Tabasaran language 1983933 225089160 2008-07-11T20:43:58Z N-true 14495 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 225078994 by [[Special:Contributions/161.185.1.100|161.185.1.100]] ([[User talk:161.185.1.100|talk]]) number is not quite right {{language |name= Tabasaran |nativename=табасаран чIал ''tabasaran ĉ̣al'' |familycolor=Caucasian |states=[[Russia]] |region=Southern [[Dagestan]] |speakers=95,905 (1993) |fam1=[[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] |fam2=[[Lezgian languages|Lezgian]] |iso2=cau|iso3=tab }} '''Tabasaran''' (or Tabassaran) is a member of the [[Lezgian languages|Lezgian]] subfamily of the [[Northeast Caucasian languages]]. It is spoken in the southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of [[Dagestan]]. Tabasaran speakers, [[Tabasaran people]], live in the basin of Upper [[Rubas-chai]] and Upper [[Chirakh-chai]]. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of six in the Dagestan Republic. Tabassaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the noun in number, person and (in North Tabassaran) class. North Tabassaran has two noun classes, while Southern Tabassaran has none. ==Writing System== Tabasaran is written with [[Cyrillic alphabet]]. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" !colspan=1 bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center" | Letter !colspan=1 bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center" | [[IPA]] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''А а''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɑ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Аь аь''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|æ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Б б''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|b}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''В в''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|v}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Г г''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|g}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Гг гг''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɣ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Гъ гъ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʕ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Гь гь''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|h}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Д д''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|d}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Е е''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɛ}}], [{{IPA|jɛ}}] |- style="background:red" | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ё ё''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|jo}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ж ж''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʒ}}], [{{IPA|ʤ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Жв жв''' |valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʒʷ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''З з''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|z}}], [{{IPA|ʣ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''И и''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|i}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Й й''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|j}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''К к''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|kʰ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Кк кк''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|k:}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Къ къ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|qʰ:}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Кь кь''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|qʼ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''КӀ кӀ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|kʼ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Л л''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|l}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''М м''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|m}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Н н''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|n}}] |- style="background:red" | valign="middle" align="center"| '''О о''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|o}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''П п''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|pʰ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''ПП пп''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|p:}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''ПӀ пӀ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|pʼ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Р р''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|r}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''С с''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|s}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Т т''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|tʰ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Тт тт''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|t:}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''ТӀ тӀ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|tʼ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''У у''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|u}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Уь уь''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|y}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ф ф''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|f}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Х х''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɦ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Хъ хъ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|qʰ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Хь хь''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|x}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ц ц'' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʦʰ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Цц цц''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʦʰ:}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''ЦӀ цӀ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʦʼ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ч ч''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʰ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Чв чв''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʰʷ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Чч чч''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʰ:}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''ЧӀ чӀ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʧʼ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ш ш''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʃ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Шв шв''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʃʷ}}] |- style="background:red" | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Щ щ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɕ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ъ ъ''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ʔ}}] |- style="background:red" | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ы ы''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɨ}}] |- style="background:red" | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ь ь''' | valign="middle" align="center"| |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Э э''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|ɛ}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Ю ю''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|y}}], [{{IPA|ju}}] |- | valign="middle" align="center"| '''Я я''' | valign="middle" align="center"| [{{IPA|æ}}], [{{IPA|jɑ}}] |} '''Remark: The letters indicated in red are only encountered in loans from Russian ==Sample== ''Uwu aldakurawu'' "Уву алдакураву" — "You are falling." ''Uzuz uwu kkunduzuz'' "Узуз уву ккундузуз" — "I love you." ''Uwu fudžuwa?'' "Уву фужува?" — "Who are you?" ''Fici wuna?'' "Фици вуна?" — "How are you?" ''Zakur ɣürza'' "Закур гъюрза" — "I'll come tomorrow" ==Bibliography== *Chanmagomedov, B.G.-K. & K.T. Šalbuzov. 2001. Tabasaransko-russkij slovar’. Moskva: Ilim. ISBN 5-02-022620-3 [Includes outline of Tabasaran grammar (Grammatičeskij očerk tabasaranskogo jazyka) by K.K. Kurbanov (p. 395-476)] ==External links== *[http://www.tabaristan.ru The Tabasaran site] {{Dead link|date=May 2008}} *[http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/tabasarans.shtml Entry in the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire] *[http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/caucasica/tabasar/raghnt.htm Sample text] *[http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/caucasus/nekklaut.htm#tabas The consonant system of Tabasaran] *[http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/desc?id=31&type=r Description at Languages of the World] *[http://rosettaproject.org/archive/tab/view?searchterm=Tabassaran Entry at the Rosetta Project] [[Category:Northeast Caucasian languages]] [[Category:Languages of Russia]] [[Category:Dagestan]] {{lang-stub}} [[br:Tabasareg]] [[ca:Tabasaran]] [[de:Tabassaranische Sprache]] [[fr:Tabassaran]] [[nl:Tabasaraans]] [[pl:Język tabasarański]] [[pt:Língua tabassarã]] [[ru:Табасаранский язык]] [[fi:Tabasaranin kieli]]