Surrey
48189
225992290
2008-07-16T10:34:55Z
SMC89
4000881
removal of commentry in article (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{otheruses1|the county of England}}{{distinguish|Surry}}
{{Infobox England county
| name = Surrey
| motto =Making Surrey a Better land
| map = [[Image:EnglandSurrey.png]]
| status = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial]] & [[Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|Non-metropolitan]] county
| origin = [[Historic counties of England|Historic]]
| region = [[South East England]]
| arearank = [[List of Ceremonial counties of England by Area|Ranked 35th]]
| area_km2 = 1663
| adminarearank = [[List of Administrative shire counties of England by Area|Ranked 31st]]
| adminhq = [[Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]]<br>(extraterritorially)
| iso = GB-SRY
| ons = 43
| nuts3 = UKJ23
| poprank = [[List of ceremonial counties of England by population|Ranked {{English cerem counties|RNK=Surrey}}]]
| popestdate = {{English statistics year}}
| pop = {{English cerem counties|POP=Surrey}}
| density_km2 = {{English cerem counties|DEN=Surrey}}
| adminpoprank = [[List of non-metropolitan counties of England by population|Ranked {{English admin counties|RNK=Surrey}}]]
| ethnicity = 95.0% White<br />2.2% S. Asian
| council = [[Image:SurreyCC.png|150px]]<br />http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/
| exec = {{English county control|CTY=Surrey}}
| mps = *[[Peter Ainsworth]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Paul Beresford]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Crispin Blunt]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Jeremy Hunt (politician)|Jeremy Hunt]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Anne Milton]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Chris Grayling]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Philip Hammond]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Michael Gove]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Humfrey Malins]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Ian Taylor (UK politician)|Ian Taylor]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[David Wilshire]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
| subdivmap = [[Image:SurreyNumbered.png]]
| subdivs = #[[Spelthorne]]
#[[Runnymede (district)|Runnymede]]
#[[Surrey Heath]]
#[[Woking (borough)|Woking]]
#[[Elmbridge]]
#[[Guildford (borough)|Guildford]]
#[[Waverley, Surrey|Waverley]]
#[[Mole Valley]]
#[[Epsom and Ewell]]
#[[Reigate and Banstead]]
#[[Tandridge (district)|Tandridge]]
}}
'''Surrey''' is a [[counties of England|county]] in the [[South East England|South East]] of [[England]] and is one of the [[Home Counties]]. The county borders [[Greater London]], [[Kent]], [[East Sussex]], [[West Sussex]], [[Hampshire]], and [[Berkshire]]. The historic [[county town]] is [[Guildford]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.guildford.gov.uk/guildfordweb/leisure/guildfordmuseum/guildfordsites/historynotes/medieval+guildford.htm | publisher=Guildford Borough Council |title=Medieval Guildford—''"Henry III confirmed Guildford's status as the county town of Surrey in 1257"'' | accessdate=2007-02-12}}</ref> [[Surrey County Council]] sits at [[Kingston upon Thames]], although this has been part of [[Greater London]] since 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 [[borough]]s and districts: [[Elmbridge]], [[Epsom and Ewell]], [[Guildford (borough)|Guildford]], [[Mole Valley]], [[Reigate and Banstead]], [[Runnymede (district)|Runnymede]], [[Spelthorne]], [[Surrey Heath]], [[Tandridge (district)|Tandridge]], [[Waverley, Surrey|Waverley]], [[Woking, Surrey|Woking]]. After the elections of [[3 May]] [[2007]], the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] are in control of nine out of 11 councils in Surrey.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/surrey/6621965.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Surrey councils see Tory success |date=[[4 May]] [[2007]] |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref>
==Settlements and communications==
[[Image:Leith hill tower.JPG|thumb|200px|left|The tower on the top of [[Leith Hill]] the highest point in Surrey]]
:''See also [[list of places in Surrey]].''
Surrey has a population of approximately 1.1 million people. The historic [[county town]] is [[Guildford]], although the county administration was moved to [[Newington, London|Newington]] in 1791 and to [[Kingston upon Thames]] in 1893. The county council's headquarters have been outside the county's boundaries since [[1 April]] [[1965]] when Kingston and other areas were included within [[Greater London]] by the [[London Government Act 1963]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10152902 |publisher=Vision of Britain |title=Relationships / unit history of Surrey |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref> Recent plans to move the offices to a new site in [[Woking]] have now been abandoned.<ref>[http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/comm/Press.nsf/0/ac12227d5a45aa6f802570fa00449921?OpenDocument Surrey County Council press release January 17, 2006]</ref> Due to its proximity to London there are many commuter towns and villages in Surrey, the population density is high and the area is more affluent than other parts of the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. Surrey is the most densely populated county after Greater London, the [[Metropolitan county|metropolitan counties]] and Bristol. Much of the north east of the county forms part of the [[Greater London Urban Area]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls |publisher=Office for National Statistics |title=Usual resident population |format=XLS |work=KS01 |date=2001 |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref> In the west, there is a [[conurbation]] straddling the Hampshire/Surrey border, including in Surrey [[Camberley]] and [[Farnham]].
Most English counties have nicknames for people from that county, such as a [[Tyke]] from [[Yorkshire]] and a [[Yellowbelly]] from [[Lincolnshire]]; the traditional [[nickname]] for people from Surrey is 'Surrey Capon', as it was well known in the later Middle Ages as the county where chickens were fattened up for the London meat markets.
==Physical geography==
[[Image:Boxhill surrey viewfromtop.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Box Hill]], Surrey]]
Surrey contains a good deal of mature [[woodland]] (reflected in the official logo of Surrey County Council, a pair of interlocking oak leaves). Among its many notable beauty spots are [[Box Hill, England|Box Hill]], [[Leith Hill]], [[Frensham]] Ponds, [[Newland's Corner]] and [[Puttenham & Crooksbury Commons]]. It is the most wooded county in Great Britain, with 22.4% coverage compared to a national average of 11.8%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/Surrey's+woodlands?opendocument |title=Surrey's woodlands |publisher=Surrey County Council |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref> and as such is one of the few counties not to include new woodlands in their strategic plans. Box Hill has the oldest untouched area of natural woodland in the UK, one of the oldest in Europe.
Much of Surrey is in the [[Green Belt (UK)|Green Belt]] and is rolling [[downland]], the county's geology being dominated by the chalk hills of the [[North Downs]]. Agriculture not being intensive, there are many [[Common land|commons]] and access lands, together with an extensive network of [[Rights of way in England and Wales|footpaths and bridleway]]s including the [[North Downs Way]], a scenic [[long-distance path]]. Accordingly, Surrey provides much in the way of rural leisure activities, with a very large [[horse]] population. Towards the north of the county, the land is largely flat around [[Staines]] and borders the River [[Thames]].
The highest point in Surrey is [[Leith Hill]] near [[Dorking]] at 965 ft (294 m) above sea level.
==History==
===British and Roman Surrey===
[[Image:Stane Street.JPG|left|thumb|The Roman road [[Stane Street|Stane or Stone Street]] runs through Surrey]]
Before Roman times the area today known as Surrey was very probably occupied by the [[Atrebates]] tribe centred at [[Calleva Atrebatum]] in the modern county of [[Hampshire]]. They are known to have controlled the southern bank of the [[Thames]] from Roman documents describing the tribal relations between them and the powerful [[Catuvellauni]] on the north bank. In about 42AD King [[Cunobelinus]] or [[Cunobelin|Cynfelin ap Tegfan]] of the Catuvellauni died and war broke out between his sons and King [[Verica]] of the Atrebates. The Atrebates were defeated in the conflict, their capital captured and their lands made subject to the Catuvellauni now led by [[Togodumnus]] ruling from [[Camulodunum]]. Verica fled to [[Gaul]] and appealed for Roman aid. The Atrebates were allies with [[Rome]] during their invasion of Britain in 43AD. The territory of Surrey was traversed by [[Stane Street]] and other less well known Roman roads.
After the Romans left Britain in c.410AD the territory of modern Surrey was officially part of [[Britannia Prima]] but was probably ruled by the successor realm of the [[Atrebates]] tribe. It has long been speculated that [[Guildford]] may have been the [[Astolat]] of [[King Arthur|Arthurian]] renown, however the legendary city is more likely to have been Calleva (modern day [[Silchester]]), the capital of the Atrebates, which resisted the [[Anglo-Saxons]] for many years.
===The Saxon tribes and the sub-kingdom===
From around 480 AD Saxons from the south and Jutes from the east invaded and began to settle in the area and establish a sub-kingdom probably with [[Middlesex|Middle Saxon]] overlords. The name Surrey is Saxon, and is a corrupted form (with r replacing the sound ð) of "Suuð-ye" meaning "South Ridge" or more probably "south administrative unit" (the Old Germanic district "Gau" like those that were established by Charlemagne; earlier German spellings were Gowe, Gouwe), referring to its position on the South bank of the Thames. At this time the Surrey area was sparsely populated and almost entirely forested. There was a local truce recorded in c.500 (possibly as a result of the [[Battle of Badon Hill]]) and only north and east Surrey were retained by the [[Anglo-Saxons]]. The westward expansion into British territory continued from c.550AD with some local British communities becoming marooned within the confines of Saxon Surrey, probably around [[Walton-on-Thames]]. From 568 the eastern border of Surrey with Kent was agreed and marked by a ditch. Local tribes named [[Æschingas|''Æschingas'']], [[Godhelmingas|''Godhelmingas'']] (around [[Godalming (hundred)|Godalming]]), [[Tetingas|''Tetingas'']] (around [[Tooting]]), [[Woccingas|''Woccingas'']] (between [[Woking]] and [[Wokingham]]), [[Basingas|''Basingas'']] (the [[Blackwater Valley]]) and [[Sonningas|''Sonningas'']] (around [[Sonning]]) are known to have existed.
In 661 the sub-kingdom took [[Mercia]] as its overlord. In 675 Surrey became one of the last portions of [[England]] to convert to [[Christianity]] when its sub-King [[Frithuwold of Surrey|Frithuwold]] and his son were baptised.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} The name of the area at this time is recorded as ''Sudergeona'' or "southern region". In 685 Surrey changed allegiance and took [[Wessex]] as its overlord. In 690 the western border of Surrey was settled with [[Wessex]]; the tribal territories of the ''Sonningas'' became part of [[Berkshire]] and the ''Basingas'' became part of [[Hampshire]]. In 705 Surrey was transferred from the Middle Saxon diocese of [[London]] to the West Saxon [[diocese of Winchester]]. After 771 Surrey came under the rule of [[Offa of Mercia]] and was so until 823 when Surrey reverted to [[Wessex]] and so remained. Some historians have also speculated that the ''Nox gaga'' and the ''Oht gaga'' tribes listed in the Mercian [[Tribal Hidage]] refer to two distinct groups living in Surrey. They were valued together at 7,000 [[hide (unit)|hides]].
'''Sub kings and ''ealdormen'' of Surrey'''
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Godley hundred.gif|thumb|right|Tribal boundaries, early 7th Century]] -->
''subreguli'' ([[Latin language|Latin]] for "sub-kings"):
* [[Frithuwold of Surrey|Frithuwold]] (c.673 - 675)
* Frithuric (675 - c.686)
a series of unknown ''subreguli'' until:
* Brorda (c.775)
a series of unknown ''[[Ealdorman|ealdormen]]'' until:
* Wulfherd (c.823)
* Huda (c.853)
a series of unknown ''ealdormen'' until:
* Æðelwerd (late 10th century)
* Æðelmær (? - 1016) son
===The West Saxon shire===
The territory of Surrey was formally annexed by Wessex in 860 and became a ''Shire'' under the same model as the other counties of Wessex. It is around this time that the wars between the ''Ænglecynn'' and the Danes reach their height with Surrey becoming the arena for a number of key battles; most notably at the [[Battle of Ockley]] in 851 and the [[Battle of Farnham]] in 894.
After the death of King [[Alfred the Great]] in 899 his son, King [[Edward the Elder|Eadweard I]] was crowned on the [[Coronation Stone|King's Stone]] at [[Kingston upon Thames]]. The use of this stone before 902 is unknown but it seems likely that it would have been something of ancient spiritual or political significance. After him another six kings of England from the [[House of Wessex]] were crowned here, the last being [[Ethelred the Unready|Æþelræd II]] in 978.
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:kingsstone.JPG|thumb|left|The King's Stone at Kingston]] -->
In 1011 it is recorded that Surrey was over-run by Danish forces led by [[Canute the Great]] before all of England submitted to them in 1016.
In 1035, Canute died and during the uncertainty that followed the heirs of former Anglo-Saxon rulers attempted to restore the [[House of Wessex]] to the throne of ''Ænglalond''. [[Ælfred Æþling]], the younger of the two heirs (his older brother being the future [[Edward the Confessor|Eadweard III]]) landed on the coast of Sussex with a [[Normans|Norman]] mercenary bodyguard and attempted to make his way to London. In the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' there is an account of this fateful encounter: <br>
:"As Ælfred and his men approached the town of [[Guildford]] in Surrey, thirty miles south-west of London, they were met by the powerful [[Earl Godwin]] of Wessex, who professed loyalty to the young prince and procured lodgings for him and his men in the town. The next morning, Godwin said to Ælfred: ''"I will safely and securely conduct you to London, where the great men of the kingdom are awaiting your coming, that they may raise you to the throne."'' This he said in spite of the fact that the throne was already occupied by the son of Knud, [[Harold Harefoot]], and he was actually in league with King Harold to lure the young prince to his death."
[[Image:north downs way seen from puttenham.jpg|right|thumb|300px|[[Hog's Back]] seen from the [[North Downs Way]], [[Puttenham, Surrey|Puttenham]]]]
:"Then the earl led the prince and his men over the hill of [[Guildown]]" (called today ''The [[Hog's Back]]'' and the route of the [[A31 road|A31]]), "which is to the west of Guildford, on the road to [[Winchester]], not London. Perhaps the prince had insisted on continuing his journey to his original destination, his mother’s court in Winchester, in any case, Godwin repeated his tempting offer; showing the prince the magnificent panorama from the hill both to the north and to the south, he said: ''Look around on the right hand and on the left, and behold what a realm will be subject to your dominion.'' Ælfred then gave thanks to God and promised that if he should ever be crowned king, he would institute such laws as would be pleasing and acceptable to God and men. At that moment, however, he was seized and bound together with all his men. Nine tenths of them were then murdered. And since the remaining tenth was still so numerous, they, too, were decimated."
:"Ælfred was tied to a horse and then conveyed by boat to the monastery of Ely. As the boat reached land, his eyes were put out. For a while he was looked after by the monks, who were fond of him, but soon after he died, probably on February 5, 1036."
Interestingly, during the 1920s the remains of several hundred soldiers, probably Normans, were found to the west of Guildford. They were bound and had been executed. The grave was dated to c.1040. It is likely that they were the guards of poor Prince Ælfred.
After the Anglo-Saxon restoration through the accession of [[Edward the Confessor|Eadweard III]] in 1042 Surrey remained unmolested until the [[Norman Conquest]] in 1066.
Few remains of the ancient British, the Roman, or the Saxon periods in Surrey exist. There is an Iron Age hillfort at [[Holmbury Hill]], and only remnants of the Roman roads Stane Street and Ermine Street remain. Roman and [[Celts|Celtic]] relics, of no great significance, have been found at various locations.
===Medieval Surrey===
[[Image:hundreds.gif|thumb|right|Hundreds of Surrey c.825 - 1889]]
In 1088, William II granted [[William de Warenne]] the title of [[Earl of Surrey]] as reward for Warenne's loyalty during the rebellion that followed the death of [[William I of England]]. The chief subsequent event connected with it was the signing of the great charter at [[Magna Carta|Runnymede]], and other public events were mostly intertwined with the history of the metropolis. However, Guildford Castle was captured by forces supporting [[Louis VIII of France|Prince Louis]] of [[France]] in 1216, and in June 1497 the county was overrun by as many as 15,000 [[Cornish Rebellion of 1497|Cornish]] rebels heading for [[London]]. This would have been the first Brythonic army to move through Surrey for nearly 900 years. There was a brief battle just outside [[Guildford]] at ''Gil Down'' before the Cornish rebels marched north east through [[Banstead]] and right across [[Wallington (hundred)|Wallington]] and [[Brixton (hundred)|Brixton Hundreds]] as far as [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] in [[Kent]] where they were eventually routed by an English army.
Specimens of monastic buildings of early English date occur in [[Chertsey Abbey]], [[Waverley Abbey]] and [[Newark Priory]]. These were all destroyed during [[English Reformation|the Reformation]]. It was also the home of the [[Merton Priory]] from 1114 until 1538. From the Saxon period up until [[Victorian era|Victorian]] times Surrey was divided into the 14 [[hundred (division)|hundred]]s of [[Blackheath (hundred)|Blackheath]], [[Brixton (hundred)|Brixton]], [[Copthorne (hundred)|Copthorne]], [[Effingham (half hundred)|Effingham Half-Hundred]], [[Elmbridge (hundred)|Elmbridge]], [[Farnham (hundred)|Farnham]], [[Godalming (hundred)|Godalming]], [[Godley (hundred)|Godley]], [[Kingston (hundred)|Kingston]], [[Reigate (hundred)|Reigate]], [[Tandridge (hundred)|Tandridge]], [[Wallington (hundred)|Wallington]], [[Woking (hundred)|Woking]] and [[Wotton (hundred)|Wotton]].
===Modern history===
{{infobox historic subdivision|
|Name= Surrey
|HQ= [[Newington, London|Newington]] 1889 - 1893<br>[[Kingston upon Thames]] from 1893
|Status= [[Administrative county]]
|Start= 1889
|End= 1974
|Replace= [[Surrey]]
|Image=
|Civic= [[Image:Surrey arms 1934.png|150px|The arms granted to Surrey County Council in 1934 and used until 1974]]
|PopulationFirst= 452,218<ref>Census of England and Wales 1891, General Report, Table III: Administrative counties and county boroughs</ref>
|PopulationFirstYear= 1891
|PopulationLast= 1,002,832<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10152902 ''Surrey'', Vision of Britain, accessed October 17, 2007]</ref>
|PopulationLastYear= 1971
}}
The [[Local Government Act 1888]] reorganised county-level [[local government]] throughout England and Wales. Accordingly, the [[administrative county]] of Surrey was formed in 1889 when the Provisional [[Surrey County Council]] first met, consisting of 19 [[aldermen]] and 57 [[councillors]]. The county council assumed the administrative responsibilities previously exercised by the county's [[justice of the peace|justices]] in [[quarter sessions]]. The county had revised boundaries, with the north east of the historic county bordering the [[City of London]] becoming part of a new [[County of London]]. These areas now form the London Boroughs of [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]], [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]] and [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]], and the [[Penge Urban District|Penge]] area of the [[London Borough of Bromley]]. At the same time, the [[County Borough of Croydon|borough of Croydon]] became a [[county borough]], outside the jurisdiction of the county council.
For purposes other than local government the administrative county of Surrey and county borough of Croydon continued to form a "county of Surrey" to which a [[Lord Lieutenant]] and [[Custos Rotulorum of Surrey|Custos Rotulorum]] (Chief [[Magistrate]]) and a [[High Sheriff of Surrey|High Sheriff]] were appointed.
Surrey had been administered from [[Newington, London|Newington]] since the 1790s, and the county council was initially based in the sessions house there. As Newington was included in the County of London it lay outside the area administered by the council, and a site for a new county hall within the administrative county was sought. By 1890 six towns were being considered: Epsom, Guildford, Kingston, Redhill, Surbiton and Wimbledon.<ref>''The Times'', March 27, 1890</ref> A decision to build the new [[County Hall (Surrey)|County Hall]] at Kingston was made in 1891, and the building opened in 1893.<ref>David Robinson, ''History of County Hall'', Surrey County Council</ref>
The boundaries of the administrative county were little altered until 1965, the only significant changes being the extension of Croydon county borough's area on a number of occasions.
By the 1930s most of the north of the county had been built over, becoming outer suburbs of London, although continuing to form part of Surrey administratively. In 1960 the report of the [[Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London|Herbert Commission]] recommended that much of north Surrey (including Croydon) be included in a new "[[Greater London]]". The recommendations of the report were enacted in highly modified form in 1965 by the [[London Government Act 1963]]. The areas that now form the London Boroughs of [[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]], [[Royal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames|Kingston]], [[London Borough of Merton|Merton]], [[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]] and that part of [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond]] south of the [[River Thames]] were transferred from Surrey to Greater London. At the same time part of the county of [[Middlesex]], which had been abolished by the legislation, was added to Surrey. This area now forms the borough of [[Spelthorne]].
Further local government reform under the [[Local Government Act 1972]] took place in 1974. The 1972 Act abolished administrative counties and introduced [[non-metropolitan county|non-metropolitan counties]] in their place. The boundaries of the non-metropolitan county of Surrey were similar to those of the administrative county with the exception of [[Gatwick Airport]] and some surrounding land which was transferred to [[West Sussex]]. It was originally proposed that the parishes of [[Horley]] and [[Charlwood]] would become part of West Sussex, however fierce local opposition led to a reversal of this under the [[Charlwood and Horley Act 1974]].
On [[3 August]] [[2007]] it was announced that [[2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak|foot-and-mouth disease]] had been [[2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak|discovered]] near Guildford.<ref>{{cite news | title = Farm infected with foot-and-mouth| publisher = BBC News | date = [[4 August]] [[2007]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/6930684.stm |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref> This was the first outbreak in the [[UK]] since 2001.
==Economy==
Surrey is a prosperous county with a service based economy closely tied to that of London. Surrey has the highest [[GDP]] per capita of any county in the UK and the highest cost of living in the UK outside of London. Surrey is credited with having the highest proportion of millionaires in the UK. The average wage is bolstered by the high number of City workers who live in Surrey.{{Fact|date=April 2008}}
There has been criticism in recent years due to public spending per head being the lowest of any county in the UK.
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Surrey at current basic prices published (pp.240-253) by ''Office for National Statistics'' with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf |title=Regional Gross Value Added |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=[[21 December]] [[2005]] |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Regional Gross Value Added<ref name="fn_4">Components may not sum to totals due to rounding</ref> || Agriculture<ref name="fn_1">includes hunting and forestry</ref> || Industry<ref name="fn_2">includes energy and construction</ref> || Services<ref name="fn_3">includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured</ref>
|-
| 1995 || '''12,177''' || 116 || 2,414 || 9,647
|-
| 2000 || '''19,811''' || 103 || 3,288 || 16,420
|-
| 2003 || '''22,790''' || 99 || 3,394 || 19,297
|}
==Waste management==
[[Image:Albury landfill.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Albury landfill]]
There are two active landfill sites in Surrey. One is at [[Albury, Surrey|Albury]] near [[Guildford]]. This site is managed by [[Sita (waste management)|SITA]].
==Major towns==
:''See [[List of places in Surrey]]''
The largest town in Surrey is [[Guildford]] with 66,773; [[Woking]] is a close second with a population of 62,796. The third largest town is [[Ewell]] with 39,994 people to the north of the county and the fourth is [[Camberley]] with 30,155 people in the west of the county. Towns with between 25,000 and 30,000 are [[Ashford, Surrey|Ashford]], [[Epsom]], [[Farnham]] and [[Redhill, Surrey|Redhill]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspublications.nsf/591f7dda55aad72a80256c670041a50d/1c602ea59c869c9180256e600054b26c/$FILE/Town%20populations.pdf |publisher=Surrey County Council |title=2001 Census: Town/villages in Surrey with population more than 1000 |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref>
==Education==
Surrey has a [[Comprehensive school|comprehensive]] secondary education system with 53 state schools (not including [[sixth form college]]s), but there are also 41 independent schools—a high proportion of school children in Surrey go to independent school.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} Most have sixth forms although Reigate, Spelthorne, Woking and Waverley districts tend to have separate sixth forms colleges.
===Higher Education===
* The [[University of Surrey]] is based in [[Guildford]]
[[Image:RoyalHollowayFoundersLondon-Seabhcan.jpg|thumb|400px|right|[[Royal Holloway, University of London|Royal Holloway College]], [[Egham]]]]
* [[Royal Holloway, University of London]] is based in [[Egham]]
:''See also [[List of schools in the South East of England#Surrey]] and [[:Category:Education in Surrey]].''
==Places of interest==
Significant landscapes in Surrey include [[Box Hill, England|Box Hill]] just north of [[Dorking]]; the [[Devil's Punch Bowl]] at [[Hindhead]]; [[Frensham]] Common, heathland with a variety of plant, animal and birdlife plus the Great Pond and Little Pond dating from the Middle Ages when they were constructed to provide food for the Bishop of Winchester's estate. [[Leith Hill]] to the south west of [[Dorking]] is the highest point in south-east England. [[Witley Common]][[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]], heathland south of [[Godalming]], is run by the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] and [[Surrey Hills AONB|Surrey Hills]] is an area of outstanding natural beauty ([[AONB]]).
[[Image:Lawns at Wisley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Lawns at [[RHS Garden, Wisley]]]]
More manicured landscapes can be seen at [[Claremont Landscape Garden]], south of [[Esher]] (dating from 1715). There is also [[Winkworth Arboretum]] south east of [[Godalming]] which was created in the 20th century. [[Wisley]] is home to the [[Royal Horticultural Society]] [[RHS Garden, Wisley|gardens]].
Surrey has important country houses such as [[Clandon Park]][[Image:HH icon.png|Historic House]], an 18th century [[Palladian]] mansion in West Clandon to the east of [[Guildford]]. Nearby there is [[Hatchlands Park]][[Image:HH icon.png|Historic House]] in [[East Clandon]], east of [[Guildford]], was built in 1758 with [[Robert Adam]] interiors and a collection of keyboard instruments. [[Polesden Lacey]][[Image:HH icon.png|Historic House]] south of [[Great Bookham]] is a [[regency architecture|regency]] villa with extensive grounds. On a smaller scale, [[Oakhurst Cottage]] in [[Hambledon, Surrey|Hambledon]] near [[Godalming]] is a restored 16th century worker's home. There is a museum at [[Rural Life Centre, Tilford]].
The county is linked to the sea by the [[River Wey]] and the [[Wey and Godalming Navigations]]. [[Dapdune Wharf]] in [[Guildford]] commemorates this and is home to a restored Wey barge, the Reliance. Furthermore on the [[River Tillingbourne]], [[Shalford Mill]] is an 18th century water-mill.
There are many typical English villages including [[Holmbury St Mary]] which lies in an [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]], close to the [[Greensand Way]] and [[North Downs Way]]. It was developed in the 19th century and still has a mainly [[Victorian era|Victorian]] character as on the whole no new building is allowed. The [[youth hostel]], constructed in the village in 1935, was the first purpose-built by the [[Youth Hostels Association]].
[[Image:Runnymede-meadow-eghamend.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Runnymede]] where the [[Magna Carta]] was signed]]
[[Runnymede]] at [[Egham]] is the site of the signing of the [[Magna Carta]] in 1215. [[Waverley Abbey|Waverley]] and [[Chertsey Abbey]]s were very significant in medieval Surrey.
[[Guildford Cathedral]] is a post-war cathedral built from bricks made from the clay hill on which it stands.
[[Brooklands]] Museum recognises the motoring past of Surrey. The county is also home to [[Thorpe Park]][[Image:Themepark uk icon.JPG|15px|Amusement Park]], a sister theme park of [[Alton Towers]].
==Culture, arts and sport==
The first known record of cricket was in Guildford, Surrey (see [[History of English cricket to 1696]]). Currently, the [[Surrey County Cricket Club]] represents the [[Historic counties of England|historic county]] of Surrey, although its largest ground, [[The Oval]], which was once in Surrey, has been made part of [[Greater London]].
Surrey has numerous football teams. As of the end of the 2007/08 season the top 20 clubs based on their league finishes were:
*1st [[Woking F.C.]] (Step 1 - 17th)
*2nd [[Sutton United F.C.]] (Step 2 - 22nd)
*3rd [[Staines Town F.C.]] (Step 3 - 2nd)
*4th [[AFC Wimbledon]] (Step 3 - 3rd)
*5th [[Carshalton Athletic F.C.]] (Step 3 - 18th)
*6th [[Metropolitan Police F.C.]] (Step 4 - 4th)
*7th [[Kingstonian F.C.|Kingstonian]] (Step 4 - 7th)
*8th [[Walton & Hersham F.C.]] (Step 4 - 10th)
*9th [[Whyteleafe F.C.]] (Step 4 - 11th)
*10th [[Godalming Town F.C.]] (Step 4 - 12th)
*11th [[Chipstead F.C.]] (Step4 - 15th))
*12th [[Walton Casuals]] (Step 4 - 16th)
*13th [[Leatherhead F.C.]] (Step 4 - 17th)
*14th [[Corinthian-Casuals F.C.]] (step 4 - 20th)
*15th [[Molesey F.C.]] (Step 4 -22nd)
*16th [[Merstham F.C.]] (Step 5 - 1st)
*17th [[Guildford City F.C.]] (Step 5 - 2nd)
*18th [[Camberley Town]] (Step 5 - 3rd)
*19th [[Horley Town F.C.]] (Step 5 -5th)
*20th [[Chertsey Town F.C.]] (Step 5 - 7th)
*21st [[Epsom & Ewell F.C.]] (Step 5 -10th)
Surrey County Cricket Club is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic cricket structure, representing the historic county of Surrey. Its limited overs team is called the Surrey Brown Caps (formerly the Surrey Lions).
The club is based at The Oval cricket ground, within the Kennington region of Lambeth in south London. Before the formation of the London metropolitan county, the ground was in the county of Surrey. Some home games each season are played at Whitgift School, Croydon and at Woodbridge Road, Guildford.
The club colours are chocolate brown and silver. The club badge is the Prince of Wales' three feathers. Lord Rosebery obtained the permission to use this symbol from the Prince of Wales, owner of the land on which The Oval stands, in 1915.
Champion County [1] (10) – 1850, 1851, 1854, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1864, 1887, 1888; shared (1) – 1889
County Championship (18) – 1890, 1891, 1892, 1894, 1895, 1899, 1914, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1971, 1999, 2000, 2002; shared (1) – 1950
Division Two (1) – 2006
FP Trophy [2] (1) – 1982
National League [3] (2) – 1996, 2003
Division Two (1) – 2000
Twenty20 Cup (1) – 2003
Benson and Hedges Cup (3) – 1974, 1997, 2001
[edit] Second XI honours
Second XI Championship (5) – 1966, 1968, 1975, 1988, 1992; shared (0) –
Second XI Trophy (1) – 2001
Minor Counties Championship (4) – 1939, 1950, 1954, 1955; shared (0) –
[[Image:BrooklandsPoster.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Brooklands]] was the first ever oval style race track built for cars.]]
==Surrey in film and books==
[[Image:Woking tripod.JPG|thumb|right|Sculpture of a [[H. G. Wells|Wellsian]] martian tripod in [[Woking]]]]
Surrey has been mentioned in literature: in the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' series, [[Harry Potter (character)|Harry]]'s only living relatives, the [[Dursley family|Dursleys]], live in [[Little Whinging]], a fictional town located in Surrey. The character [[Ford Prefect (character)|Ford Prefect]] from ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' claimed to be from Guildford in Surrey, but in actuality he was from a small planet somewhere in the vicinity of [[Betelguese]].
Surrey was mentioned often in Aldous Huxley's novel ''[[Brave New World]]''. Much of [[H. G. Wells]]'s 1898 novella ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'' is set in Surrey with many specific towns and villages identified. The martians first land on Horsell Common on the north side of Woking, outside the Bleak House pub, now called Sands. In the story the narrator flees in the direction of London, first passing [[Byfleet]] and then [[Weybridge]] before travelling east along the north bank of the [[Thames]].
[[Image:Littlewhinging.jpg|thumb|left|[[Little Whinging]] ]]
The late Poet Laureate [[Sir John Betjeman]] mentions [[Camberley]] in his poem "A Subaltern's Lovesong". In contrast, [[Carshalton]] forms the literary backdrop to many of the poems by [[James Farrar]].
The county has also been used as a film location. Part of the movie ''[[The Holiday]]'' was filmed in Surrey: [[Kate Winslet]]'s character Iris lived there and [[Cameron Diaz]]'s character Amanda switched houses with her as part of a home exchange. In the 1976 film ''[[The Omen (1976 film)|The Omen]]'', the scenes at the cathedral were filmed at [[Guildford Cathedral]].<ref name="omen">{{cite news| url = http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1789988,00.html| title = Church fears return of Omen curse | accessdate = 2007-08-31| date =[[4 June]] [[2004]]| work = [[The Observer]]}}</ref> The film ''[[I Want Candy (film)|I Want Candy]]'' follows two hopeful lads from [[Leatherhead]] trying to break into the movies. Surrey woodland represented Germany in the opening scene of ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'', starring [[Russell Crowe]]; it was filmed at [[Tilford]] near Farnham in Surrey.<ref name=Kodak_inCamera>{{cite web|title=Gory glory in the Colosseum |url=http://www.kodak.com/US/en/motion/newsletters/inCamera/july2000/gladiator.shtml |publisher=KODAK: In Camera |year=2000 |month=July |accessdate=2006-12-31}}</ref>
==County Emergency Services==
Surrey is served by these emergency services.
*'''[[Surrey Police]]''', with 12 stations.
*'''[[South East Coast Ambulance Service]]''' as of [[1 July]] [[2006]]. The [[Surrey Ambulance Service]], [[Sussex Ambulance Service]], and [[Kent Ambulance Service]] services have all merged, and have now ceased to exist. Surrey has 21 stations.
*'''[[Surrey Fire & Rescue Service]]''', with 24 fire stations.
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
*{{cite web |url=http://uk.geocities.com/guildfordian2002/AngloSaxon/PrinceAlfred.htm |title=Martyr-Prince Alfred Of England |author=Vladimir Moss |accessdate=2007-10-16}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.btinternet.com/~john.whitbourn/Cornish.htm |title=The Day the Cornish Invaded Guildford |publisher=The Surrey Advertiser |date=[[2 June]] [[1989]] |accessdate=2007-10-16}}
==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Surrey]]
* [[Portal:Surrey]]
==External links==
{{commonscat|Surrey}}
* [http://www.surreycc.gov.uk Surrey County Council]
* [http://surreymaps.surreycc.gov.uk/public/viewer.asp Surrey Interactive Map]
<br />
{{England counties}}
[[Category:Surrey| ]]
[[ar:سري]]
[[br:Kontelezh Surrey]]
[[bg:Съри]]
[[ca:Surrey]]
[[cy:Surrey]]
[[da:Surrey]]
[[de:Surrey]]
[[et:Surrey]]
[[el:Σάρρεϋ]]
[[es:Surrey]]
[[eo:Surrey]]
[[eu:Surrey]]
[[fr:Surrey (comté)]]
[[hi:सरी]]
[[io:Surrey]]
[[id:Surrey]]
[[is:Surrey]]
[[it:Surrey]]
[[kw:Surrey]]
[[la:Surregia]]
[[lv:Sareja]]
[[lb:Grofschaft Surrey]]
[[nl:Surrey]]
[[ja:サリー (イングランド)]]
[[no:Surrey]]
[[nn:Surrey]]
[[oc:Comtat de Surrey]]
[[pl:Surrey (Wielka Brytania)]]
[[pt:Surrey]]
[[ro:Surrey]]
[[ru:Суррей (графство)]]
[[scn:Surrey]]
[[simple:Surrey]]
[[sk:Surrey (Anglicko)]]
[[fi:Surrey]]
[[sv:Surrey]]
[[tr:Surrey]]
[[vo:Surrey]]
[[zh:薩里郡]]