Szeged
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224658432
2008-07-09T21:10:05Z
Zello
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{{Infobox Settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
|image_skyline = Szeged400.jpg
|image_caption = [[Votive deposit|Votive]] Church
|image_shield = WĘG Segedyn COA.jpg
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{HUN}}
|timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset=+1
|timezone_DST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+2
|pushpin_map =Hungary
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Szeged
|pushpin_mapsize =
|official_name=Szeged
|map=<!--<div style="position: relative">[[Image:CsongrádMegye.png|275px]]<div style="position: absolute; left: 162px; top: 137px">[[Image:Red_Dot.gif]]</div></div>-->
|subdivision_type1=[[Counties of Hungary|County]]
|subdivision_name1=[[Csongrád (county)|Csongrád]]
|area_total_km2=280.84
|population_total=162889|population_footnotes=
|population_as_of=2005|population_density_km2=581
|postal_code=6700
|area_code=62
|leader_title=[[Mayor]]
|leader_name=Dr. László Botka
|latd=46.255
|longd=20.145
|website=http://www.szegedvaros.hu/
}}
'''Szeged''' ({{audio-IPA|hu-Szeged.ogg|[ˈsɛgɛd]}}), (approximate pronunciation Seg-ed), (known also by [[Szeged#Names|alternative names]]) is the fourth largest [[city]] of [[Hungary]], the [[regional centre]] of South-Eastern Hungary and the [[county seat|capital]] of the [[county]] of [[Csongrád (county)|Csongrád]].
== Names ==
The name Szeged might come from the [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] word for corner<ref>[http://www.szegedportal.hu/index.php?pg=101 On etymology]</ref> because of the turn of the river [[Tisza]] there. Others say it comes from the Hungarian word ''sziget'' which means "island".<br>
The city has its own name in some foreign languages. In Bulgarian Сегет; Croatian Segedin; in German Szegedin/Segedin; in Latin Partiscum; in Romanian Seghedin; in Serbian Сегедин, Segedin; in Slovak Segedín; in Turkish Segedin.
== Geographic location ==
[[Image:Szeged-tisza3.jpg|thumb|left|Szeged and the Tisza river.]]
Szeged is situated near the southern border of [[Hungary]], just to the south of the mouth of the [[Mures River|Maros River]], on both banks of the Tisza River ([[Theiss River|Theiss]], Tiscia). Due to the high number of sunshine hours annually, Szeged is often called ''City of Sunshine'' (a name she shares with another Hungarian city, [[Debrecen]].)
== Demographics ==
As of 2003, there are 175,301 people residing in the city; 93.5% [[Magyars]], 0.7% [[Roma (people)|Roma]], 0.5% [[German people|Germans]] ([[Danube Swabians]]), 0.2% [[Serbs]], 0.2% [[Romanians]], 0.1% [[Croats]], 0.1% [[Slovaks]] and 5.9% other. The [[population density]] is 582.9/km². There are 70,787 housing units at an average population density of 252.05/km².
== History ==
Szeged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. [[Ptolemy]] mentions the oldest known name of the city: ''Partiscum.'' It is possible that [[Attila the Hun|Attila]], king of the [[Huns]] had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Szeged was first mentioned in [[1183]], in a document of King [[Béla III]].
During the Mongol invasion the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis the Great]], Szeged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the Turkish armies got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King [[Sigismund of Luxembourg]] had a [[city wall|wall]] built around the town. Szeged was raised to [[free royal town]] status in [[1498]].
Szeged was first pillaged by the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] army on [[28 September]] [[1526]], but was occupied only in [[1543]], and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see [[Ottoman Hungary]]). The town was freed from Turkish rule on [[23 October]] [[1686]], and regained the free royal town status in [[1715]]. In [[1719]] Szeged got its [[coat of arms]] (still used today) from [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles III]]. During the next years Szeged grew and prospered. Piarist monks arrived to Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in [[1721]]. They also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. However, these years brought not only prosperity and enlightenment; between [[1728]] and [[1744]] [[witch trial]]s were frequent in the town; in 1728-29, the perhaps [[Szeged witch trials|largest Hungarian witch trial]] was held here. In 1720, the population of the city totalled 193 households, of which 99 were Serbian.
[[Image:Főtéri szökőkút-Szeged.jpg|220px|right|thumb|Downtown]]
Szeged is known as the home of [[paprika]], a spice made from dried, powdered [[capsicum]] vegetables. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th Century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later the plant was cultivated as a herb, and paprika as we know it was born.<ref name="paprika">[http://vickery.tv/acatalog/Paprika.html Paprika]</ref> Szeged is famous for Szekelygulyas, a goulash made with pork, sauerkraut and sour cream.<ref name="szekelygulyas">[http://www.aopy00.dsl.pipex.com/recipes/szekelygulyas.shtml Szeged Gulyas Recipe]</ref>
The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the [[Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary|revolution and war of independence of 1848-49]]. [[Lajos Kossuth]] delivered his famous speech here. Szeged was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July [[1849]]. The [[Hapsburg]] rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again, the [[railway]] reached it in [[1854]], and the town got its free royal town status back in [[1860]]. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's world famous Pick [[Salami]] Factory – was opened in 1869.
Today the inner city of Szeged has beautiful buildings and wide avenues. This is mainly due to the great [[flood]] of [[1879]], which literally wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor [[Franz Joseph]] visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise. During the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets.
After the [[world War I|first World War]] Hungary lost its southern territories to [[Romania]] and [[Serbia]], thus Szeged became a city close to the [[border]], and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. The [[University]] of Kolozsvár (now [[Cluj-Napoca]], Romania) moved to Szeged in [[1921]] (see [[University of Szeged]]). In [[1923]] Szeged took over the role of [[Bishop|episcopal]] seat from Temesvár (now [[Timişoara]], Romania).
Szeged suffered a lot during the [[World War II]], 6,000 inhabitants of the city were killed, the [[Judaism|Jewish]] citizens were confined to [[ghetto]]s, then taken to [[death camp]]s, and the [[Soviet Union|Soviet army]] occupied the city in [[1944]]. During the [[Communism|Communist]] era Szeged became a centre of [[light industry]] and [[food industry]]. In [[1965]] [[Petroleum|oil]] was found near the city; the area now satisfies 67% of the country's oil demand.
In [[1962]] Szeged became the county seat of Csongrád. Whole new districts were built, and lots of nearby villages (e.g. [[Tápé]], [[Szőreg]], [[Kiskundorozsma]], [[Szentmihálytelek]], [[Gyálarét]]) were annexed to the city in [[1973]] (as was a tendency during the Communist era).
Today's Szeged is an important university town and a popular tourist attraction.
The famous Open Air Plays of Szeged (first held in [[1931]]) are one of the main attractions; they are held every summer.
== Education ==
[[Image:Hungary szeged university 3.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The University of Szeged]]
The city of Szeged has 62 [[kindergartens]], 32 [[elementary schools]], 18 [[high schools]] and a [[university]], which has been established by the unification of the past existing [[higher education]] centres. The two most prominent high schools (''Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium'' and ''Radnóti Miklós Gimnázium'') are among the fifteen best in the country. Szeged is the higher education centre of southern Hungary and has built quite a reputation for itself. Thousands of [[students]] study here, many of whom are foreign students from all around the world. The ''[[Centre for Biological Research]]'' of the [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]], which was built with the help of [[UNESCO]] funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this [[laboratory]] were first in the world to produce ''artificial heredity material'' in the year [[2000]]. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science.
The [[University of Szeged]] was ranked as the best university of the country on [http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/ranking.htm Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2005], and one of the best 100 of Europe.
== Economy ==
Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its [[paprika]],<ref name="paprika"/> Szekelygulyas,<ref name="szekelygulyas"/> and Pick salami.
== Main sights==
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| City centre, ''Dóm tér'' ("Cathedral Square") <BR> with the [[Votive Church of Szeged|Votive Church]]
| [[Image:Szeged-Dóm.jpg|100px]]
|Church of [[Franciscans|Grey Friars]] ([[Gothic style|Gothic]], 15th century)
|[[Image:Szeged11.jpg|100px]]
|-
|The [[Szeged Water Tower|Water Tower]]
|[[Image:SSA42225.JPG|100px]]
|[[Dömötör Tower]] (13th century)
|[[Image:Szeged-domotor.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[Ferenc Móra]] Museum
|[[Image:Móra Ferenc Múzeum-Szeged.JPG|100px]]
|[[Reök Palace]]
|[[Image:Szeged-reok1.JPG|100px]]
|-
|[[Szeged Synagogue]]
|[[Image:Szegedzs.jpg|100px]]
|[[Szeged City Hall]]
|[[Image:Szeged-varoshaza.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[National Theatre of Szeged]]
|[[Image:Szeged 13.jpg|100px]]
|[[Gróf-palota]] (1913)
|[[Image:Szeged33.jpg|100px]]
|-
|Episcopal palace (centre of the [[Diocese of Szeged-Csanád]])
|-
|Serbian Orthodox Church (1773-1778)
|
|Synagogue http://zsinagoga.szeged.hu/
|
|-
|Minorite Church ([[Baroque]], 18th century)
|
|Botanical Garden of the University
|
|-
|[http://zoo.szeged.hu/ Szeged Zoo]
|
|[[Fekete Haz]] "Black House", Museum of Currency
|
|-
|Eclectic building of Radnóti Miklós High School (Radnóti Miklós Gimnázium)|
|
|}
</center>
==Famous people born in Szeged==
[[Image:Szegedvaros-aranycsapat.JPG|200px|right|thumb|A memorial of the [[Golden Team]], the legendary football team of Hungary]]
* [[Adrián Annus]] (1975), hammer thrower
* [[Sophie Evans]] (1976), adult movie star
* [[Gábor Agárdy]] (1922–2006), actor
* [[Béla Balázs]] (1884–1949), writer, poet, film critic
* [[Zsolt Becsey]] (1964), politician
* [[Ivan Fellegi]] (1935), [[Chief Statistician of Canada]]
* [[Rajmund Fodor]] (1976), water polo player
* [[Jenő Huszka]] (1875–1960), composer
* [[Éva Janikovszky]] (1926–2003), writer
* [[Gyula Juhász]] (1883-1937), poet
* [[Esther Jungreis]] , Orthodox Jewish outreach speaker
* [[Géza Maróczy]] (1870–1951), chess grand master
* [[Tamas Molnar]] (1975), water polo player
* [[László Paskai]] (1927), Archbishop of [[Esztergom]]
* [[Willy Pogany]] (1882-1955), illustrator
* [[Vilmos Zsigmond]] (1930), cinematographer
* [[Robert Nagy]] (1967), speedway rider
* [[Ferenc Temesi]] writer
==Famous people lived in Szeged==
* [[Ferenc Móra]] writer, archaeologist
* [[István Tömörkény]] writer, archaeologist
* [[Kálmán Mikszáth]] writer
* [[Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy]] mathematician
* [[Gyula Szőkefalvi-Nagy]] mathematician
* [[Sándor Koch]] mineralogist
* [[Albert Szent-Györgyi]] Nobel prize winner chemist and biologist
* [[András Dugonics]] writer
* [[Ágoston Budó]] physicist
* [[Frigyes Riesz]] mathematician
* [[László Kalmár]] mathematician
* [[Lipót Fejér]] mathematician
==Gallery==
<center>
<gallery>
Image:Tisza-szeged1.jpg|Szeged bridge on Tisza.
Image:Hungary szeged dome night 5.jpg|Votive Church at night.
Image:Hungary szeged dom5.jpg|View from Votive Church Dome
Image:Megyeszékhely - Csongrád megye - Szeged.jpg|Aerial photography.
Image:Szeged 2.jpg| Unger–Mayer House (1911)
Image:Klebelsberg1.JPG|Statue of Kuno Klebelsberg.
Image:Szeged-paprika1.jpg|Capsicum fruits in Szeged
Image:Szeged17.jpg|
Image:Szeged 3.jpg|
Image:Szeged44.jpg|
</gallery>
</center>
==Twin towns==
Szeged is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with:
{|
| valign="top" |
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Darmstadt]], [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice]], [[France]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Rakhiv]], [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Parma]], [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Liège]], [[Belgium]]
* {{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Kotor]], [[Montenegro]]
* {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Târgu Mureş]], [[Romania]]
| valign="top" |
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Subotica]], [[Serbia]]
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Timişoara]], [[Romania]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], [[USA]]
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Turku]], [[Finland]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Łódź]], [[Poland]]
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Weinan]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]
* {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Pula]], [[Croatia]]
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
* [[Public transport in Szeged]]
== External links ==
{{Commons|Szeged}}
* [http://www.szegedvaros.hu Official site with webcam] {{hu icon}} {{en icon}}
* [http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/szeged/ Another site] {{en icon}}
* [http://www.szeged.hu Szeged.hu] {{hu icon}}
* [http://www.szegedinfo.de Szegedinfo.de] {{de icon}} {{hu icon}}
* [http://www.szegediszabadteri.hu Official site of the Open Air Festival]
*{{Wikitravel|Szeged}}
*[http://www.civertan.hu/legifoto/legifoto.php?page_level=682 Aerial photography: Szeged]
<br>
{{Hungarian counties}}
[[Category:County seats in Hungary|Szeged]]
[[Category:Szeged|Szeged]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Csongrád county|Szeged]]
[[bg:Сегед]]
[[ca:Szeged]]
[[cs:Segedín]]
[[de:Szeged]]
[[et:Szeged]]
[[el:Σέγκεντ]]
[[es:Szeged]]
[[eo:Szeged]]
[[fr:Szeged]]
[[gl:Szeged]]
[[hr:Segedin]]
[[id:Szeged]]
[[it:Seghedino]]
[[he:סגד]]
[[lv:Segeda]]
[[hu:Szeged]]
[[nl:Szeged]]
[[ja:セゲド]]
[[jv:Szeged]]
[[no:Szeged]]
[[nn:Szeged]]
[[pl:Szeged]]
[[pt:Szeged]]
[[ro:Seghedin]]
[[qu:Szeged]]
[[ru:Сегед]]
[[sk:Segedín]]
[[sr:Сегедин]]
[[fi:Szeged]]
[[sv:Szeged]]
[[udm:Сегед]]
[[vo:Szeged]]
[[zh:塞格德]]