Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
850969
221428317
2008-06-24T13:26:07Z
Nescio
343981
[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 221138671 by [[Special:Contributions/170.134.57.9|170.134.57.9]] ([[User talk:170.134.57.9|talk]])
{{Infobox_Disease
| Name = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image =
| Caption =
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 =
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|995.90}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID =
}}
In [[medicine]], '''systemic inflammatory response syndrome''' ('''SIRS''') is an [[inflammation|inflammatory state]] of the whole body (the "system") without a proven source of [[infection]]. It is a medical emergency.
==Definition of SIRS==
Criteria for SIRS were agreed upon in 1992.<ref>{{cite journal |author= |title=American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=864–74 |year=1992 |pmid=1597042 |doi=}}</ref> SIRS can be diagnosed when two or more of the following are present:<ref name=intensive_care>Irwin RS, Cerra FB, Rippe JM. Irwin and Rippe's Intensive Care Medicine. 5th Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hagerstown, MD. 2003. ISBN 0-7817-1425-7. [http://www.lww.com/product/?0-7817-3548-3 Publisher's information on the book].</ref><ref name=marino>Marino PL. The ICU Book. 2nd Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hagerstown, MD. 1998. ISBN 0-683-05565-8. [http://www.lww.com/product/?0-683-05565-8 Publisher's information on the book].</ref><ref>Sharma S, Steven M. Septic Shock. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2101.htm Accessed on Nov 20, 2005.</ref><ref name=tslotou>Tslotou AG, Sakorafas GH, Anagnostopoulos G, Bramis J. Septic shock; current pathogenetic concepts from a clinical perspective. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Mar;11(3):RA76-85. PMID 15735579. [http://www.medscimonit.com/pub/vol_11/no_3/4318.pdf Full Text].</ref>
* [[Heart rate]] > 90 beats per minute
* Body temperature < 36 or > 38°C
* [[Tachypnea]] (high respiratory rate) > 20 breaths per minute or, on [[blood gas]], a P<sub>a</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> < 4.3 kPa (32 mm Hg)
* [[White blood cell]] count [[Leukopenia|< 4000 cells/mm³]] or [[Leukocytosis|> 12000 cells/mm³]] (< 4 x 10<sup>9</sup> or > 12 x 10<sup>9</sup> cells/L), or the presence of greater than 10% immature neutrophils.
==Difference between SIRS and sepsis==
SIRS due to a suspected or proven infection is called [[sepsis]].
Simply stated:
:''SIRS + infection = sepsis'' <ref name=intensive_care/><ref name=marino/>
==Complications of SIRS==
SIRS can result in the [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]].
<br />[[Hypotension]] related to vessel dilation
<br />Hypovolemic [[shock (medical)|shock]]
==Causes of SIRS==
* Severe [[Physical trauma|trauma]]
* Surgery, complication of
* [[Adrenal insufficiency]]
* [[Pulmonary embolism]]
* Complicated [[aortic aneurysm]]
* [[Myocardial infarction]]
* [[Hemorrhage]]
* [[Cardiac tamponade]]
* [[Anaphylaxis]]
* Drug overdose
* [[burn (injury)|Burns]]
* [[Acute pancreatitis]]
* [[Immunodeficiency]] (such as [[AIDS]]<ref>Santhanam S, Tolan RW. Sepsis. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic3033.htm Accessed on Mar 12, 2006.</ref>)
==Relation to cytokine storm==
SIRS can be considered to be a subset of ''[[cytokine storm]]'', a general term (not commonly used in clinical medicine) for cytokine dysregulation.
==See also==
* [[Sepsis]]
* [[Shock (medical)|Shock]]
* [[Septic shock]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter156/156a.jsp Bacteremia and Septic Shock] ([[Merck Manual]]) - explains the usage of the terms ''bacteremia'', ''septic shock'', ''sepsis'' and ''septicemia''.
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Immune system disorders]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]
[[de:Systemisches inflammatorisches Response-Syndrom]]
[[es:Síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica]]
[[fr:Syndrome de réponse inflammatoire systémique]]
[[hr:Sindrom sustavna upalnog odgovora]]
[[it:Sindrome da Risposta Infiammatoria Sistemica]]
[[pl:SIRS]]
[[pt:Síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica]]
[[sv:Systemiskt inflammationsresponssyndrom]]
[[vi:Hội chứng đáp ứng viêm hệ thống]]