Syria (Roman province)
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{{otheruses|Syria (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:REmpire-Syria.png|250px|thumb|Roman province of ''Syria'']]
[[Image:Mosaïque Phénix 03.JPG|right|thumb|280px|Roman mosaic from Antiochia (detail), [[Musée du Louvre]]]]
'''Syria''' was a [[Roman province]], conquered in [[64 BC]] by [[Pompey]], as a consequence of his military presence after pursing victory in the [[Third Mithridatic War]]. It remained under Roman, and subsequently Byzantine, rule for seven centuries, until [[637]] when it fell to the [[Islamic conquests]].
The Syrian army accounted for three legions of the [[Roman army]], defending the [[Parthian]] border. In the [[1st century]], it was the Syrian army that enabled [[Vespasian]]'s coup. Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the [[crisis of the third century]].
From the later [[2nd century]], the [[Roman senate]] included several notable Syrians, including [[Claudius Pompeianus]] and [[Avidius Cassius]]. In the [[3rd century]], Syrians even reached for imperial power, with the [[Severan dynasty]].
In 193, the province was divided into ''Syria Coele'' and ''Syria Phoenice''.
In the [[4th century]], under [[Theodosius I]], ''Syria Coele'' was further subdivided into ''Syria'', ''Syria Salutaris'', and ''Syria Euphratensis''), while ''Syria Phoenice'' was divided into ''Phoenice'' and ''Phoenicia Libanesia''.
The region remained an important province of the [[Byzantine Empire]] well into the [[6th century]], although frequently plagued by [[Sassanid]] incursions.
In [[637]], [[Battle of Iron bridge|Antioch was conquered]] by the [[Rashidun Caliphate army]].
==See also==
*[[History of Syria]]
*[[Ottoman Syria]]
*[[Assyria (Roman province)]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Roman provinces 120 AD}}
{{Late Roman Provinces}}
{{Syriac history}}
[[Category:Ancient Roman provinces]]
[[Category:History of Syria]]
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