Sunset Yellow FCF 544050 225637033 2008-07-14T17:51:11Z VMS Mosaic 638345 /* Products */ per [[WP:ENGVAR]] <!-- Here is a table of data; skip past it to edit the text. --> {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" |- ! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc" | Sunset Yellow FCF |- | [[IUPAC nomenclature|Chemical name]] | align="center" | disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5 -[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2<br/> -naphthalenesulfonic acid |- | [[Chemical formula]] | C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>S<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub> |- | [[Molecular mass]] || 452.37 g/mol |- | [[Melting point]] || 300 °C |- | [[CAS registry number|CAS Number]] | 2783-94-0 |- | colspan="2" align="center" | [[Image:E110 molecule.png|200px|Chemical structure of Sunset Yellow]] |} '''Sunset Yellow FCF''' (also known as '''Orange Yellow S''', '''[[FD&C]] Yellow 6''' or '''C.I. 15985''') is a [[colourant]] that may be added to foods to induce a colour change. It is denoted by [[E Number]] E110, and has the capacity for inducing an [[allergy|allergic]] reaction. It is a synthetic [[coal tar]] and [[Azo compound|azo]] yellow [[dye]] useful in [[fermentation (food)|fermented]] foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange [[Squash (drink)|squash]], orange [[fruit preserves|jelly]], [[marzipan]], [[Swiss roll]], apricot [[jam]], citrus [[marmalade]], [[lemon curd]], [[sweets]], [[hot chocolate]] mix and packet soups, [[trifle]] mix, [[breadcrumb]]s and cheese sauce mix and [[soft drink]]s. Specifically the capsules of DayQuil (in high concentrations), some extra strength Tylenol. Also Astro peach yogurt (potentially others), fortune cookies, some red sauces, certain pound cakes and other yellow, orange, and red food products. Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of [[Sudan I]], which is frequently present in it as an impurity. Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intolerance, resulting in various symptoms including gastric upset, vomiting, nettle rash ([[urticaria]]) and swelling of the skin ([[angioedema]]). The colouring has also been linked (although inconclusively) to hyperactivity in young children. As a result of these problems, there have been repeated calls for the total withdrawal of Sunset Yellow from food use. Sunset Yellow is often used in conjunction with E123, [[Amaranth]], in order to produce a brown colouring in both chocolates and caramel. At high [[concentration]]s, Sunset Yellow in [[solution]] with [[water]] undergoes a [[phase change]] from an [[isotropic]] [[liquid]] to a [[nematic]] [[liquid crystal]]. This occurs between 0.8 [[molarity|M]] and 0.9 [[molarity|M]] at [[room temperature]]. == Possible health effects == It appears to cause [[allergy|allergic]] or intolerance reactions, particularly amongst those with an [[aspirin]] intolerance. {{Fact|date=July 2007}} Other reactions can include gastric upset, [[diarrhea|diarrhoea]], [[vomit]]ing, a rash similar to [[nettle rash]] and skin [[swelling]]. {{Fact|date=July 2007}} It is one of the colourants that the [[Hyperactive Children's Support Group]] recommends be eliminated from the diet of children. {{Fact|date=July 2007}} On [[6 September]] 2007, the British [[Food Standards Agency]] revised advice on certain artificial food additives, including E110. Professor Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, and author of the report, said: "This has been a major study investigating an important area of research. The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. "However, parents should not think that simply taking these additives out of food will prevent hyperactive disorders. We know that many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid." The following additives were tested in the research: * Sunset yellow ([[E110]]) - Colouring found in squashes * Carmoisine ([[E122]]) - Red colouring in jellies * Tartrazine ([[E102]]) - New colouring in lollies, fizzy drinks * Ponceau 4R ([[E124]]) - Red colouring * Sodium benzoate ([[E211]]) - Preservative * Quinoline yellow (E104) - Food colouring * Allura red AC ([[E129]]) - Orange / red food dye<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6979976.stm Parents warned of additives link]</ref><ref>Donna McCann , Angelina Barrett, Alison Cooper, Debbie Crumpler, Lindy Dalen, Kate Grimshaw, Elizabeth Kitchin, Kris Lok, Lucy Porteous, Emily Prince, Prof Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Prof John O Warner and Prof Jim Stevenson [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607613063/abstract Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial] ''The Lancet'' 2007; 370:1560-1567 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61306-3</ref> On [[10 April]] 2008, the Foods Standard Agency called for a voluntary removal of the colours (but not sodium benzoate) by 2009.<ref>BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7340426.stm Europe-wide food colour ban call] [[10 April]] 2008</ref> In addition, it recommended that there should be action to phase them out in food and drink in the European Union (EU) over a specified period.<ref>FSA [http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2008/apr/coloursadvice Board discusses colours advice] [[10 April]] 2008</ref> It is banned in [[Norway]] and [[Finland]]. <ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/foodsafety/additives.html CBC News In Depth: Food Safety<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Products== Products which contain Sunset Yellow: *[[Lucozade]] *Nestlé [[Smarties (Nestlé)|Smarties]] *[[Doritos]] (Tangy Cheese) *[[Irn-Bru]] *[[Cadbury's Creme Egg]] * Blackthorn dry cider (Gaymers Cider Company) *[[Kraft Creamy French Dressing]] *[[Tic-Tacs]] (Orange flavour) == References == <references/> [[Category:Food colorings]] [[Category:Azo dyes]] [[da:Sunset Yellow FCF]] [[de:Gelborange S]] [[es:E110]] [[hu:Sunset Yellow FCF]] [[nl:Zonnegeel FCF]] [[ja:サンセットイエローFCF]] [[ru:Жёлтый «солнечный закат»]] [[fi:Paraoranssi]]