gathering for worship on Saturdays.
Many languages lack separate words for "Saturday" and "Sabbath". [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] churches, as well as many [[Roman Catholic]]s, distinguish between the Sabbath (Saturday) and Sunday, which some Christians traditionally call the [[Lord's Day]] ({{bibleverse||Rev.|1:10|KJV}}). However, many [[Protestant]]s and Roman Catholics do refer to Sunday as the Sabbath, though this is by no means a universal practice among Protestants and Catholics. [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]] traditionally refer to Sunday as "First Day" eschewing the [[paganism|pagan]] origin of the English name.
In [[Roman Catholic|Roman Catholicism]] liturgy, Sunday begins on Saturday evening. The evening Mass on Saturday is liturgically a full Sunday Mass and fulfils the obligation of Sunday Mass attendance, and [[Vespers]] (evening prayer) on Saturday night is liturgically 'first Vespers' of the Sunday. The same evening anticipation applies to other major solemnities and feasts, and is an echo of the Jewish practice of starting the new day at sunset (so that Sabbath starts on the Friday night).
In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], Sunday begins at the [[Little Entrance]] of Vespers (or [[All-Night Vigil]]) on Saturday evening and runs until "Vouchsafe, O Lord" (after the ''[[prokeimenon]]'') of Vespers on Sunday night. During this time, the [[dismissal]] at all services begin with the words, "May Christ our True God, who rose from the dead…". Anyone who wishes to receive [[Holy Communion]] at [[Divine Liturgy]] on Sunday morning is required to attend Vespers the night before (see [[Eucharistic discipline]]). Among Orthodox Christians, Sunday is considered to be a "Little [[Easter|Pascha]]" (Easter), and because of the Paschal joy, the making of [[poklon|prostrations]] is forbidden, except in certain circumstances. The Russian The word for Sunday is ''Voskresenie'', meaning "Resurrection day". In Greek the word for Sunday is ''Kyriake'' (the "Lord's Day").
The [[Polish language|Polish]] word for Sunday (''niedziela'') can be translated as "without acts (work)"
==Common occurrences on Sunday==
In the [[United States]], professional [[American football]] is usually played on Sunday, although Saturday and Monday (via ''[[Monday Night Football]]'') also see some professional games. [[College]] football usually occurs on Saturday, and [[high school|high-school]] football tends to take place on Friday night or Saturday afternoon.
In the United States and [[Canada]], [[National Basketball Association]] and [[National Hockey League]] games, which are usually played at night during the week, are frequently played during daytime hours - often broadcast on national television. [[Major League Baseball]] usually schedules all Sunday games in the daytime except for the nationally televised [[Sunday Night Baseball]] matchup. Certain historically religious cities such as [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] and [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]] among others will schedule games no earlier than 1:35 PM to ensure time for people who go to religious service in the morning can get to the game in time.
In the [[UK]] [[club]] and [[Premier League|premiership]] football matches and tournaments usually take place even [[Rugby football|Rugby]] matches and tournaments usually take place in club grounds or [[park]]s on Sunday mornings. It is not uncommon for church attendance to shift on days when a late morning or early afternoon game is anticipated by a local community.
Also in the United States, many federal government buildings are closed on Sunday. Privately owned businesses also tend to close or are open for shorter periods of the day than on other days of the week.
Many American and British television networks and stations also broadcast their [[Sunday-morning interview shows|political interview shows]] on Sunday mornings.
Many American and British daily [[newspaper]]s publish a larger edition on Sundays, which often includes [[color]] [[comic strip]]s, a [[magazine]], and a [[coupon]] section.
Most [[NASCAR Sprint Cup]], [[Indy Racing League]] and [[Champ Car]] events are held on Sundays. [[Formula One]] and [[MotoGP]] races are also held on Sundays with qualifying taking place on Saturday.
In [[Ireland]], [[Gaelic football]] and [[hurling]] matches are predominantly played on Sundays, with the second and fourth Sundays in September always playing host to the All-Ireland hurling and football championship finals, respectively.
[[Radio]] stations often play specialty radio shows such as [[Casey Kasem]]'s countdown or other nationally syndicated radio shows that may differ from their regular weekly music patterns on Sunday morning and/or Sunday evening.
In [[Alabama]], [[Dominoes]] may not be played on Sunday.
== Named days ==
*[[Easter Sunday]] is the most important day in the Christian calendar.
*[[Octave of Easter|Low Sunday]], first Sunday after Easter, is also known as the Octave of Easter, White Sunday, Quasimodo Sunday, Alb Sunday, Antipascha Sunday, and [[Divine Mercy Sunday]].
*[[Palm Sunday]] is the Sunday before Easter.
*[[Passion Sunday]], formerly denoting the fifth Sunday of [[Lent]]; since [[1970]] the term applies to the following Sunday also known as [[Palm Sunday]].
*[[Septuagesima]], [[Sexagesima]] and [[Quinquagesima]] Sunday are the last three Sundays before [[Lent]]. ''Quinquagesima'' ("fiftieth"), is the fiftieth day before Easter, reckoning inclusively; but ''Sexagesima'' is not the sixtieth day and ''Septuagesima'' is not the seventieth but is the sixty-fourth day prior. The use of these terms was abandoned by the Catholic church in the [[1970]] calendar reforms (the Sundays before Lent are now simply "Sundays in ordinary time" with no special status). However, their use is still continued in [[Lutheran]] tradition: for example, "Septuagesimae".
*[[Stir-up Sunday]] is the last Sunday before [[Advent]].
*[[Whitsunday]] "White Sunday" is the day of [[Pentecost]].
*[[Trinity Sunday]] is the first Sunday after [[Pentecost]].
*[[Gaudete Sunday]] is the third Sunday of [[Advent]].
*[[Laetare Sunday]] is the fourth Sunday of [[Lent]].
*[[Good Shepherd Sunday]] is the fourth Sunday of Easter.
*[[Super Bowl|Super Bowl Sunday]]
*[[Bloody Sunday]]
*[[Selection Sunday]]
== See also ==
{{commonscat|Sunday}}
*[[Blue law]]s
*[[Black Sunday]]
*[[Cold Sunday]]
*[[Gloomy Sunday]]
*[[Palm Sunday]]
*[[Sol Invictus]]
*[[Surya]]
*[[Sunday shopping]]
*[[Sunday roast]]
*[[Sunday Christian]]
*[[Sunday school]]
*[[Sunday Morning]]
*[[Sunday (computer virus)]]
*[[Sunday League]]
*[[Sunday Island]]
== References ==
<references />
{{Days of the week}}
[[Category:Sunday| ]]
[[Category:Days of the week]]
[[Category:Eastern liturgy]]
[[Category:Catholic liturgy]]
[[Category:Christian liturgy, rites, and worship services]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox liturgical days]]
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Religious behaviour and experience]]
[[Category:Christian festivals and holy days]]
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