Sushruta
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2008-06-16T05:44:06Z
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{{Infobox Medical Person
|name = Sushruta
|image =
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|birth_date = c. [[6th century BC]]
|birth_place = [[ancient India]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|profession = [[Surgeon]], [[Physician]]
|specialism = [[Plastic Surgery]], [[Cosmetic Surgery]]
|research_field =
|known_for = [[Rhinoplasty]]
|years_active =
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'''Sushruta''' (also spelled '''Susruta''' or '''Sushrutha''') (c. [[6th century BC]]) was a renowned [[surgery|surgeon]] of [[ancient India]], and the author of the book ''[[Sushruta Samhita]]''. In his book, he described over 120 surgical instruments, 300 surgical procedures and classifies human surgery into 8 categories.
He lived and taught and practiced his art on the banks of the [[Ganga]] in the area that corresponds to the present day city of [[Varanasi]] <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_605.gif Susruta] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 2, p. 570.</ref> in North India.
In the Sushruta school, the first person to expound Āyurvedic knowledge was [[Dhanvantari]] who then taught it to [[Divodasa]] who, in turn, taught it to [[Sushruta]], [[Aupadhenava]], [[Aurabhra]], [[Paushakalāvata]], [[Gopurarakshita]], and [[Bhoja]].
Because of his seminal and numerous contributions to the [[science]] and art of surgery he is also known by the title "Father of Surgery." Much of what is known about this inventive surgeon is contained in a series of volumes he authored, which are collectively known as the [[Susrutha Samhita]]. The "Samhita" has some writings that date as late as the [[1st century]], and some scholars believe that there were contributions and additions to his teachings from generations of his students and disciples. Sushruta is also the father of [[Plastic Surgery]] and [[Cosmetic Surgery]] since his technique of forehead flap [[rhinoplasty]] (repairing the disfigured nose with a flap of skin from the forehead),that he used to reconstruct noses that were amputated, is practiced almost unchanged in technique to this day. The Susrutha Samhita contains the first known description of several operations, including the uniting of bowel, the removal of the [[prostate gland]], the removal of cataract lenses and the draining of [[abscesses]]. Susrutha was also the first surgeon to advocate the practice of operations on inanimate objects such as [[watermelons]], clay plots and reeds; thus predating the modern practice of the surgical workshop by half a millennium.
Sushruta was also a notable teacher. He told his pupils that one could become a good physician only if one knew both theory and practice. He advised his pupils to use carcases and models for practice before surgery.In addition to classifying worms that infect the human body, leeches for bloodletting, medicinal herbs, alkalies and metals, Sushruta gave a vague classification of animals.
==References==
{{Reflist}}*Dr. Rudolf Hoernle. ''Medicine of India''.
*D. P. Agrawal. ''[http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_susruta.htm Susruta: The Great Surgeon of Yore.]''
*Chari PS. [http://www.ijps.org/article.asp?issn=0970-0358;year=2003;volume=36;issue=1;spage=4;epage=13;aulast=Chari 'Susruta and our heritage'], ''Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery''.
*Rana RE and Arora BS. [http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2002;volume=48;issue=1;spage=76;epage=8;aulast=Rana 'History of Plastic Surgery in India'], ''Journal of Postgraduate Medicine''.
*Gunakar Muley. [http://vigyanprasar.com/dream/jan2000/article2.htm 'Plastic Surgery in Ancient India'.]
[[Category:Ancient Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Indian surgeons]]
[[Category:Ayurveda]]
[[Category:History of ancient medicine]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian physicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Varanasi]]
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