Tabasaran language
1983933
225089160
2008-07-11T20:43:58Z
N-true
14495
[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 225078994 by [[Special:Contributions/161.185.1.100|161.185.1.100]] ([[User talk:161.185.1.100|talk]]) number is not quite right
{{language
|name= Tabasaran
|nativename=табасаран чIал ''tabasaran ĉ̣al''
|familycolor=Caucasian
|states=[[Russia]]
|region=Southern [[Dagestan]]
|speakers=95,905 (1993)
|fam1=[[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]]
|fam2=[[Lezgian languages|Lezgian]]
|iso2=cau|iso3=tab
}}
'''Tabasaran''' (or Tabassaran) is a member of the [[Lezgian languages|Lezgian]] subfamily of the [[Northeast Caucasian languages]]. It is spoken in the southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of [[Dagestan]]. Tabasaran speakers, [[Tabasaran people]], live in the basin of Upper [[Rubas-chai]] and Upper [[Chirakh-chai]]. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of six in the Dagestan Republic.
Tabassaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the noun in number, person and (in North Tabassaran) class. North Tabassaran has two noun classes, while Southern Tabassaran has none.
==Writing System==
Tabasaran is written with [[Cyrillic alphabet]].
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
!colspan=1 bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center" | Letter
!colspan=1 bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center" | [[IPA]]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''А а'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɑ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Аь аь'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|æ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Б б'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|b}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''В в'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|v}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Г г'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|g}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Гг гг'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɣ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Гъ гъ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʕ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Гь гь'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|h}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Д д'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|d}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Е е'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɛ}}], [{{IPA|jɛ}}]
|- style="background:red"
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ё ё'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|jo}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ж ж'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʒ}}], [{{IPA|ʤ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Жв жв'''
|valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʒʷ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''З з'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|z}}], [{{IPA|ʣ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''И и'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|i}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Й й'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|j}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''К к'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|kʰ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Кк кк'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|k:}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Къ къ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|qʰ:}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Кь кь'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|qʼ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''КӀ кӀ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|kʼ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Л л'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|l}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''М м'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|m}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Н н'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|n}}]
|- style="background:red"
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''О о'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|o}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''П п'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|pʰ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''ПП пп'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|p:}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''ПӀ пӀ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|pʼ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Р р'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|r}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''С с'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|s}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Т т'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|tʰ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Тт тт'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|t:}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''ТӀ тӀ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|tʼ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''У у'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|u}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Уь уь'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|y}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ф ф'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|f}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Х х'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɦ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Хъ хъ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|qʰ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Хь хь'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|x}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ц ц''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʦʰ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Цц цц'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʦʰ:}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''ЦӀ цӀ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʦʼ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ч ч'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʰ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Чв чв'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʰʷ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Чч чч'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʰ:}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''ЧӀ чӀ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʼ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ш ш'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʃ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Шв шв'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʃʷ}}]
|- style="background:red"
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Щ щ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɕ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ъ ъ'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʔ}}]
|- style="background:red"
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ы ы'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɨ}}]
|- style="background:red"
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ь ь'''
| valign="middle" align="center"|
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Э э'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɛ}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ю ю'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|y}}], [{{IPA|ju}}]
|-
| valign="middle" align="center"| '''Я я'''
| valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|æ}}], [{{IPA|jɑ}}]
|}
'''Remark: The letters indicated in red are only encountered in loans from Russian
==Sample==
''Uwu aldakurawu'' "Уву алдакураву" — "You are falling."
''Uzuz uwu kkunduzuz'' "Узуз уву ккундузуз" — "I love you."
''Uwu fudžuwa?'' "Уву фужува?" — "Who are you?"
''Fici wuna?'' "Фици вуна?" — "How are you?"
''Zakur ɣürza'' "Закур гъюрза" — "I'll come tomorrow"
==Bibliography==
*Chanmagomedov, B.G.-K. & K.T. Šalbuzov. 2001. Tabasaransko-russkij slovar’. Moskva: Ilim. ISBN 5-02-022620-3 [Includes outline of Tabasaran grammar (Grammatičeskij očerk tabasaranskogo jazyka) by K.K. Kurbanov (p. 395-476)]
==External links==
*[http://www.tabaristan.ru The Tabasaran site] {{Dead link|date=May 2008}}
*[http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/tabasarans.shtml Entry in the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]
*[http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/caucasica/tabasar/raghnt.htm Sample text]
*[http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/caucasus/nekklaut.htm#tabas The consonant system of Tabasaran]
*[http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/desc?id=31&type=r Description at Languages of the World]
*[http://rosettaproject.org/archive/tab/view?searchterm=Tabassaran Entry at the Rosetta Project]
[[Category:Northeast Caucasian languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Russia]]
[[Category:Dagestan]]
{{lang-stub}}
[[br:Tabasareg]]
[[ca:Tabasaran]]
[[de:Tabassaranische Sprache]]
[[fr:Tabassaran]]
[[nl:Tabasaraans]]
[[pl:Język tabasarański]]
[[pt:Língua tabassarã]]
[[ru:Табасаранский язык]]
[[fi:Tabasaranin kieli]]