Swamp Sparrow 427602 207745967 2008-04-24T01:07:53Z Tnolley 4733161 Changed photograph to a self-taken photograph of an actual Swamp Sparrow (previous photo was not of a Swamp Sparrow) {{Taxobox | name = Swamp Sparrow | status = LC | image = Swamp_Sparrow.jpg‎ | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Passeriformes]] | familia = [[American sparrow|Emberizidae]] | genus = ''[[Melospiza]]'' | species = '''''M. georgiana''''' | binomial = ''Melospiza georgiana'' | binomial_authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1790) }} The '''Swamp Sparrow''', ''Melospiza georgiana'', is a medium-sized [[American sparrow|sparrow]]. Adults have streaked rusty and black upperparts with a grey breast, light belly and a white throat. They have a rust-coloured cap and wings. Their face is grey with a dark line through the eye. They have a short bill and fairly long legs. Their breeding habitat is [[marsh]]es, including salt marshes, across eastern [[North America]] and central [[Canada]]. The bulky nest is attached to marsh vegetation, often with leaves arching over the top. On the central [[Atlantic (ocean)|Atlantic]] coast, in the southern parts of their summer range, they are permanent residents. Other birds [[bird migration|migrate]] to the southern [[United States]]. These birds forage on the ground, in the mud near the water's edge, in shallow water or in marsh vegetation. They mainly eat insects and seeds. The song of this bird is a slow monotone trill, slower than that of the [[Chipping Sparrow]]. This bird's numbers have declined due to habitat loss in some parts of its range. ==References==<!-- WilsonBull18:47 (compare to current Ohio checklist http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf) --> * {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=53548|title=Melospiza georgiana|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern ==External links== * [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Swamp_Sparrow.html Swamp Sparrow Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology * [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i5840id.html Swamp Sparrow - <i>Melospiza georgiana</i>] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter * [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/swamp_sparrow_info.htm Swamp Sparrow Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding <!-- ==Further reading== <div class="reflist4" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px" > ===Book=== * Mowbray, T. B. 1997. ''Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 279 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. ===Thesis=== * Balaban ES. Ph.D. (1986). ''CULTURAL AND GENETIC VARIATION IN SWAMP SPARROWS (MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA)''. The Rockefeller University, United States -- New York. * Doster RH. Ph.D. (2005). ''Ecology and conservation of wintering migratory birds in early-successional habitats of the lower Mississippi River alluvial valley''. University of Arkansas, United States -- Arkansas. * Gaudette MT. Ph.D. (1998). ''Modeling wetland songbird community integrity in central Pennsylvania''. The Pennsylvania State University, United States -- Pennsylvania. * Podos JE. Ph.D. (1996). ''Performance limits on vocal evolution in songbirds (Passeriformes: Emberizidae)''. Duke University, United States -- North Carolina. ===Articles=== * Anon. (1968). ''Fox Sparrow Very Rare Summer Resident 10-11-65 Swamp Sparrow Rare Winter Visitor 9-11-67 10-29-67 Lykins Gulch Colorado USA''. Colorado Field Ornithologist. vol '''4''', p. 13-14. * Balaban E. (1988). ''Cultural and Genetic Variation in Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana I. Song Variation Genetic Variation and Their Relationship''. Behaviour. vol '''105''', no 3-4. p. 250-291. * Balaban E. (1988). ''Cultural and Genetic Variation in Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana Ii. Behavioral Salience of Geographic Song Variants''. Behaviour. vol '''105''', no 3-4. p. 292-322. * Barger NR. (1969). ''Swamp Sparrow Melospiza-Georgiana''. Wisconsin Conservation Bulletin. vol '''34''', no 3. p. 30-31. * Beadell J, Greenberg R, Droege S & Royle JA. (2003). ''Distribution, abundance, and habitat affinities of the Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''115''', no 1. p. 38-44. * Clark CW, Marler P & Beeman K. (1987). ''QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL VOCAL PHONOLOGY - AN APPLICATION TO SWAMP SPARROW SONG''. Ethology. vol '''76''', no 2. p. 101-115. * Dickson RD. (1991). ''Northern Mockingbird and Swamp Sparrow Overwinter in Calgary Alberta Canada''. Blue Jay. vol '''49''', no 2. p. 70-71. * Dooling R & Searcy M. (1980). ''Early Perceptual Selectivity in the Swamp Sparrow Melospiza-Georgiana''. Developmental Psychobiology. vol '''13''', no 5. p. 499-506. * Greenberg R. (1988). ''Seasonal Plumage Dimorphism in the Swamp Sparrow''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''59''', no 2. p. 149-154. * Greenberg R, Cordero PJ, Droege S & Fleischer RC. (1998). ''Morphological adaptation with no mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the coastal plain swamp sparrow''. Auk. vol '''115''', no 3. p. 706-712. * Greenberg R & Droege S. (1990). ''Adaptations to Tidal Marshes in Breeding Populations of the Swamp Sparrow''. Condor. vol '''92''', no 2. p. 393-404. * Legare ML, McNair DB, Conway WC & Legare SA. (2000). ''Swamp Sparrow winter site fidelity records in Florida''. Florida Field Naturalist. vol '''28''', no 2. p. 73-74. * Marler P & Peters S. (1981). ''Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana Learn Adult Song and More from Memory''. Science. vol '''213''', no 4509. p. 780-782. * Marler P & Peters S. (1982). ''Structural Changes in Song Ontogeny in the Swamp Sparrow Melospiza-Georgiana''. Auk. vol '''99''', no 3. p. 446-458. * Marler P & Peters S. (1988). ''SENSITIVE PERIODS FOR SONG ACQUISITION FROM TAPE RECORDINGS AND LIVE TUTORS IN THE SWAMP SPARROW, MELOSPIZA-GEORGIANA''. Ethology. vol '''77''', no 1. p. 76-84. * Marler P & Pickert R. (1984). ''Species-Universal Microstructure in the Learned Song of the Swamp Sparrow Melospiza-Georgiana''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''32''', no 3. p. 673-689. * Nowicki S & Peters S. (1991). ''Motor Bases of Behavioral Stereotypy in Swamp Sparrow Song Note Production''. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. vol '''17''', no 1-2. * Okanoya K & Dooling RJ. (1988). ''Hearing in the Swamp Sparrow Melospiza-Georgiana and the Song Sparrow Melospiza-Melodia''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''36''', no 3. p. 726-732. * Okanya K & Dooling RJ. (1990). ''Song-Syllable Perception in Song Sparrows Melospiza-Melodia and Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana an Approach from Animal Psychophysics''. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. vol '''28''', no 3. p. 221-224. * Peters SS, Searcy WA & Marler P. (1980). ''Species Song Discrimination in Choice Experiments with Territorial Male Swamp Melospiza-Georgiana and Song Sparrows Melospiza-Melodia''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''28''', no 2. p. 393-404. * Podos J, Peters S & Nowicki S. (2004). ''Calibration of song learning targets during vocal ontogeny in swamp sparrows, Melospiza georgiana''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''68''', no Part 4. p. 929-940. * Reinert SE & Golet FC. (1979). ''Breeding Ecology of the Swamp Sparrow Melospiza-Georgiana in a Southern Rhode-Island USA Peatland''. Transactions of the Northeast Section the Wildlife Society. vol '''36''', p. 1-13. * Rimmer CC. (1986). ''Identification of Juvenile Lincoln's Melospiza-Lincolnii and Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''57''', no 2. p. 114-125. * Searcy W, Balaban E, Canady RA, Clark SJ, Runfeldt S & Williams H. (1981). ''Responsiveness of Male Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana to Temporal Organization of Song''. Auk. vol '''98''', no 3. p. 613-615. * Searcy WA, Marler P & Peters SS. (1981). ''Species Song Discrimination in Adult Female Song Sparrows Melospiza-Melodia and Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''29''', no 4. p. 997-1003. * Searcy WA, McArthur PD, Peters SS & Marler P. (1981). ''Response of Male Song Sparrows Melospiza-Melodia and Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana to Neighbor Stranger and Self Songs''. Behaviour. vol '''77''', no 3. p. 152-163. * Searcy WA, Searcy MH & Marler P. (1982). ''The Response of Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana to Acoustically Distinct Song Types''. Behaviour. vol '''80''', no 1-2. p. 70-83. </div> --> [[Category:Melospiza]] [[Category:American sparrows]] [[fr:Bruant des marais]]