Syracuse, New York
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/* Geography */ This section was written very poorly. I removed some of the worst material, and added some fact tags to remaining info that seems likely but is not cited.
{{otheruses4|the city in New York|other uses|Syracuse}}
{{wiktionarypar|Syracuse}}
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = City of Syracuse
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline = SyracuseSkyline01.JPG
|imagesize = 275px
|image_caption = A view of the Downtown Syracuse skyline
|image_flag =
|image_seal = syracuse_seal.gif
|image_map = Syracuse NewYork.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location of Syracuse within the state of New York
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[New York]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga]]
|government_type =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = [[Matthew Driscoll]] ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
|established_title =
|established_date = 1825
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 66.4
|area_total_sq_mi = 25.6
|area_land_km2 = 65
|area_land_sq_mi = 25
|area_water_km2 = 1.4
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.6
|area_water_percent = 2.15
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2000
|population_note =
|population_total = 147306
|population_density_km2 = 2266.8
|population_density_sq_mi = 5871
|population_metro = 732117
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban = 402267
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = Eastern Daylight Time
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|latd = 43 |latm = 02 |lats = 49 |latNS = N
|longd = 76 |longm = 08 |longs = 39 |longEW = W
|elevation_m = 116
|elevation_ft = 380
|website = [http://www.ci.syracuse.ny.us/ www.ci.syracuse.ny.us]
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code = [[Area code 315|315]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-73000
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0966966
|twin1 = [[Chiayi City]]
|twin1_country = {{flag|Taiwan}}
|twin2 = [[Tampere]]
|twin2_country = {{flag|Finland}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Syracuse''' (locally {{IPA2|ˈsɛrəkjuːs}}, sometimes {{pronEng|ˈsɪrəkjuːs}} or {{IPA|/ˈsɪərəkjuːs/}} by non-natives) is a city in [[Central New York|Central]] [[New York]], [[United States|USA]]. According to the [[United States Census 2000|2000 census]], the [[city]] population was 147,306, and its [[Syracuse metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] had a population of 732,117. It is the [[county seat]] of [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]] and the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over a million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well provided with convention sites, with a [[Oncenter|downtown convention complex]] and, directly west of the city, the [[Empire Expo Center]], which hosts the annual [[Great New York State Fair]]. Syracuse was named after the original [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]], a city on the eastern coast of [[Sicily]], [[Italy]].
The city has functioned as a major [[Crossroads (culture)|crossroads]] over the last two centuries, first between the [[Erie Canal]] and its branch canals, then of the [[Rail transport in the United States|railway network]]. Today, Syracuse is located by the intersection of Interstates 90 and 81, and [[Syracuse Hancock International Airport|its airport]] is the largest in the region.
Syracuse is home to [[Syracuse University]], a major research university, as well as several smaller colleges and professional schools.
==History==
===Early history===
[[Image:Erie Canal at Salina Street, Syracuse.jpg|thumb|Erie Canal at Salina Street, Syracuse]]
The Syracuse area was first seen by Europeans when [[France|French]] missionaries came to the area in the 1600s. A group of [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priests, soldiers, and [[coureurs des bois]] (including [[Pierre Esprit Radisson]]) set up a mission, known as Saint Marie Among the Iroquois or Ste. Marie de Gannentaha, on the northeast shore of [[Onondaga Lake]], at the invitation of the [[Onondaga Nation]], one of the five constituent members of the [[Iroquois confederacy]].
[[Image:Statetowerbuildingsyr.jpg|thumb|right|The [[State Tower Building]] in Syracuse (rear).]]
The mission was short lived, as the [[Mohawk Nation]] hinted to the Onondaga that they should sever their ties to the French, or the Onondaga's guests would suffer some horrible fate. The men in the mission caught wind of this and left under cover of a cold night in March. Their entire stay was less than two years. The remains of the mission have been located underneath a restaurant in nearby [[Liverpool, New York|Liverpool]]. There is now a living history museum in Liverpool that recreates the mission.
Just after the [[Revolutionary War]], more settlers came to the area, mostly to trade with the [[Onondaga Nation]]. [[Ephraim Webster]] left the [[Continental Army]] to settle in 1784, and [[Asa Danforth]], another revolutionary war hero, and [[Comfort Tyler]], whose engineering skill contributed to regional development, arrived four years later. All three settled in [[Onondaga Hollow]] south of the present city center, which was then marshy. [[Salt]] was discovered in several swamps in Syracuse, which brought more settlers to the area, and eventually gave the city the nickname '''"Salt City"'''.
===19th century: industrial growth===
[[Image:SyracuseSalinaHistoric.jpg|thumb|left|Syracuse during its golden years. This picture is of [[South Salina Street]] circa 1915.]]
The original settlement went through several name changes until 1824, first being called '''Salt Point''' (1780), then '''Webster's Landing''' (1786), '''Bogardus Corners''' (1796), '''Milan''' (1809), '''South Salina''' (1812), '''Cossits’ Corners''' (1814), and '''Corinth''' (1817). The [[United States Postal Service|U.S. Postal Service]] rejected the name [[Corinth]] upon its application for a post office, stating there was already a post office by this name in New York. Because of similarities such as a salt industry and a neighboring [[village]] named [[Salina]], the name Syracuse was chosen, after [[Syracuse, Sicily]].
In 1825, the Village of Syracuse was officially incorporated. Five years later, the [[Erie Canal]], which ran through the village, was completed. In 1848, Syracuse merged with nearby Salina to become the City of Syracuse. The opening of the canal caused a steep increase in the sale of salt, not simply due to the improved and lower cost of transportation, but because the canal caused New York farms to change from wheat to pork, and curing pork required salt. As salt production climbed, the processing became increasingly mechanized, and local industry became more generalized; population grew to 5,000 by 1850, from 250 in 1820, making it the twelfth largest city in the Union.
The Village of Syracuse and the Village of Salina were combined into the City of Syracuse on [[December 14]], [[1847]]. Harvey Baldwin was the first mayor of the new city.<ref>{{cite web | title= Our Founders | url = http://www.syracuse.ny.us/Pdfs/Renewing%20Syracuse/Summer%202004/Issue%207%20Page%207.pdf | format = PDF | date = 2004 |publisher = City of Syracuse}}</ref>
[[Image:JerryRescueMonument.jpg|thumb|right|Jerry Rescue Monument, Syracuse.]]
[[Image:FranklinSquare1.jpg|thumb|right|Syracuse is actively renovating former industrial areas into usable space today. One successful example is [[Franklin Square, Syracuse|Franklin Square]].]]
====Abolitionism and the Underground Railroad in Syracuse====
Syracuse became an active center for the [[abolitionist]] movement, due in large part to the influence of [[Gerrit Smith]] and a group allied with him, mostly associated with the [[Unitarian Church]] in Syracuse, as well as with [[Quakers]] in nearby [[Skaneateles]], supported as well by abolitionists in many other religious congregations. Prior to the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], due to the work of [[Jermain Wesley Loguen]] and others in defiance of federal law, Syracuse was known the "great central depot on the [[Underground Railroad]]". On [[October 1]],[[1851]], William Henry, a freed slave known as "Jerry" was arrested under the [[Fugitive Slave Law]]. The anti-slavery [[Liberty Party]] was holding its state convention in the city, and when word of the arrest spread, several hundred [[abolitionist]]s broke into the city jail and freed Jerry. The event came to be widely known as the "Jerry Rescue". <ref>[http://www.nyhistory.com/gerritsmith/jerry.htm The Jerry Rescue - New York History Net<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
====Industry and education in the late nineteenth century====
The salt industry declined after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], but a new manufacturing industry arose in its place. Throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s, numerous businesses and stores were established, including the [[Franklin Automobile Company]], which produced the first air-cooled engine in the world;{{Fact|date=October 2007}} the [[Century (steam car company)|Century]] [[steam car]] company; and the [[Craftsman Workshops]], the center of [[Gustav Stickley|Gustav Stickley's]] handmade furniture empire.
[[Syracuse University]] was chartered in 1870 as a Methodist-Episcopal institution.
[[Medical Institution of Geneva College]] was founded in 1834. It is now known as [[Upstate Medical University]], the only medical school in the Syracuse area, one of only three in the [[State University of New York]] system, and one of only five medical schools in the state north of New York City.
===Twentieth century===
By the twentieth century, Syracuse University was no longer sectarian, it has grown from a few classrooms located in downtown Syracuse into a major research institution. It is nationally well-recognized for its [[college basketball]], [[college football]], and [[college lacrosse]] teams. [[Le Moyne College]] was founded in 1946; [[Onondaga Community College]] in 1962.
[[World War II]] sparked significant industrial expansion in the area: specialty steel, fasteners, custom machining. After the war, two of the Big Three automobile manufacturers ([[General Motors]] & [[Chrysler]]) had major operations in the area. Syracuse was headquarters for [[Carrier Corporation]], Crouse-Hinds traffic signal manufacturing, and [[General Electric]] had its main television manufacturing plant at Electronics Parkway in Syracuse.
Syracuse's population peaked at 221,000 in 1950. Immigration from abroad introduced many ethnic groups to the city, particularly German, Irish, Italian, and Polish. African Americans had lived in Syracuse since [[Revolutionary War]] days, but between 1940 and 1960, some of the three million African Americans who migrated from the south to northern cities also settled in Syracuse. In the 1980s, many [[immigrant]]s from [[Africa]] and [[Central America]] also moved to Syracuse, as they did to many northern cities — sometimes under the auspices of several religious charities. However, these new Syracusans could not make up for the flow of residents out of Syracuse, either to its [[suburb]]s or out of state, due to job loss. The city's population slowly decreases every year.
Much of the city fabric changed after World War II, although [[Pioneer Homes]], one of the earliest government housing projects in the US, had been completed earlier, in 1941. Many of Syracuse's landmark buildings were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s. The federal [[Urban Renewal]] program cleared large sectors that remained undeveloped for many decades, although several new museums and government buildings were built.
The manufacturing industry in Syracuse began to falter in the 1970s. Many small businesses failed during this time, which contributed to an already increasing [[unemployment rate]]. [[Rockwell International]] moved their factory outside New York state. [[General Electric]] moved its manufacturing operations to [[Singapore]]. The [[Carrier Corporation]] moved its headquarters out of Syracuse and outsourced manufacturing to Asian locations. Nevertheless, although city population has declined since 1950, the [[Syracuse metropolitan area]] population has remained fairly stable, even growing by 2.5 percent since 1970. While this growth rate is greater than much of Upstate New York, it is far below the national average during that period.
==Geography and climate==
===Geography===
[[Image:Syracuse High View.jpg|thumb|right|A view of [[Downtown Syracuse]] from [[University Hill, Syracuse|University Hill]].]]
Syracuse is located at {{coor dms|43|2|49|N|76|8|40|W|city}} (43.046899, -76.144423){{GR|1}}.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 25.6 [[square mile]]s (66.4 [[km²]]), of which, 25.1 square miles (65.0 km²) of it is land and 0.6 square miles (1.4 km²) of it (2.15%) is water.
The city stands at the northeast corner of the [[Finger Lakes]] Region. The city has many neighborhoods which were originally various villages that joined the city over the years. Although the central part of Syracuse is flat, many of its neighborhoods are located on small hills such as [[University Hill]] and [[Tipperary Hill]]. Land to the north of Syracuse is generally flat while land to the south is hilly.
About 27 percent of Syracuse's land area is covered by 890,000 trees — a higher percentage than in [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] or [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]. This is despite the [[New York State Labor Day Derechos|Labor Day Storm]] of 1998, a [[derecho]] which destroyed approximately 30,000 trees. The [[sugar maple]] accounts for 14.2 percent of Syracuse's trees, followed by the [[Northern white cedar]] (9.8 percent) and the [[Buckthorn|European buckthorn]] (6.8 percent).
The most common street tree is the [[Norway maple]] (24.3 percent) followed by the [[honey locust]] (9.3 percent).
The densest tree cover in Syracuse is in the two Valley neighborhoods, with 46.6 percent of their land covered by trees. The lowest tree cover percentage is found [[Downtown Syracuse|downtown]], which consists of only 4.6 percent trees.<ref>Weiner, Mark: "Census of trees sees healthy population - Syracuse, one of Upstate's leafiest cities, is coming back after the devastating [[1998 Labor Day Storm]]", ''[[Post-Standard]]'', [[27 April]] [[2001]]</ref>
[[Image:onondagacreekfranklin.JPG|thumb|left|[[Onondaga Creek]] as it flows under the bridges near [[Franklin Square, Syracuse|Franklin Square]].]]
Syracuse's main water source is [[Skaneateles Lake]], one of the country's cleanest lakes{{fact}}, located about 20 miles (30 km) southwest of the city. Water from nearby [[Onondaga Lake]] is not drinkable due to industrial dumping that spanned many decades, leaving the lake heavily polluted.<rf>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onondaga_Lake</ref> Incoming water is left unfiltered{{fact}}, and chlorine is added to prevent bacterial growth. For periods of drought, there is also a backup line which uses water from [[Lake Ontario]].<ref>''[http://www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/audits/2003/cities/syracuse.htm City of Syracuse - Executive Summary (2003)]''</ref>
[[Onondaga Creek]], a waterway that runs through downtown, flows northward through the city. There are plans and aspirations to create a creek walk that will connect the [[Lakefront, Syracuse|Lakefront]] and [[Inner harbor, syracuse|Inner Harbor]] to [[Franklin Square, Syracuse|Franklin Square]], [[Armory Square]], [[North Valley, Syracuse|The Valley]], and ultimately the [[Onondaga Nation]]. The creek is navigable, yet can be quite a challenge as its channelized nature speeds up its flow, particularly in the spring, when it may be dangerous. Drownings of youngsters resulted in fencing of the creek through some residential areas.
===Climate===
[[Image:Syracuse Weather Statistics.png|thumb|right|Some of Syracuse's statistical weather averages]]Syracuse is known for its snowfall. Boasting 115.6 inches (293.6 cm) on average,<ref>"[http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/snowfall.html Snowfall - Average Total In Inches]", [[NOAA]], [[23 June]] [[2004]]</ref> the Syracuse metro area receives more snow on average than any other large city in the United States.<ref>Cappella, Chris: "[http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/askjack/2003-10-01-snowiest-cities_x.htm Answers: 10 snowiest 'cities' aren't all in New York]", ''[[USA Today]]'', [[3 October]] [[2003]]</ref><ref>Kirst, Sean: "We won't buckle under the Snowbelt's blows", ''[[Post-Standard]]'', [[14 March]] [[2005]]</ref> Syracuse continually wins the [[Golden Snowball Award]], among Upstate cities. Its record so far is 192.1 inches (487.9 cm). The high snowfall is a result of the fact that the city receives both [[lake effect snow|lake effect]] and [[nor'easter]] snow. Snow most often falls in small (about 1-3 inches/2-8 cm), almost daily doses, over a period of several days. Larger snowfalls do occur occasionally, and even more so in the northern suburbs.
One notable blizzard was the [[Storm of the Century (1993)|Blizzard of 1993]], during which 42.9 inches (109 cm) fell on the city within 48 hours, with 35.6 inches (90.4 cm) falling within the first 24 hours. Syracuse received more snow than any other city in the country during this storm, which shattered a total of eight local records, including the most snow in a single snowstorm.<ref>Staff Reports: "A Storm for the records - Blizzard of 1993 brought 42.9 inches", ''[[Post-Standard]]'', [[31 December]] [[2003]]</ref> A second notable snowfall was the Blizzard of 1966, with 42.3 inches. Ironically, virtually no snow fell during the Blizzard of 2006, where the Catskills and New York City saw over two feet (60 cm) of snow fall in about one day.
Syracuse's hottest month is historically July, with an average high temperature of 82 °F (28 °C), while its coldest month is historically January, with an average high temperature of 31 °F (-1 °C). The Record high of 102 °F (39 °C) was recorded on [[July 9]], [[1936]] and record lows of -26 °F (-32 °C) were recorded on [[January 26]], [[1966]] and [[February 18]], [[1979]].
A few recent summers in Syracuse have been warmer than previous ones in the city and, like in some other places in the nation, previous records have been broken. For example, the summers of 2005 and 2002 were, respectively, the hottest and second-hottest summers on record.<ref>Weiner, Mark: "Season soars into record - Warmest summer may affect our winter", ''[[Post-Standard]]'', [[22 September]] [[2005]]</ref>
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{{wide image|Syracuse Skyline Wide.jpg|Panorama over Syracuse, with [[Downtown Syracuse|Downtown]] skyline to left, [[University Hill, Syracuse|University Hill]] skyline to right.}}
==Demographics==
{| id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 5em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3"
!colspan="4"|'''Syracuse Compared'''<br><small>(monetary values in [[United States dollar]]s)</small>
|-
|'''[[United States Census, 2000|2000 Census]]'''||'''Syracuse'''||'''NY State'''||'''U.S.'''
|-
|Total population||147, 306||18,976,457||281,421,906
|-
|Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000||-10.4%||+5.5%||+13.1%
|-
|Population density||5,871/sq mi||402/sq mi||80/sq mi
|-
|Median household income (1999)||$25,000||$43,393||$41,994
|-
|Per capita income||$15,168||$23,389||$21,587
|-
|Bachelor's degree or higher||23%||27%||24%
|-
|Foreign born||8%||20%||11%
|-
|White||64%||62%||69%
|-
|Black||25%||16%||12%
|-
|Hispanic||3%||15%||13%
|-
|Asian||10%||6%||4%
|}
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 147,306 people, 59,482 households, and 30,335 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 5,871.0 people per square mile (2,266.8/km²). There were 68,192 housing units at an average density of 2,717.8/sq mi (1,049.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 64.26% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 25.35% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.13% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3.37% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.23% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.61% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.27% of the population. Syracuse has experienced almost yearly population declines, the city's total population falling by 33% to 147,306 from its 1950 peak of 220,583 inhabitants.
The largest ancestries include [[Irish American|Irish]] (15.9%), [[Italian American|Italian]] (14.1%), [[German American|German]] (12.2%), [[English American|English]] (7.6%), and [[Polish American|Polish]] (5.0%).[http://www.city-data.com/city/Syracuse-New-York.html]
Syracuse has historically enjoyed a relatively diverse ethnic population, including sizable [[Irish-American]], Italian-American, Polish-American communities. Currently the city has a growing Latino population, and is also a resettlement center for refugees from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]], [[Cuba]], [[Sudan]] (the "[[Lost Boys of Sudan|Lost Boys]]") as well as [[Somali Bantu|Bantus]].
There were 59,482 households out of which 30.46% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 12.65% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.84% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.58% were non-families. 38.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 3.11.
[[Image:Syracuse Race Statistics.png|thumb|right|Syracuse's racial makeup in 2000]]In the city the population was spread out with 25.0% under the age of 18, 16.8% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $25,000, and the median income for a family was $33,026. Males had a median income of $30,312 versus $23,997 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,168. About 21.7% of families and 27.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 35.1% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-left:3px; text-size:80%; text-align:right"
|align=center colspan=3| '''City of Syracuse <br>Population by year [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html]'''
|-
!Year
!Population
!Rank
|-
|-
|1850 || 22,271
|28
|-
|1860 || 28,119
|30
|-
|1870 || 43,051
|29
|-
|1880 || 51,792
|32
|-
|1890 || 88,143
|31
|-
|1900 || 108,374
|30
|-
|1910 || 137,249
|34
|-
|1920 || 171,717
|37
|-
|1930 || 209,326
|40
|-
|1940 || 205,967
|41
|-
|1950 || 220,583
|47
|-
|1960 || 216,038
|53
|-
|1970 || 197,208
|66
|-
|1980 || 170,105
|86
|-
|2000 || 147,306
|
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" | [[List of United States metropolitan statistical areas by population|Current Standing]]
|}
==Economy==
[[Image:Syracuse MONY.jpg|thumb|right|[[AXA]] is not one of the region's top ten employers, but the AXA [[tower]]s and [[weather beacon]] are a prominent piece of the Syracuse [[skyline]].]]
Syracuse's economy has faced challenges over the past decades as industrial jobs have left the area. The number of local and state government jobs also have been declining for several years. Syracuse's top employers are now primarily in [[education]] and in the [[service industry]]. [[University Hill, Syracuse|University Hill]] is Syracuse's fastest growing neighborhood, fueled by expansions by [[Syracuse University]] and [[Upstate Medical University]] (a division of the [[State University of New York]]), as well as dozens of small medical office complexes. Historically, salt springs around [[Onondaga Lake]] were an important source of salt that was distributed throughout the north-east via the Erie Canal; Irish immigrants working in this industry created the local dish of [[salt potatoes]].
===Top employers===
The top employers in the Syracuse region and the size of their workforce, as of [[January 1]], [[2006]]:
* [[Syracuse University]]: 7,371
* [[State University of New York]] [[Upstate Medical University]]: 6,400
* [[National Grid (US)|National Grid]]: 4,989
* [[Wegmans|Wegmans Food Markets]]: 4,717
* [[Oneida Indian Nation|Oneida Nation]] and Oneida Nation Enterprises: 4,700
* [[St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center]]: 3,307
* [[Magna International]]: 3,000
* [[Verizon Communications]]: 2,750
* [[Penn Traffic Company]]: 2,700
* [[Lockheed Martin Corp.]]: 2,350
* [[Loretto]]: 2,204
(source: ''[[Syracuse Post Standard]]'')
[[Image:Syracuse skyline.jpg|thumb|right|Syracuse skyline, from [[Downtown Syracuse|downtown]] at left to [[Carrier Dome]] at<br>[[Syracuse University]] at right, from northwest.]]
[[Bristol-Myers Squibb]], founded by alums of nearby [[Hamilton College]], has a complex near the Eastwood district.<ref>[http://www.bms.com/ehs/facili/data/syracu.html Bristol-Myers Squibb's Syracuse Campus]</ref> [[Time Warner Cable]] has based one of its divisions in Syracuse.<ref>[http://www.timewarnercable.com/centralny/aboutus/syracuse.html Time Warner Cable's Syracuse Division]</ref>
Today the Syracuse area has few extremely large employers, but rather many smaller ones, which provides for a certain amount of stability. Additionally, eight of the area's top eleven employers are in [[education]] or the [[service industry]], which tend to be much more stable than the [[manufacturing industry]].
The Syracuse area's unemployment rate of 5.0 percent is comparable to the national rate of 4.8 (March, 2006). Throughout 2006, the area has continued to gain jobs over the previous year's figures. During February and March 2006, the area's job growth rate tied with [[New York City]] for the highest in the state.<ref>Moriarty, Rick: "CNY Leads in Job Growth", ''[[Post-Standard]]'', [[21 April]] [[2006]]</ref>
==Neighborhoods==
[[Image:Syracuse Neighborhoods Labeled.gif|thumb|The 26 Syracuse neighborhoods]]
The City of Syracuse officially recognizes 26 [[Neighbourhood|neighborhoods]] within its boundaries. Some of these have small additional neighborhoods and districts inside of them. In addition, Syracuse also owns and operates [[Syracuse Hancock International Airport]], located on the territory of four towns north of the city.
Syracuse's neighborhoods reflect the historically divided population. Traditionally, German- and Italian-Americans settled on its northside; Polish- and Irish-Americans on its westside; Jewish-Americans on the eastside; and African-Americans on its southside.
===Business districts===
Besides the dominant [[Carousel Center]] shopping mall in the Syracuse's Lakefront neighborhood, many of the city's more traditional neighborhoods continue to have active business districts:
* '''[[Downtown Syracuse|Downtown]]:''' [[Armory Square]] has replaced South Salina Street as the main retail and dining area of Downtown Syracuse. Armory Square has around 30 dining establishments, around 20 pubs, bars and clubs, and over 50 other retail stores. Similarly, but on a smaller scale, there is the [[Hanover Square, Syracuse|Hanover Square]] area as well.
* '''[[Eastwood, Syracuse|Eastwood]]:''' Calling itself "the village within the city", this former village still has a retail corridor along James Street.
* '''[[Little Italy, Syracuse|Little Italy]]:''' A neighborhood with Italian origins, Little Italy (part of the [[Near Northeast, Syracuse|Near Northeast]] neighborhood) has several blocks of bakeries, restaurants, pizzerias, shops, and services.
* '''[[University Hill, Syracuse|University Hill]]:''' [[Marshall Street]], along with its terminus South Crouse Avenue, is lined with stores, bars, and restaurants, primarily to cater the student population on "The Hill", as well as the over 25,000 people who work there daily. Additionally, East Genesee Street at the northwestern corner of the neighborhood has several retail establishments as well.
* '''[[Westcott, Syracuse|Westcott]]:''' This neighborhood, located east of University Hill, is also inhabited by many students. Westcott Street offers small stores and restaurants for their needs.
{{Syracuse Neighborhoods}}
<gallery>
Image:Eastwood Syracuse.jpg|Eastwood
Image:Armorysquaresyr.jpg|Armory Square
Image:SyracuseTipperaryLight.jpg|Tipperary Hill
Image:SyracuseStrathmoreHouse.jpg|Strathmore
Image:Clinton_Square.JPG|Clinton Square
Image:HannoverSquareSyracuse.jpg|Hanover Square
Image:Suhilldome3.jpg|University Hill
Image:Syracuse Westcott.jpg|Westcott
Image:FranklinSquare2.jpg|Franklin Square
<!-- Deleted image removed: Image:SyracuseLittleItalyColumbusDay.jpg|Little Italy -->
Image:Carouselmallsyr.jpg|Carousel Mall
Image:Innerharborsyr.JPG|Inner Harbor
</gallery>
==Education==
===Primary and secondary schools===
====Public schools====
Residents are assigned to schools in the [[Syracuse City School District]] [http://www.syracusecityschools.com/].
===Colleges and universities===
[[Image:June03 007.jpg|thumb|right|[[Syracuse University]]'s [[Crouse College]].]]
Syracuse's major research university, and its largest employer, is [[Syracuse University]], located on [[University Hill, Syracuse|University Hill]]. It had an enrollment of 19,082 for the 2006-2007 academic year<ref>[http://www.syr.edu/aboutsu/facts.html#14 Syracuse University Facts].</ref>
Surrounding Syracuse University are two [[State University of New York|State University]] (SUNY) schools, the [[State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry|SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry]] and [[State University of New York Upstate Medical University|SUNY Upstate Medical University]].
Also serving Syracuse are [[Le Moyne College]] on the city's eastern border, and [[Onondaga Community College]], which has its main campus in the adjacent [[Onondaga, New York|Town of Onondaga]] and has two smaller campuses downtown and in [[Liverpool, New York|Liverpool]]. A branch of SUNY's [[Empire State College]] is located in downtown Syracuse, along with a campus of the nationwide [[Byrant and Stratton College|Bryant & Stratton College]]. A campus of [[ITT Technical Institute]] also calls the Syracuse metropolitan area home, also located in [[Liverpool, New York|Liverpool]].
Other colleges and universities in the area include [[Cornell University]] and [[Ithaca College]] in [[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca]], [[Hamilton College]] in [[Clinton, New York|Clinton]], [[State University of New York at Oswego|Oswego State University]] in [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]], [[State University of New York at Cortland|SUNY Cortland]] in [[Cortland, New York|Cortland]], [[State University of New York at Morrisville|Morrisville State College]] in [[Morrisville, New York|Morrisville]], [[Colgate University]] in [[Hamilton (town), New York|Hamilton]], [[Cazenovia College]] in [[Cazenovia, New York|Cazenovia]], [[Wells College]] in [[Aurora, New York|Aurora]], and both [[Utica College]] and [[SUNY Institute of Technology]] in [[Utica, New York|Utica]].
===Public libraries===
[[Onondaga County Public Library]] operates Syracuse's public libraries [http://www.onlib.org/].
==Arts and culture==
[[Image:Syracuse Niagara Mohawk.jpg|thumb|The [[Niagara Mohawk Building]] (now owned by [[National Grid (US)|National Grid]]), an example of [[art deco]].]]
An up-to-date directory and events calendar covering all of the visual and performing arts in Syracuse is available at [http://www.syracusearts.net SyracuseArts.net].
===Performing arts===
Live [[jazz]] music is the centerpiece of two annual outdoor festivals in Syracuse, the [[M&T Syracuse Jazz Festival]], Polish Festival as well as the [[CNY Jazz Arts Foundation]]'s [[Jazz In The Square Festival]]. Performers in the last five years have included [[Chuck Mangione]], [[Joshua Redman]], [[Smokey Robinson]], [[Branford Marsalis]], [[The Bad Plus]], [[Randy Brecker]], [[Stanley Clarke]], [[Jimmy Heath]], [[Terrence Blanchard]], [[Slide Hampton]], [[Bobby Watson]], [[Dr. John]], and [[Aretha Franklin]]. The Polish Festival hosted Grammy winners Jimmy Sturr and his Orchestra, polish music legend Stan Borys and Irena Jarocka, Grammy nominee Lenny Goumulka, LynnMarie & The John Gora Band.
Syracuse is home to the 75-member [[Syracuse Symphony Orchestra]] (SSO), founded in 1961. The SSO is under direction of [[Daniel Hege]]; its former Music Directors include [[Frederik Prausnitz]] and [[Kazuyoshi Akiyama]]. The orchestra performs over 200 concerts annually for an audience of over 250,000.
The [[Clinton String Quartet]] has been active for over 15 years and is based in the Syracuse area. All four members are also members of the Syracuse Symphony Orchestra.
The Syracuse Friends of Chamber Music for more than a half century have presented a series of concerts by various [[Chamber music|chamber]] ensembles.
The [[Society for New Music]], founded in 1982, is the oldest [[Contemporary classical music|new music]] organization in the state outside of New York City, and the only year-round new music group in [[upstate New York]]. The Society commissions at least one new work each year from a regional composer, awards the annual Brian Israel Prize to a promising composer under 30 years of age, and produces the weekly "[[Fresh Ink]]" radio broadcast for [[WCNY-FM]].
The Syracuse Opera Company is a professional company that generally performs three [[opera]]s each season. It was founded in 1963 as the Opera Chorus of the [[Syracuse Symphony Orchestra]] and became independent in 1973. In addition to full performances, it offers several free outdoor concerts each year in [[Armory Square]], [[Thornden Park]], and elsewhere. The company has an annual budget of [[US Dollar|$]]1 million and is the only professional opera company in upstate New York.
The Syracuse Shakespeare Festival is a charitable, educational, not-for-profit corporation dedicated to performing the works of William Shakespeare. It was founded in 2002 and is best known for its annual free Shakespeare-in-the-Park program at the Thornden Park Amphitheatre that has attracted more than 12,000 people since its inception.
[[Syracuse Stage]] presents experimental and creative theater; a number of its productions have been world premieres and have moved to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]{{Fact|date=March 2008}}. The venue was designed by its most famous former artistic director [[Arthur Storch]]. Its current artistic director is Timothy Bond.
Redhouse is Syracuse's newest professional theatre. Opened in 2004, Redhouse is a small theatre housed in a converted hotel, that offers performances by local, national, and international artists, and hosts regular exhibits in its art gallery, and screenings of [[independent films]].
Syracuse is also known for a large contemporary music scene, particularly in the [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[hardcore punk|Hardcore]], Ska, and [[Punk rock]] genres. {{Fact|date=February 2008}}
===Museums & art galleries===
[[Image:DSCN1757.JPG|thumb|Group of statues displayed outside the [[Everson Museum of Art]]]]
The '''[[Everson Museum of Art]]''', which opened in 1968 in a building designed by [[I.M. Pei]], features one of the most extensive pottery collections in the United States along with works of American art, dating from the 18th century to the present. This collection includes paintings, sculptures, drawings, photography, and video.
The '''Erie Canal Museum''' is a museum dedicated to preserving the history of the [[Erie Canal]] and its role in Syracuse's growth.
The '''International Mask and Puppet Museum''' is a museum in [[Little Italy, Syracuse|Little Italy]] focusing on masks and puppets, the later of which are also used in educational performances for children.
The '''[[Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology]]''' is a museum located in the [[Armory Square]] neighborhood that features exhibits in science and technology and also houses the city's only [[IMAX|IMAX theater]].
The '''Onondaga Historical Association Museum & Research Center''', located at 321 Montgomery Street [[Downtown Syracuse|downtown]], features exhibits on the past of the Syracuse region, and contains historical archives relating to the area's history. Its exhibits include a presentation of the history of the [[Underground Railroad]].
'''The Warehouse Gallery''' is located at 350 West Fayette Street in [[The Warehouse (Syracuse)|The Warehouse]]. It is a part of the Coalition of Museum And Art Centers (CMAC). This new contemporary art center exhibits, commissions, and promotes work by emerging and accomplished artists in a variety of media. The programming attempts to engage the community in a dialogue regarding the role the arts can play in illuminating the critical issues of our times.
The '''Spark Contemporary Art Space''' is located at 1005 E. Fayette St. in the Downtown area. Spark is run by Syracuse University graduate art students, but is a venue for a diversity of non-university affiliated events. The gallery's directors curate and organize art and music related events, while local artists can rent the space to hold their own events. With the initiation of a monthly video screening series in 2001, Spark became one of the leading venues for video art in Syracuse. Spark Video provides the community an opportunity to see video work from local and international artists.
The '''Delavan Art Gallery''' is located at 501 West Fayette Street in an old farm equipment factory. It has a 3800 square feet of exhibit space, and, on several other floors in the building, houses the studios of a number of area artists. It has shows which usually open on the first Thursday of the month. It showcases a wide variety of work, from multi-media sculpture to hyperealism.
The '''Point of Contact Gallery''' is located at 914 East Genesee Street. The newest member of the Coalition of Museums and Art Centers at Syracuse University, it is a space dedicated to the exploration of the verbal and visual arts and home of the Point of Contact Art Collection. It is a cross-disciplinary open forum for the essential discussion of contemporary art. A showcase for contemporary artists from around the world, with a strong prevalence from Latin America. The Point of Contact collection comprises over 200 original pieces created especially for "Point of Contact", the book series, since 1975. Photography, collage, drawings, paintings and three-dimensional works form this rare collection.
==Recreation==
[[Image:Syracuse Onondaga Park.jpg|thumb|Upper Onondaga Park in [[Strathmore, Syracuse|Strathmore]]]]
The City of Syracuse maintains over 170 parks, fields, and recreation areas, totaling over 1000 acres.<ref>[http://www.syracuse.ny.us/parks/parks/parks.html City of Syracuse Department of Parks]</ref> Burnet Park includes the first public golf course in the United States (1901) and [[Rosamond Gifford Zoo]]. Other major parks include [[Thornden Park]], Schiller Park, Sunnycrest Park, and the joined Onondaga and Kirk Parks. There are 12 public pools, two public ice rinks, and two public nine-hole golf courses in the city.
Right outside the city proper, along the east side and north end of [[Onondaga Lake]], is Onondaga Lake Park. The adjacent Onondaga Lake Parkway is closed to vehicular traffic several hours on Sundays during the summer months, so it can be used for walking, running, biking, and rollerblading. During the holiday season, the park hosts Lights on the Lake, a two-mile drive-through light show.
==Transportation==
===Public transportation===
Syracuse is served by the [[Central New York Regional Transportation Authority]], or CNYRTA. The CNYRTA operates bus service in Syracuse and its [[suburb]]s, as well as to outlying metropolitan area cities such as [[Auburn, New York|Auburn]], [[Fulton, Oswego County, New York|Fulton]], and [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]].
The Pyramid Companies have also proposed a [[monorail]] linking the university to the airport via downtown, their proposed [[Destiny USA|Destiny Resort]], the transportation center, and their proposed DestiNY Technology Park. The cost of such a line has been estimated at $750 million.
In 2005, local millionaire Tom McDonald proposed an [[aerial tramway]] system, called Salt City Aerial Transit (S.C.A.T.), to link the university to the transportation center. The first segment from Syracuse University to downtown has been estimated to cost $5 million, which McDonald plans to raise himself. Due to the perceived low operating costs, the system could run continuously. As of late 2006, the project remains in the planning stage.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rick |last=Moriarty |title=High flying idea stuck |work=[[The Post-Standard]] |date=[[2006-09-26]] |accessdate=2007-01-25 }}</ref>
===Commute===
[[Image:Syracuse Interstates.jpg|thumb|[[Interstate 81]] (foreground) and [[Interstate 690]] interchange in [[Downtown Syracuse]]]]
According to the [[U.S. Census, 2000|2000 Census]], this is how people aged 16 and over commute to work:
* 65.9% drive alone
* 13.7% [[carpool]]
* 10.1% walk
* 6.8% use public buses (CENTRO)
* 0.6% bike
* 0.2% use a [[taxicab]]
* 0.013% use elevated rail (OnTrack, now defunct)
Syracuse currently ranks 50th in the United States for [[List of U.S. cities with high transit ridership|high transit ridership]] and 12th for [[List of U.S. cities with most pedestrian commuters|most pedestrian commuters]]. 38,332 people commute daily into [[Onondaga County]] from the four adjoining counties (2006).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syracusecentral.com/images/market_data/cnycommute_lg.jpg |title=Graphic of commuter traffic volume |publisher=Syracuse Central}}</ref>
===Rail===
The city lies on [[Amtrak|Amtrak's]] [[Empire Service (transport)|Empire Service]], [[Lake Shore Limited]], and [[Maple Leaf (Amtrak)|Maple Leaf]] lines.
The Empire Service runs several times daily from [[Niagara Falls, New York|Niagara Falls]] to [[New York Penn Station]], with major stops in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], Syracuse, [[Utica, New York|Utica]], and [[Albany, New York|Albany]] along the way.
The Lake Shore Limited connects Syracuse to the same cities as above (except Niagara Falls), but continues westward from Buffalo to [[Chicago]] via [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]] and [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], and eastward to [[Boston]]. This train completes one roundtrip daily.
Also completing one roundtrip a day, the Maple Leaf follows the path of the Empire Service train, but continues to [[Toronto, Canada|Toronto]].
Amtrak's station is part of the [[William F. Walsh Regional Transportation Center]].
A regional commuter rail service, [[OnTrack]], was active from 1994 until it was discontinued in 2007 due to low ridership. Its sole route connected the [[Carousel Center]] to southern Syracuse, often extending to [[Jamesville, New York|Jamesville]] in the summer.
===Bus===
[[Greyhound Lines]] and [[Trailways]] provide long-distance bus service. Both also use the [[William F. Walsh Regional Transportation Center]] located in the northern area of the city.
===Air service===
Syracuse is served by the [[Syracuse Hancock International Airport]] in nearby [[Salina, New York|Salina]], near [[Mattydale, New York|Mattydale]]. The airport is served by 17 airlines (9 major), which provide non-stop flights to destinations as far away as [[Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex|Dallas-Fort Worth]], as well as several daily flights to other important airline hubs and business centers such as [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]], [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[Chicago]], [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]], [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]], [[New York, New York|New York City]], [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], and [[Washington, DC]]. Six cargo carriers also serve the airport.
===Major Highways and Roads that serve the Syracuse Area===
[[Image:SyracuseHighways.jpg|thumb|right|Syracuse's four [[interstate highway]]s link the city with its suburbs and other cities throughout the country.]]
'''Four [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highways]] run through the Syracuse area:'''
*[[Image:I-81.svg|22px]] [[Interstate 81]] ([[Highway 401 (Ontario)|Highway 401]] via [[Highway 137 (Ontario)|Highway 137]] in [[Canada]] to [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]) runs north-south through Syracuse, and provides access to Canada, [[Pennsylvania]] and points south. Its [[Downtown Syracuse|downtown]] portion is extremely narrow, only consisting of four lanes and essentially no onramps. It forms a physical and psychological border between downtown and [[University Hill]], an issue both [[Syracuse University]] and local politicians are trying to address. Moreover, it essentially marks the boundary between two State Senate districts.
*[[Image:I-90.svg|22px]] [[Interstate 90]] ([[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] to [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]]), also known as the [[New York State Thruway]] runs east-west, just north of the city. It is a [[toll road|toll highway]] that provides access to [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Albany, New York|Albany]], and the north-south ([[Interstate 87]]) part of the Thruway which leads to [[New York, New York|New York City]].
*[[Image:I-690.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 690]] runs east-west through the city, and provides access to Interstate 90, as well as to Syracuse's northwestern and eastern suburbs. A spur off I-690 directly west of the city, [[New York State Route 695|NY 695]], provides [[freeway]] access to the southwestern suburbs. It meets Interstate 81 in downtown Syracuse in a highly-complex and incomplete intersection. Most of its routing through the city directly replaced elevated rail lines, a fact quite notable by the city's former main rail terminal, where the freeway spans the width between the terminal and its outermost platform. In 1981 artist Duke Epolito erected sculptures of "passengers" on the far platform. The piece is entitled "Waiting for a Night Train."
*[[Image:I-481.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 481]] forms an eastern loop around the city and continues to the northwest as [[New York State Route 481|NY 481]] to [[Fulton, Oswego County, New York|Fulton]] and [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]], on the shore of [[Lake Ontario]].
'''Two [[United States Highway System|US Highways]] run through the Syracuse area:'''
*[[Image:US 11.svg|22px]] [[U.S. Highway 11]] ([[Quebec Route 223|Route 223]] in [[Canada]] to [[New Orleans]]) passes through Syracuse, including downtown, and it follows the route of Salina and State Streets.
*[[Image:US 20.svg|22px]] [[U.S. Route 20 in New York|U.S. Highway 20]] (Boston to [[Newport, Oregon]]) passes south of Syracuse.
'''[[New York State Highways|New York State Route]] Expressways:'''
*[[Image:NY-481.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 481]] - Travels from [[NY 104]] in Oswego to the junction of Interstate 81 and Interstate 481 north of Syracuse.
*[[Image:NY-690.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 690]] - Was built as an extension of Interstate 690 in the northwest suburbs of Syracuse. The route is a four-lane divided highway from its southern end at I-690, where it meets Interstate 90 (NYS Thruway), to its end northwest of Baldwinsville in Lysander at [[NY 48]] and [[NY 631]].
*[[Image:NY-695.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 695]] - Is a short state highway located west of Syracuse in the town of [[Solvay, New York|Solvay]] in [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]]. The number of the highway was derived from the two highways that NY 695 links, Interstate 690 and NY 5.
==Government==
===Executive===
The city is headed by an elected [[mayor]] who is limited to two four-year terms. The incumbent is former Syracuse Common Council President [[Matthew Driscoll]], who first assumed the position in 2001 after the former mayor, [[Roy Bernardi]], resigned upon his appointment by [[President]] [[George W. Bush]] to a position in the [[Department of Housing and Urban Development]]. After serving the remaining term, Driscoll was re-elected that year, and again in 2005. Driscoll is a member of the [[Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/about/members.shtml| title=Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members}}</ref> a [[bi-partisan]] group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by [[Boston]] Mayor [[Thomas Menino]] and [[New York City]] Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]].
[[Image:Syrcityhall2.jpg|thumb|left|Syracuse City Hall]]
===Legislative===
The legislative branch of Syracuse is the Syracuse Common Council. It consists of a president and nine members, currently:
{|
|valign="top"|
* Hon. Bethaida González (D) - President
* Hon. Van B. Robinson (D) - Councilor at Large
* Hon. William M. Ryan (D) - Councilor at Large
* Hon. Kathleen Joy Callahan (D) - Councilor at Large
* Hon. Stephanie A. Miner (D) - Councilor at Large
|valign="top"|
* Hon. Jeff DeFrancisco (R) - 1st District
* Hon. Patrick J. Hogan (D) - 2nd District (endorsed by the Republican party)
* Hon. Ryan McMahon (R) - 3rd District
* Hon. Thomas M. Seals (D) - 4th District
* Hon. William J. Simmons (D) - 5th District
|}
===Judicial===
The Onondaga County Supreme and County Court is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Syracuse. It is also the administrative court for the Fifth District of the [[New York State Unified Court System]]. Judges for these courts are elected at-large.
[[Image:Syracusecountycourthouse3.JPG|thumb|left|Courthouse at Columbus Circle]]
The [[U.S. District Court]] for the Northern District of New York also holds court in downtown Syracuse at the James Hanley Federal Building.
==Media==
===Radio===
{{seealso|Category:Radio stations in Syracuse, New York}}
===Newspapers===
Syracuse has one major daily morning newspaper, ''[[The Post-Standard]]''. Until 2001, Syracuse also had an evening paper, ''[[The Syracuse Herald-Journal|The Herald-Journal]]''. Besides a Syracuse/Onondaga County edition, ''The Post-Standard'' publishes three additional editions: [[Cayuga County|Cayuga]], [[Madison County, New York|Madison]], and [[Oswego County|Oswego]] for the other three counties of the metropolitan area, plus an additional edition on Sundays. It has six news bureaus throughout Central New York, as well as one in [[Albany, New York|Albany]] (state capital) and [[Washington, DC]].
Before the merger with the evening paper, the ''Post-Standard'' was named among the "10 best newspapers in America with a circulation of under 100,000" by [[Al Neuharth]] of [[USA Today]] (run by a competing organization). Since the merger, circulation has increased to over 120,000. Even outside of its four-county delivery area, the paper is available in many convenience stores and supermarkets from the [[Canada|Canadian]] to the [[Pennsylvania]]n border. The newspaper partly caters to this audience as well, covering many stories from the [[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca]], [[Utica, New York|Utica]], and [[Watertown, New York|Watertown]] areas. Since opening a new printing press in 2002, the paper calls itself "America's Most Colorful Newspaper," as almost every page contains color.
''[[Syracuse New Times]]'' is a weekly, free, ad-supported arts and entertainment newspaper. Owned by Zimmer Ltd, Syracuse New Times is published in Syracuse, New York by Arthur Zimmer and distributed throughout the central New York region. The publication is released every Wednesday, with over 137,600 readers, and is distributed to over 950 locations in Central New York. Launched in 1969, it is one of the oldest alternative weekly newspapers in the country.
''[[The Daily Orange]],'' the newspaper of [[Syracuse University]] and [[SUNY ESF]] students, is read by over 20,000 people daily, and is widely distributed in the [[University Hill, Syracuse|University Hill]] neighborhood and [[Armory Square]]. ''The Dolphin,'' the weekly student newspaper of [[Le Moyne College]] is also available, but read mainly by Le Moyne students.
''UrbanCNY'' focuses on the African-American community and has been in production since 1989. Publisher/Editor Kenneth Jackson has won awards for the publication, including Best Column and 2nd Place Best News Website for [http://www.urbancny.com UrbanCNY] in the 2006 Syracuse Press Club Awards. Jackson won Best Column from the New York Press Association in 2004 for his work in City Eagle.
There are other popular free newspapers, including ''[[Eagle Newspaper]]'''s downtown edition, the ''City Eagle'', and ''Table Hopping'', which focuses on the restaurant and entertainment scene.
===Television===
Syracuse has eight full-power [[broadcast television]] stations:
{|
|valign="top"|
* [[NBC]]: [[WSTM]] 3
* [[CBS]]: [[WTVH]] 5
* [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]: [[WSYR-TV|WSYR]] 9
* [[The CW Television Network|The CW]]: [[WSTQ-LP|WSTQ]] 6/14
|valign="top"|
* [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]: [[WCNY-TV|WCNY]] 11/24
* [[MyNetworkTV]]: [[WNYS]] 7/43
* [[ION Media Networks|ion]]: [[WSPX-TV|WSPX]] 4/56
* [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: [[WSYT]] 8/68
|}
Additionally, networks such as [[Cornerstone Television]] channel 11 & 22, [[Univision]], and [[MTV2]] are broadcast by [[Low-power broadcasting|low-power television station]]s.<ref>[http://www.cnymedia.com/transmitters.cfm?Band=TV&Market=Syracuse CNY Media: Syracuse TV Stations Transmitters]</ref>
Syracuse's [[cable television]] provider is [[Time Warner|Time Warner Cable]], which, as a part of its regular and digital offerings, provides a 24-hour local news channel ([[News 10 Now]]), local sports channel, [[public access television|public access channel]], and an additional [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] channel.
[[Dish Network]] and [[DirecTV]] also provide local [[satellite television]] subscribers with local broadcast stations.
{{seealso|Category:Television stations in Syracuse}}
==Religion==
'''[[Buddhism]]:''' Buddhism has its presence in Syracuse with the [[Zen Center of Syracuse]] on the Seneca Turnpike; as well as a center on Park Street, on the city's north side.
'''[[Christianity]]:''' Syracuse has two [[cathedral]]s, the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopalian]] [[St. Paul's Cathedral, Syracuse|St. Paul's Cathedral]] and the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Syracuse|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]]. Both are located at [[Columbus Circle (Syracuse, NY)|Columbus Circle]]. Both are home to their respective [[diocese]]s, the [[Diocese of Central New York]] (Episcopalian) and the [[Diocese of Syracuse]] (Roman Catholic). Syracuse is also home to the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Roman Catholic). In addition there are dozens of [[church]]es in Syracuse of nearly every Christian denomination, including [[Jehovah's Witness]], [[Christian Science]], [[Reformed Presbyterian]] and [[Metaphysical Christian]]. [http://syr-area.com/how.html Complete List]
The Assembly of God, Southern Baptist Convention, and the United Church of Christ have their State offices in the Greater Syracuse area.
[[Image:Catherdalsyr.jpg|thumb|left|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]]
'''[[Hinduism]]:''' [[Hindu]] houses of worship include the [[Hindu Mandir]] of Central New York in Syracuse
'''[[Sikhism]]:''' [[Sikh]] The house of worship is the Sikh Foundation of Syracuse, in [[Liverpool, New York|Liverpool]].
'''[[Islam]]:''' [[Islam]] also has a presence in Syracuse, with the [[Islamic Society of Central New York Mosque]] on Comstock Avenue and Muhammad's Study Group on West Kennedy Street.
'''[[Judaism]]:''' There are several [[Jewish]] [[synagogue]]s in Syracuse, including Temple Beth El, Temple Adath Yeshurun and the [http://www.templeconcord.org Temple Society of Concord], which is considered to be the ninth oldest synagogue in the United States.
'''[[Unitarian Universalism]]:''' There are two [[Unitarian Universalism|Unitarian Universalist]] churches in Syracuse.
[http://syr-area.com/how.html A complete list of Syracuse's Houses of Worship]
==Sports==
[[Image:Alliancebankstadium1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Alliance Bank Stadium]] is home to the Syracuse Chiefs [[Minor league baseball|Triple A Baseball]] team. It was built in 1997 on the city's [[Northside, Syracuse|northside]].]]
[[Image:SU Football.jpg|thumb|right|[[Syracuse University]]'s football team is part of the [[Big East]] Conference and plays its games in the [[Carrier Dome]].]]
{{main|Sports in Syracuse}}
===Professional===
* [[Syracuse Chiefs]] ([[International League]] affiliate of the [[Toronto Blue Jays]]) Stadium: [[Alliance Bank Stadium]]
* [[Syracuse Crunch]] ([[American Hockey League]] affiliate of the [[Columbus Blue Jackets]]) Arena: [[War Memorial at Oncenter]]
* [[Syracuse Raging Bullz]] ([[American Basketball Association (2000-)|American Basketball Association]]) Arena: [[War Memorial at Oncenter]]
* Syracuse has a rugby club known as the Syracuse Chargers
Syracuse was from 1946 until 1963 home to the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]'s [[Syracuse Nationals]], which are now the [[Philadelphia 76ers]]. They played seventeen seasons in Syracuse and even won the NBA championship in 1955. The NBA's [[24-second clock]] was invented in and first came into use in Syracuse. In March 2005 the city dedicated a monument to this fact. It is a 125% scaled model of the original shot clock used.
Syracuse has had several [[American Hockey League]] teams in the past, which traditionally did not last longer than three seasons.
The Syracuse Blazers began play in the Eastern Hockey league in 1973. The league disbanded in 1973. The team then affiliated with the North America Hockey League. [[1994]] marked the introduction of a new team, the [[Syracuse Crunch]], which have been playing at the [[War Memorial at Oncenter]] ever since.
Syracuse had a team in the [[National Lacrosse League]](NLL) called the [[Syracuse Smash]] for three seasons from 1998 to 2000. They moved to [[Ottawa]] in 2001 and became the [[Ottawa Rebel]]
Syracuse had a team for one season in the American Indoor Football League called the [[Syracuse Soldiers]].
The Syracuse-based Monolith Athletic Club is working to return professional [[soccer]] to Syracuse. The [[Syracuse Salty Dogs]] existed for two seasons (2002-2004) until folding due to financial problems. The game attendance had been among the highest in the [[USL First Division|A-League]].
===College===
* [[Syracuse University]] [[Syracuse University Orange|Orange]] ([[National Collegiate Athletic Association|Division I-A]]) Stadium: [[Carrier Dome]]
* [[Le Moyne College]] Dolphins ([[National Collegiate Athletic Association|Division II]])
* [[Onondaga Community College]] Lazers ([[National Junior College Athletic Association|NJCAA]])
* [[State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry]]
Syracuse University sports are by far the most attended sporting events in the Syracuse area. Basketball games often draw over 30,000 fans, and football games over 40,000. The university has bred dozens of famous professional players since starting an athletics program in the late nineteenth century, including all-time greats [[Jim Brown]] and [[Dave Bing]], and present professional stars [[Marvin Harrison]], [[Carmelo Anthony]] and [[Donovan McNabb]]. Both teams play in the [[Carrier Dome]].
==Famous Syracusans==
{{main|List of people from Syracuse, New York}}
Syracuse has been the residence of several celebrities,<ref>The previous list of Syracusans was filtered to only include those with over a million [[Google]] hits for their name plus their profession.</ref> among them:
*[[Rory Cochrane]] - actor
*[[Mark Copani]]- wrestler under the name Muhammad Hassan
*[[Tom Cruise]] - actor
*[[Robert F. Engle]] - economist
*[[Thom Filicia]] - interior design expert for American TV show [[Queer Eye for the Straight Guy]]
* [[Richard Gere]] - actor
*[[J.Son Dinant]] - [[Comedian]], [[Actor]], [[Reality TV]] personality
*[[Bobcat Goldthwait]] - comedian
*[[Grace Jones]] - model, singer, actress
*[[Mikey Welsh]] - former bass player of [[Weezer]]
*[[Tom Kenny]] - comedian, actor
*[[Dave Mirra]]- professional BMX bike rider
*[[Terry McAuliffe]] - former chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]] and confidant of President [[Bill Clinton]]
*The [[Shubert family|Schubert brothers]] - [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] entrepreneurs
*[[Rod Serling]] - screenwriter
*[[Craig Shirley]] - author and political consultant
*[[Gustav Stickley]] - furniture maker and [[American Craftsman]] spokesperson
*[[Jimmy Van Heusen]] - songwriter
*[[Tim Connolly]] - [[Buffalo Sabres]] Ice Hockey Player
*[[Tiffany Pollard]]- Star of reality show [[I love New York]]
several other well-known individuals have ties to the Syracuse metropolitan area, including:
*[[L. Frank Baum]] - author of ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]''; resident of [[Chittenango, New York]]
*[[Grover Cleveland]] - two-term [[President of the United States|United States President]]; childhood resident of [[Fayetteville, New York]]
*[[Jackie Coogan]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
*[[Beezie Madden]] - Olympic Gold Medal Equestrian Show Jumper, resident of Cazenovia, New York
*[[Leland Stanford]] - founder of [[Stanford University]]; graduate of [[Cazenovia College|Cazenovia Seminary]]
*[[Survivor: Vanuatu|Eliza Orlins]], contestant on [[Survivor: Vanuatu]], and [[Survivor: Micronesia]]
==Syracuse in film and television==
{{main|Syracuse in film and television}}
==Events==
{{main|List of annual events in Syracuse}}
==Sister cities==
Syracuse's [[Town twinning|sister cities]] are:
* [[Image:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|20px|]] [[Chiayi|Chiayi City]], [[Taiwan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syracuse.ny.us/mayorDocs/2/Taiwan.pdf |title=Mayoral Proclamation regarding sister City |date=Oct 2001 |format=PDF}} at [http://www.syracuse.ny.us/mayorProclamations.asp Syracuse, Mayor Proclamations]</ref>
* [[Image:Flag of Finland.svg|20px|]] [[Tampere]], [[Finland]]
==Syracuse suburbs==
Towns and villages in [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]] make up most of the suburban communities in the Greater Syracuse area. Towns and villages in such surrounding counties as [[Oswego County, New York|Oswego]], [[Madison County, New York|Madison]], [[Cortland County, New York|Cortland]], or [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga]] on the border of Onondaga County may also be considered Syracuse suburbs.
<table><tr><td valign=top>
;Towns:
*[[Camillus (town), New York|Camillus]]
*[[Cicero, New York|Cicero]]
*[[Clay, New York|Clay]]
*[[DeWitt, New York|DeWitt]]
*[[Elbridge (town), New York|Elbridge]]
*[[Fabius (town), New York|Fabius]]
*[[Geddes, New York|Geddes]]
*[[LaFayette, New York|LaFayette]]
*[[Lysander, New York|Lysander]]
*[[Manlius (town), New York|Manlius]]
*[[Marcellus (town), New York|Marcellus]]
*[[Onondaga, New York|Onondaga]]
*[[Otisco, New York|Otisco]]
*[[Pompey, New York|Pompey]]
*[[Salina, New York|Salina]]
*[[Skaneateles (town), New York|Skaneateles]]
*[[Spafford, New York|Spafford]]
*[[Tully (town), New York|Tully]]
*[[Van Buren, New York|Van Buren]]
</td><td valign=top>
;Villages:
*[[Baldwinsville, New York|Baldwinsville]]
*[[Camillus (village), New York|Camillus]]
*[[East Syracuse, New York|East Syracuse]]
*[[Elbridge (village), New York|Elbridge]]
*[[Fabius (village), New York|Fabius]]
*[[Fayetteville, New York|Fayetteville]]
*[[Jordan, New York|Jordan]]
*[[Liverpool, New York|Liverpool]]
*[[Manlius (village), New York|Manlius]]
*[[Marcellus (village), New York|Marcellus]]
*[[Minoa, New York|Minoa]]
*[[North Syracuse, New York|North Syracuse]]
*[[Skaneateles (village), New York|Skaneateles]]
*[[Solvay, New York|Solvay]]
*[[Tully (village), New York|Tully]]
</td></tr></table>
<br style="clear:both" />
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{cleanup-links}}
[[Image:SyracuseUSGS.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial View from the [[USGS]]]]
{{Commons|Syracuse, New York}}
{{Wikisource|The New Student's Reference Work/4-0404}}
* [http://www.syracuse.ny.us/ www.syracuse.ny.us - Syracuse city website]
* [http://www.syracusecentral.com Syracuse Central]
* {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/New_York/Localities/S/Syracuse|Syracuse}}
* [http://syracuse.com Syracuse.com - News site affiliated with ''The Post-Standard'']
** [http://www.syracuse.com/visit/ Syracuse.com's guide for Syracuse visitors and entertainment]
* [http://www.syracusearts.net/ Syracuse Arts]
* [http://www.syracusethenandnow.net Syracuse Then And Now (Historical Site)]
* [http://www.pacny.net/freedom_trail/ The Freedom Trail]
* [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=101643 Buildings of Syracuse]
* [http://www.nyhistory.com/gerritsmith/jerry.htm The Jerry Rescue]
* [http://www.davidmetraux.com/centralny.html Collection of Central NY photos] from davidmetraux.com
* [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mstone/ German Immigrant Ancestors in Syracuse and Onondaga County, New York (Historical)]
* [http://www.town-court.com/getTownCourt.php?courtID=41 Syracuse City Court information]
*[http://nysparks.state.ny.us/heritage/herit_area.asp New York State Heritage Areas]
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyononda/SYRACUSE/SYRACUSE.HTM Syracuse history/genealogy]
*{{wikitravel|Syracuse (New York)}}
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|43.046899|-76.144423}}
{{Onondaga County, New York}}
{{New_York}}
[[Category:New York State Heritage Areas]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1825]]
[[Category:Erie Canal]]
[[Category:Syracuse, New York| ]]
[[Category:Syracuse metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Onondaga County, New York]]
[[Category:Underground Railroad locations]]
[[Category:County seats in New York]]
[[Category:Cities in New York]]
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