Sweet Smell of Success
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{{Infobox Film
| name = Sweet Smell of Success
| image = Sweetsmell.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Alexander Mackendrick]]
| producer = [[James Hill (film producer)|James Hill]]
| writer = [[Ernest Lehman]] (novelette)<br />[[Clifford Odets]]<br />Ernest Lehman
| narrator =
| starring = [[Burt Lancaster]]<br />[[Tony Curtis]]
| music = [[Elmer Bernstein]]
| cinematography = [[James Wong Howe]]
| editing = Alan Crosland Jr.
| distributor = [[United Artists]]
| released = [[June 27]], [[1957]]
| runtime = 96 minutes
| country = [[United States|USA]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| budget =
| gross =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| website =
| amg_id = 1:48117
| imdb_id = 0051036
}}
'''''Sweet Smell of Success''''' is a [[1957 in film|1957]] [[Cinema of the United States|American]] ''[[film noir]]'' made by Hill-Hecht-Lancaster Productions and released by [[United Artists]]. It was directed by [[Alexander Mackendrick]] and stars [[Burt Lancaster]], [[Tony Curtis]], [[Susan Harrison]] and [[Martin Milner]]. The [[screenplay]] was by [[Clifford Odets]], [[Ernest Lehman]] and Alexander Mackendrick from the novelette by Lehman. The film tells the story of a powerful newspaper columnist named J.J. Hunsecker (Lancaster) who uses his connections to ruin his sister's relationship with a man he deems inappropriate. Lancaster's role is based on famed New York columnist [[Walter Winchell]].
In 1993, ''Sweet Smell of Success'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In [[2002]], ''[[Sweet Smell of Success: The Musical]]'' was created by [[Marvin Hamlisch]], [[Craig Carnelia]] and [[John Guare]].
== Plot ==
Sidney Falco (Curtis) has been unable to get a mention in J.J. Hunsecker's (Lancaster) influential newspaper column because he has been unable to make good on his promise to break up the romance between Hunsecker's younger sister Susan (Harrison) and Steve Dallas (Milner), an up-and-coming jazz guitarist. Blacklisted, and desperate to return to Hunsecker's good graces, Falco decides to spread false rumors that Dallas is a dope-smoking [[Communist]] in a rival column. When even this plan fails, however, Hunsecker orders Falco to plant [[reefer]]s on the musician and have him arrested and roughed up by Harry Kello (Meyer), a corrupt police officer.
That night Falco reports to Hunsecker's penthouse apartment, only to find Susan about to attempt suicide. He saves her, tearing her clothes in the process, just as her brother walks in, whereupon Hunsecker decides to destroy Falco's reputation by accusing him of raping Susan. In a climactic confrontation with Hunsecker, Falco reveals in front of Susan that her brother had told him to destroy Dallas' reputation. But in the last plot twist Susan reveals that she had already broken up with Dallas, and in the final scene walks out on her brother.
== Cast ==
*[[Burt Lancaster]] as J.J. Hunsecker
*[[Tony Curtis]] as Sidney Falco
*[[Susan Harrison]] as Susan Hunsecker
*[[Martin Milner]] as Steve Dallas
*[[Sam Levene]] as Frank D' Angelo
*[[Chico Hamilton]] as Himself
*[[Emile Meyer]] as Harry Kello
*[[Barbara Nichols]] as Rita
== Production ==
Faced with potential unemployment from the sale of [[Ealing Studios]] to the [[BBC]] in 1954, director Alexander Mackendrick began entertaining offers from Hollywood.<ref name= "kemp">{{cite news
| last = Kemp
| first = Philip
| coauthors =
| title = Lethal Innocence: The Cinema of Alexander Mackendrick
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = Heinemann
| date = [[June 1987]]
| url =
| accessdate = }}</ref> He rejected ones from the likes of [[Cary Grant]] and [[David Selznick]] and signed on with independent production company Hecht-Hill-Lancaster, enticed by their offer to adapt [[George Bernard Shaw]]’s play ''[[The Devil's Disciple]]''.<ref name= "kemp"/> After the project collapsed during pre-production, Mackendrick asked to be released from his contract. [[Harold Hecht]] refused and asked him to start work on another project – adapting Ernest Lehman’s novellette ''Sweet Smell of Success'' into a film.<ref name= "kemp"/>
Lehman’s story had originally appeared in a 1950 issue of ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]'' magazine renamed: "Tell Me About It Tomorrow!"<ref name= "kemp"/> (because the editor of the magazine didn't want the word "smell" in the publication.<ref name= "brady">{{cite news
| last = Brady
| first = John
| coauthors =
| title = The Craft of the Screenwriter
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = Touchstone Books
| date = March 1982
| url =
| accessdate = }}</ref> It was based on his own experiences working as an assistant to Irving Hoffman, a prominent New York press agent and columnist for ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''.<ref name= "kemp"/> Hoffman subsequently did not speak to Lehman for a year and a half.<ref name= "brady"/> Hoffman then wrote a column for [[The Hollywood Reporter]] speculating that Lehman would make a good screenwriter, and within a week Paramount called Lehman, inviting him to Los Angeles for talks.<ref name= "brady"/> Lehman went on to forge a notable screenwriting career in Hollywood, writing ''[[Executive Suite]]'', ''[[Sabrina (1954 film)|Sabrina]]'' and ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''.<ref name= "kemp"/>
By the time that Hecht-Hill-Lancaster acquired ''Success'', Lehman was in position to not only adapt his own novella but also produce and direct the film.<ref name= "kemp"/> After scouting locations, Lehman was told by Hecht that distributor [[United Artists]] was having second thoughts about going with a first-time director and so Hecht offered the film to Mackendrick. Initially, the director had reservations about trying to film such a dialogue-heavy screenplay and so he and Lehman worked on it for weeks to make it more cinematic.<ref name= "kemp"/> As the script neared completion, Lehman fell ill and had to resign from the picture. [[James Hill (film producer)|James Hill]] took over and offered [[Paddy Chayefsky]] as Lehman’s replacement. Mackendrick suggested [[Clifford Odets]], a left-wing playwright who had been blacklisted for his political affiliations.<ref name= "kemp"/>
Mackendrick assumed that Odets would only need two or three weeks to polish the script. He took four months. Mackendrick remembers, "We started shooting with no final script at all, while Clifford reconstructed the thing from stem to stern".<ref name= "kemp"/> The plot was largely intact but, as Mackendrick stated in ''Notes on Sweet Smell of Success'', "What Clifford did, in effect, was dismantle the structure of every single sequence in order to rebuild situations and relationships that were much more complex, had much greater tension and more dramatic energy".<ref name= "kemp"/>
This process took time and the start-date for the production could not be delayed.<ref name= "kemp"/> Odets had to accompany the production to [[Manhattan]] and continued rewriting while they shot there. Returning to the city that had shunned him for going to Hollywood made him very neurotic and obsessed with all kinds of rituals as he worked at a furious pace with pages often going right from his typewriter to being shot the same day. Mackendrick said, "So we cut the script there on the floor, with the actors, just cutting down lines, making them more spare – what Clifford would have done himself, really, had there been time".<ref name= "kemp"/>
Tony Curtis had to fight for the role of Sidney Falco because the studio he was contracted to, [[Universal Studios|Universal]], was worried that it would ruin his career.<ref name= "kemp"/> Tired of doing pretty-boy roles and wanting to prove that he could act, Curtis got his way. For the role of J.J. Hunsecker, [[Orson Welles]] was originally considered. Mackendrick wanted to cast [[Hume Cronyn]] because he felt that Cronyn closely resembled Walter Winchell, the basis for the Hunsecker character in the novelette.<ref name= "brady"/> Lehman makes the distinction in an interview that Winchell was the inspiration for the version of the character in the novelette, and that this differs from the character in the film version.<ref name= "brady"/> United Artists wanted Burt Lancaster in the role because of his box office appeal and his successful pairing with Curtis on ''Trapeze''.<ref name= "kemp"/>
Hecht-Hill-Lancaster allowed Mackendrick to familiarize himself with [[New York City]] before shooting the movie. In ''Notes on Sweet Smell of Success'', Mackendrick said, "One of the characteristic aspects of New York, particularly of the area between 42nd street and 57th street, is the neurotic energy of the crowded sidewalks. This was, I argued, essential to the story of characters driven by the uglier aspects of ambition and greed".<ref name= "kemp"/> He took multiple photographs of the city from several fixed points and then taped the pictures into a series of panoramas that he stuck on a wall and studied once he got back to Hollywood.<ref name= "kemp"/>
Mackendrick shot the film in 1957 and was scared the entire time because Hecht-Hill-Lancaster had a reputation for firing their directors for any or even no reason at all.<ref name= "kemp"/> The filmmaker was used to extensive rehearsals before a scene was shot and often found himself shooting a script page one or two hours after Odets had written it. Lancaster’s presence also made Mackendrick nervous. Not only was he one of the film’s stars but also a producer and a frustrated director with a reputation for being tough on others.<ref name= "kemp"/> Shooting on location in New York City also added to Mackendrick’s anxieties. Exteriors were shot in the busiest, noisiest areas with crowds of young Tony Curtis fans occasionally breaking through police barriers. Mackendrick remembers, "We started shooting in [[Times Square]] at rush hour, and we had high-powered actors and a camera-crane and police help and all the rest of it, but we didn’t have any script. We knew where we were going vaguely, but that’s all".<ref name= "kemp"/>
== Reception ==
A preview screening of the film did not go well as Tony Curtis fans were expecting him to play one of his typical nice guy roles and instead were presented with Sidney Falco. Mackendrick remembers seeing audience members "curling up, crossing their arms and legs, recoiling from the screen in disgust".<ref name= "kemp"/> Burt Lancaster's fans were not thrilled with their idol either, "finding the film too static and talky".<ref name= "kemp"/> The film was a box office failure and Hecht blamed his producing partner Hill. "The night of the preview, Harold said to me, 'You know you've wrecked our company? We're going to lose over a million dollars on this picture,'" Hill recalled.<ref name= "kemp"/> However, Lancaster blamed Lehman who remembers a confrontation they had: "Burt threatened me at a party after the preview. He said, 'You didn't have to leave – you could have made this a much better picture. I ought to beat you up.' I said, 'Go ahead – I could use the money.'"<ref name= "kemp"/>
Critical reaction was much more favorable. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine said that the movie was "raised to considerable dramatic heights by intense acting, taut direction . . . superb camera work . . . and, above all, by its whiplash dialogue."<ref name= "kemp"/> Both it and ''The New York Herald'' included the film on their ten-best lists for 1957. The film's reputation only improved over time with David Denby in ''New York'' magazine calling it "the most acrid, and the best" of all New York movies because it captured, "better than any film I know the atmosphere of Times Square and big-city journalism".<ref name= "kemp"/>
''Sweet Smell of Success'' holds an 100 percent "fresh" rating at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] and a 100 metascore at [[Metacritic]]. Though Mackendrick's direction of the actors and his staging of the scenes is at times extraordinary, in recent years critics have praised only the film's dialogue, "courtesy of Ernest Lehman and Clifford Odets, a high-toned street vernacular that no real New Yorker has ever spoken but that every real New Yorker wishes he could", wrote A.O. Scott
in the ''[[New York Times]]''.<ref name= "scott">{{cite news
| last = Scott
| first = A.O
| coauthors =
| title = Another Bite From That Cookie Full of Arsenic
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = [[New York Times]]
| date = [[March 15]], [[2002]]
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/15/movies/15CHOI.html?ex=1185336000&en=e77581b33190aaf2&ei=5070
| accessdate = 2007-07-23 }}</ref> [[Andrew Sarris]] in the ''[[New York Observer]]'' wrote, "the main incentive to see this movie is its witty, pungent and idiomatic dialogue, such as you never hear on the screen anymore in this age of special-effects illiteracy".<ref name= "sarris">{{cite news
| last = Sarris
| first = Andrew
| coauthors =
| title = ''Sweet Smell of Success''
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = [[New York Observer]]
| date = April, [[2002]]
| url = http://www.filmforum.org/archivedfilms/sweetreview.html
| accessdate = 2007-07-23 }}</ref>
===Legacy===
In 1993, ''Sweet Smell of Success'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name= "nfr">
| last =
| first =
| coauthors =
| title = Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989-2007
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = [[National Film Registry]]
| date =
| url = http://www.loc.gov/film/titles.html
| accessdate = 2008-02-07 }}</ref> ''Time'' magazine ranked the film as one of the "All-Time 100 Movies".<ref name= "Schickel">{{cite news
| last = Schickel
| first = Richard
| coauthors =
| title = All-Time 100 Movies
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
| date = 2005
| url = http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/0,23220,sweet_smell_of_success,00.html
| accessdate = 2008-02-07 }}</ref> In [[2002]], ''[[Sweet Smell of Success: The Musical]]'' was created by [[Marvin Hamlisch]], [[Craig Carnelia]] and [[John Guare]].<ref name= "zoglin">{{cite news
| last = Zoglin
| first = Richard
| coauthors =
| title = Baby, It's Dark Outside
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
| date = [[March 17]], [[2002]]
| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101020325-218293,00.html
| accessdate = 2008-02-07 }}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* ''Sweet Smell of Success'', by [[Ernest Lehman]] and [[Clifford Odets]] ;([[December 31]], [[1998]], [[Faber and Faber]] Ltd.), ISBN 978-0571194100.
== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{imdb title| id=0051036|title=Sweet Smell of Success}}
* {{amg movie| id=1:48117|title=Sweet Smell of Success}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=sweet_smell_of_success|title=Sweet Smell of Success}}
* {{metacritic film|id=sweetsmellofsuccess|title=Sweet Smell of Success}}
* {{tcmdb title| id=24062|title=Sweet Smell of Success}}
* [http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,219497,00.html ''Sweet Smell of Success''] at ''Time'' magazine
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9406E6DE1130F933A25750C0A9649C8B63 ''New York Times'' article comparing New York City then and now]
* [http://www.filmsite.org/sweet.html ''Sweet Smell of Success''] at Film Site
* [http://www.filminfocus.com/faber-and-faber/alexander-mackendrick-on-the-s.php Alexander Mackendrick on ''Sweet Smell of Success'']
{{Americanfilms1950s}}
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:Black and white films]]
[[Category:Drama films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Film noir]]
[[Category:Films based on fiction books]]
[[Category:Films set in New York City]]
[[Category:United Artists films]]
[[Category:United States National Film Registry films]]
[[de:Dein Schicksal in meiner Hand]]
[[eu:Sweet Smell of Success]]
[[fr:Le Grand chantage]]
[[ja:成功の甘き香り]]
[[ru:Сладкий запах успеха (фильм)]]