Tangier
288204
225473727
2008-07-13T21:49:40Z
71.101.136.141
/* People who settled or sojourned in Tangier */
{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox Settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
|official_name = Tangier
|other_name =
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname =
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|motto =
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map = Morocco <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Morocco
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Morocco.svg|25px]] [[Morocco]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Morocco|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Tangier-Tétouan]]
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_title4 =
|leader_name4 =
|established_title = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date =
|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2 =
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3 =
<!-- Area --------------------->
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_blank1_title =
|area_blank1_km2 =
|area_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of =2004
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 669,680
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =Ethnicities
|population_blank1 =
|population_blank2_title =Religions
|population_blank2 =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- General information --------------->
|timezone =
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd=35 |latm=46 |lats= |latNS=N
|longd=5|longm=48|longs= |longEW=W
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Tangier''' or '''Tangiers''' [<font/>[[#Notes|pronounce]]<ref>
The name ''Tangier'' is pronounced, in
the English manner, as "Tan-jeer" or in the French manner,
as "Tahn-zjeer" depending on regional accent.
</ref>]
('''''Tanja''''' '''طنجة''' in [[Berber languages|Berber]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]], '''''Tánger''''' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], '''''Tânger''''' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and '''''Tanger''''' in [[French language|French]]) is a city of northern [[Morocco]] with a population of 669,680 (2004 census). It lies on the [[North Africa]]n coast at the western entrance to the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] where the [[Mediterranean]] meets the [[Atlantic]] Ocean off [[Cape Spartel]]. It is the capital of the [[Tangier-Tétouan]] Region.
The city is undergoing rapid development and modernization. Projects include new 5 star hotels along the bay, a modern business district called [[Tangier City Center]], a new airport terminal, and a new soccer stadium. Tangier's economy will also benefit greatly from the new [[Tanger-med]] port.
[[Image:Tangier 5184a.jpg|thumb|right|258px|A view of Tangier Bay at sunset as seen from the Moevenpick Hotel & Casino Malabata.]]
==History==
The modern Tanjah ([[Anglicised]] as Tangier) is an ancient [[Phoenicia]]n town, founded by [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] colonists in the early 5th century BC. Its name is possibly derived from the [[Berber pantheon|Berber goddess]] [[Tinjis]] (or Tinga), and it remains an important city for the [[Berber people|Berbers]]. Ancient coins call it '''Tenga, Tinga''', and '''Titga''', Greek and Latin authors giving numerous variations of the name. According to [[Berber mythology]], the town was built by [[Sufax]], son of Tinjis, the wife of the Berber hero [[Antaios]]. The Greeks ascribed its foundation to the giant [[Antaeus]], whose tomb and skeleton are pointed out in the vicinity, calling Sufax the son of [[Hercules]] by the widow of Antaeus. The cave of Hercules, a few miles from the city, is a major tourist attraction. It is believed that Hercules slept there before attempting one of his [[Labours of Hercules|twelve labours]].
The commercial town of '''''Tingis''''' came under [[Roman Empire|Roman rule]] in the course of the 1st century BC, first as a free city and then, under Augustus, a colony (''Colonia Julia'', under Claudius), capital of [[Mauritania Tingitana]] of [[Hispania]]. It was the scene of the martyrdoms of Saint [[Marcellus of Tangier]].<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Tingis}}</ref> In the 5th century AD, [[Vandals]] conquered and occupied "Tingi" and from here swept across North Africa. A century later (between 534 and 682), Tangier became part of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine empire]], before coming under [[Arab]] control in 702. Due to its Christian past it is still a [[titular see]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Tingis}}</ref>
When the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] started their expansion in [[Morocco]], by taking [[Ceuta]] in [[1415]], Tangiers was always a primary goal. They failed the city conquest in [[1437]] but finnaly they occupied the city in [[1471]].
The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] rule lasted until [[1661]], when it was given to [[Charles II of England]] as part of the dowry from the Portuguese Infanta [[Catherine of Braganza]]. The English gave the city a [[Tangier Garrison|garrison]] and a charter which made it equal to English towns. The English planned to improve the harbour by building a mole. With an improved harbour the town would have played the same role that [[Gibraltar]] later played in British naval strategy. The mole cost £340,000 and reached 1436 feet long, before being blown up during the evacuation<ref>E.M.G. Routh - Tangier: England's lost Atlantic outpost 1912</ref>.
[[Image:TangerAvenue.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Tangier - Avenue Mohammed VI]]
In 1679, Sultan [[Ismail Ibn Sharif|Moulay Ismail]] of Morocco made an unsuccessful attempt to seize the town but imposed a crippling blockade which ultimately forced the English to withdraw. The English destroyed the town and its port facilities prior to their departure in 1684. Under [[Ismail Ibn Sharif|Moulay Ismail]] the city was reconstructed to some extent, but it gradually declined until, by 1810, the population was no more than 5,000.
[[Image:American-legation-tangier-2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[American Legation, Tangier|American Legation]] courtyard]]
The United States dedicated its first consulate in Tangier during the Washington administration.<ref>[http://www.wweek.com/editorial/3314/8560/ ''Power, Faith, and Fantasy: In the beginning, for America, was the Middle East''], Matt Buckingham, Wweek, February 14, 2007.</ref> In 1821, [[Tangier American Legation Museum|the Legation Building]] in Tangier became the first piece of property acquired abroad by the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]]--a gift to the U.S. from Sultan Moulay Suliman. It was bombarded by the French [[Prince de Joinville]] in 1844.
Tangier's geographic location made it a centre for [[Europe]]an diplomatic and commercial rivalry in Morocco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. By the opening of the 20th century it had a population of about 40,000, including 20,000 Muslims (with Berbers predominating over Arabs), 10,000 Jews, and 9,000 Europeans (of whom 7,500 were Spanish). The city was increasingly coming under French influence, and it was here in 1905 that Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Wilhelm II]] triggered [[Tangier Crisis|an international crisis]] that almost led to war between his country and France by pronouncing himself in favour of Morocco's continued independence.
In 1912, Morocco was effectively partitioned between [[France]] and [[Spain]], the latter occupying the country's far north (called [[Spanish Morocco]]) and a part of [[Rio de Oro|Moroccan territory in the south]], while France declared a protectorate over the remainder. The last Sultan of independent Morocco, [[Abdelhafid of Morocco|Moulay Hafid]], was exiled to the [[Dar el Makzhen (Tangier)|Sultanate Palace]] in the Tangier Kasbah after his forced abdication in favour of his brother [[Yusef of Morocco|Moulay Yusef]]. Tangier was made an [[City-state#Tangier|international zone]] in 1923 under the joint administration of France, Spain, and [[United Kingdom|Britain]], joined by [[Italy]] in 1928 <ref>. After a period of effective [[Spain|Spanish]] control from 1940 to 1945 during [[World War II]], Tangier was reunited with the rest of [[Morocco]] following the restoration of full sovereignty in 1956.
===Ecclesiastical history===
Tangier was a Roman Catholic [[titular see]] of former [[Mauretania Tingitana]]. Originally the city was part of the larger province of Mauretania Caesarea, which included much of Northern Africa. Later the area was subdivided, with the eastern part keeping the former name and the newer part receiving the name of Mauretania Tingitana. (Thus one official list of the Roman Curia places it in Mauretania Caesarea).
Towards the end of the third century, Tangier was the scene of the martyrdom of [[St. Marcellus]], mentioned in the Roman Martyrology on [[30 October]], and of [[St. Cassian]], mentioned on [[3 December]]. It is not known whether it was a diocese in ancient times.
Under the Portuguese domination, it was a [[suffragan]] of Lisbon and, in 1570, was united to the [[diocese of Ceuta]]. Six of its bishops are known, the first, who did not reside in his see, in 1468. In the protectorate era of Morocco Tangier was the residence of the [[prefect Apostolic]] of Morocco, which mission was in charge of the [[Friars Minor]]. It had a Catholic church, several chapels, schools, and a hospital.
Tangier is a host of the [[Church of Saint Andrew, Tangier|Anglican church of Saint Andrew]].
===Espionage history===
Tangier has been reputed as a [[safe house]] for international [[spying]] activities. Its position during the [[Cold War]] and other spying periods of the 19th and 20th century is legendary. Tangier acquired the reputation of a spying and smuggling centre and attracted foreign capital due to political neutrality and commercial liberty at that time.
More recently, Tangier has been affiliated with an International Investigations firm, Tangiers International, who claim to be the largest Investigations firm in the world.
The city has also been a subject for many [[spy fiction]] books and films. (See [[Tangier#Tangier in popular culture|Tangier in popular culture]] below).
==Culture==
[[Image:L C Tiffany Market Day.jpg|thumb|250px|A painting by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]] depicting a market outside of the walls of Tangier.]]
The multicultural placement of [[Muslim]], [[Christian]], and [[Jewish]] communities and the foreign immigrants attracted writers like [[Paul Bowles]], [[William S. Burroughs]], [[Jack Kerouac]], [[Tennessee Williams]], [[Brion Gysin]] and the music group the [[Rolling Stones]], who all lived in or visited Tangier.
It was after [[Delacroix]] that Tangier became an obligatory stop for artists seeking to experience the colors and light he spoke of for themselves - with varying results. [[Matisse]] made several sojourns in Tangier, always staying at the Hotel Villa de France. "I have found landscapes in Morocco," he claimed, "exactly as they are described in Delacroix's paintings." The Californian artist [[Richard Diebenkorn]] was directly influenced by the haunting colors and rhythmic patterns of Matisse’s Morocco paintings.
In the 1940s and until 1956 when the city was an [[International Zone]], the city served as a playground for eccentric millionaires, a meeting place for [[secret agents]] and all kinds of crooks, and a mecca for speculators and gamblers, an Eldorado for the fun-loving "Haute Volée". During [[World War II]] the [[Office of Strategic Services]] operated out of Tangier for various operations in North Africa.<ref>http://www.legation.org/public_html/relate.htm</ref>
Around the same time, a circle of writers emerged which was to have a profound and lasting literary influence. This included [[Paul Bowles]], [[Tennessee Williams]] and [[Jean Genet]] as well as [[Mohamed Choukri]] (one of [[North Africa]]'s most controversial and widely read authors), [[Abdeslam Boulaich]], [[Larbi Layachi]], [[Mohammed Mrabet]] and [[Ahmed Yacoubi]]. Among the best known works from this period is Choukri's ''For Bread Alone''. Originally written in Classical Arabic, the English edition was the result of close collaboration with Bowles (who worked with Choukri to provide the translation and supplied the introduction). [[Tennessee Williams]] described it as 'a true document of human desperation, shattering in its impact.' Independently, [[William S. Burroughs]]' ''[[Naked Lunch]]'' was written in Tangier and the book's locale of [[Interzone (book)|Interzone]] is an allusion to the city.
After several years' gradual disentanglement from Spanish and French colonial control, Morocco reintegrated the city of Tangier at the signing of the [[Tangier Protocol]] on [[October 29]], [[1956]].
==Economy==
[[Image:Tangiermorocconasa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A satellite image of Tangier]]
Tangier is Morocco's second most important industrial center after [[Casablanca]]. The industrial sectors are diversified: [[textile]], [[chemical]], [[wikt:mechanical|mechanical]], [[metallurgical]] and [[naval]]. Currently, the city has four [[industrial park]]s of which two have the status of [[free economic zone]] (see [[Tangier Free Zone]]).
Tangier's economy relies heavily on [[tourism]]. [[Seaside resort]]s have been increasing with projects funded by [[foreign investment]]s. [[Real estate]] and [[construction]] companies have been investing heavily in tourist infrastructures. A bay delimiting the city center extends for more than seven kilometers. The years 2007 and 2008 will be particularly important for the city because of the completion of large construction projects currently being built. These include the Tangier-Mediterranean port ("[[Tanger-med]]") and its industrial parks, a 45,000-seat sports stadium, an expanded business district, and a renovated tourist infrastructure.
[[Agriculture]] in the area of Tangier is tertiary and mainly cereal.
The infrastructure of this city of the [[strait of Gibraltar]] consists of a [[port]] that manages flows of goods and travellers (more than one million travelers per annum) and integrates a [[marina]] with a [[fishing]] port.
[[Artisanal]] trade in the old [[medina]] (old city) specializes mainly in [[leather working]], handicrafts made from wood and silver, traditional clothing, and shoes of Moroccan origin.
The city has seen a fast pace of [[rural exodus]] from other small cities and villages. The population has quadrupled during the last 25 years (1 million inhabitants in 2007 vs. 250,000 in 1982). This phenomenon has resulted in the appearance of peripheral suburban districts, mainly inhabited by poor people, that often lack sufficient infrastructure.
The city's [[postcode]] is 90 000.
==New Developments==
New developments include a new terminal at the airport, a soccer stadium seating 45,000 spectators,
a high-speed train, and a business district called [[Tangier City Center]].
==Transport==
A [[railroad]] line connects the city with [[Rabat]], [[Casablanca]] and [[Marrakech]] in the south and [[Fès]] and [[Oujda]] in the east. The service is operated by [[ONCF]]. The [[Rabat-Tanger expressway]] connects Tangier to Fès via Rabat (250 km) and [[Settat]] via Casablanca (330 km). Another expressway will connect the city with [[Tanger-med]]. The [[Ibn Batouta International Airport]] (also known as Tangier-Boukhalef) is located 15 km south-west of the city center.
The new Tanger-med port is managed by the Danish firm [[A.P. Moller Maersk Group]] and will free up the old port for tourist and recreational development.
Tangier's Ibn Batouta International Airport and the rail tunnel will serve as the gateway to the "Moroccan Riviera" the coast between Tangier and Oujda. Traditionally the north coast was an impoverished and underdeveloped region of Morocco but it has some of the best beaches on the Mediterranean and is about to see rapid development.
The airport is being expanded and will become larger with more flights.
Easyjet flies to Tangier from Madrid, and will soon fly via London.
In addition, a TGV high-speed train system is being built. It will take a few
years to complete, but will become the fastest train system in North Africa.
==Education==
Tangier offers five different types of educational systems: Arabic, American, French, Spanish and English. Each of these systems offer classes starting from Pre-Kindergarten up to the 12th grade, [[Baccalaureat]], or [[High school diploma]].
===Primary Education===
There are more than a hundred Moroccan [[primary school]]s, each dispersed randomly in the city.
===International Primary Institutions===
* [[The American School of Tangier]]
* Ecole Adrien Berchet
* Colegio Ramon y Cajal (Spanish primary school)
* English College of Tangier
* [[Tangier Anglo Moroccan School]]
===International High Schools===
* [[The American School of Tangier]]
* Lycée Regnault (French High School)
* Instituto Severo Ochoa (Spanish High School)
* English College of Tangier
* Mohammed Fatih Turkish School of Tangier
* [[Tangier Anglo Moroccan School]]
Many universities are located both inside and outside the city. Universities like the "Institut Superieur Internationale de Tourisme" (ISIT), which is a school that offers diplomas in various departments, offer courses ranging from [[business administration]] to [[hotel]] [[management]]. The institute is among one of the most prestigious [[tourism]] schools in the country. Other colleges such as the "Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion" ([http://www.encgt.ma ENCG-T]) is among the biggest [[business school]]s in the country as well as "Ecole Nationale des Sciences appliquées" ([http://www.ensat.ac.ma ENSA-T]), a rising [[engineering school]] for applied sciences.
==Tangier in popular culture==
Tangier was the subject of many artistic works, including novels, films and music.
===Literature===
* ''Silent Day in Tangiers'' by [[Tahar Ben Jelloun]].
* ''[[Naked Lunch]]'' by [[William S. Burroughs]] - relates some of the author's experiences in Tangier. (See also [[Naked Lunch (film)]])
* ''America'' by [[Allen Ginsberg]]
* ''[[Desolation Angels (novel)|Desolation Angels]]'' by [[Jack Kerouac]] relates him living with William Burroughs and other Beat writers in Tangier.
* ''[[Interzone (book)|Interzone]]'' by Burroughs - It talks about a fictionalized version of Tangier called ''Interzone''.
* ''[[Let It Come Down (novel)|Let It Come Down]]'' is Paul Bowles's second novel, first published in 1952
* ''The Loom of Youth'' by [[Alec Waugh]] - a controversial semi-[[autobiography|autobiographical]] novel relating homosexual experiences of the author in the city of Tangier.
* ''Two Tickets to Tangier'' by [[F. Van Wyck Mason|Francis Van Wyck Mason]], an American novelist and historian
* ''[[Modesty Blaise]]''; a fictional character in a [[comic strip]] of the same name and a series of books created by [[Peter O'Donnell]] - In 1945 a nameless girl escaped from a displaced person (DP) camp in Karylos, [[Greece]]. She took control of a criminal gang in Tangier and expanded it to international status as "The Network". After dissolving The Network and moving to England she maintained a house on a hillside above Tangier and many scenes in the books and comic strips are located here.
* ''Carpenter's World Travels: From Tangier to Tripoli'' - a [[Frank G. Carpenter]] travel guide (1927)
* ''[[The Thief's Journal]]'' by [[Jean Genet]] - Includes the protagonist's experiments in negative morality in Tangier (1949)
* ''[[The Alchemist (novel)|The Alchemist]]'' by [[Paulo Coelho]]
* '' The Crossroads of the Medterranean'' by Henrik de Leeuw- chronicles the author's journey through Morocco and Tunisia in the early 1950s and includes many pages describing Tangier, notably the Petit Socco as a food market with mountain dwellers (the ''jebli'') selling their produce and 'the street of male harlots', where they ply 'their shameful trade'.
* ''[[The Gold Bug Variations]]'' by [[Richard Powers]]
* ''[[The Innocents Abroad]]'' by [[Mark Twain]] includes a mixed bag of comments on his visit to Tangier, ending with: "I would seriously recommend to the Government of the United States that when a man commits a crime so heinous that the law provides no adequate punishment for it, they make him Consul-General to Tangier."
===Magazines===
* [[Antaeus (magazine)]] was first published in Tangier by Daniel Halpern and Paul Bowles before being shifted to [[New York]]
* ''Tangier Gazette'' was founded by William Augustus Bird (aka [[Bill Bird]]) in Tangier
===Films===
* ''[[The Living Daylights]]'' - a [[James Bond]] movie where he hunts [[Brad Whitaker]] down at his Tangier headquarters
* ''[[From Russia with Love (film)|From Russia with Love]]'' - the fictional character in "James Bond", [[Red Grant]] was recruited by "SPECTRE" in Tangier in 1962, whilst on the run from the law
* ''Tangier Incident'' - an American agent posing as a black market operator, is in Tangier on a mission to stop the plans of three atomic scientists who are there to pool their secrets and sell them in a package to the Communists.
* ''Man from Tangie''r (a.k.a. ''Thunder Over Tangier'') - 1957
* ''Tangiers, 1908'' was one of the unaired [[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles|Young Indiana Jones Chronicles episodes]]
* ''Flight to Tangier'' (Charles Marquis Warren) - 1953
* ''Tangier'' an episode of the television series ''Passport to Danger'' starring [[Cesar Romero]] - 1955
* ''The Nautch of Tangier'' (aka ''The Witchmaker'') - 1969
* ''Tangier'' featuring [[María Montez]], [[Robert Paige]], and [[Sabu Dastagir]] - 1946
* ''Espionage in Tangiers''. A [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] of a secret agent out to snag a dangerous molecular ray-gun - 1966
* ''That Man from Tangier'' (in Spanish ''Aquel Hombre de Tanger'') featuring [[Sara Montiel]]
* ''[[The Bourne Ultimatum (film)|The Bourne Ultimatum]]'', an espionage movie featuring [[Matt Damon]] - Jason Bourne tracks an individual to the city and subsequently chases him through a residential district to protect his partner. - 2007
* ''[[The Wind and the Lion]]'' - Based on the [[Perdicaris incident]] of 1904, this film, starring [[Sean Connery]], [[Candice Bergen]], and [[Brian Keith]], takes place largely in Tangier. The film's Tangier, however, was actually created in the Spanish cities of [[Seville]] and [[Almeria]].
* ''Prick up your ears'' ''Joe Orton'' (Gary Oldman) and Kenneth Halliwell (Alfred Molina) Visit Tangier, the scene represents the 88 day holliday that Joe Orton took after the failure of his play 'loot'.
===Music===
* [[Tangiers (band)]] - a Canadian [[Rock music]] band.
* ''If You See Her, Say Hello'' by [[Bob Dylan]] - ''If you see her say hello, she might be in Tangier''.
* ''Sartori in Tangier'' by [[King Crimson]] - derives its title from [[beat generation]] influences including the [[Jack Kerouac]] novel ''[[Satori in Paris]]'', and the city of Tangier, where a number of beat writers resided and which they often used as a setting for their writing.
* ''Waiting in Tangier'' - a track in the album [[Woman to Woman (album)|Woman to Woman]] of [[Fem2fem]] band.
* ''Tangier'' by the Scottish musician [[Donovan|Donovan Phillips Leitch]] on his album ''[[The Hurdy Gurdy Man (album)|The Hurdy Gurdy Man]]''.
* ''Live At Tangiers'' - a [[solo (music)|solo]] by [[Michael Stanley]]
* ''Tangiers'' - an instrumental piece by [[John Powell]] featured in ''[[The Bourne Ultimatum (film)|The Bourne Ultimatum]]''
* ''My Tangier'' - Dave Crockett (circa 1980's)
* ''Intrigue in Tangiers'' - a track from the album [[What Does Anything Mean? Basically]] by [[The Chameleons]].
* ''Idaho'' by [[Josh Ritter]] - "I got your letter in Tangier".
* ''Walou'' by [[Outlandish]]
===Paintings===
* ''Window at Tangier'' by the French artist [[Henri Matisse]] (1912 - The [[Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Moscow]]).
* ''Virtual Tangier: Visions of the City'' by [[Matisse]] (c. 1911-1916)
* ''Harvest of a journey to Spain and Tangiers, The Great Mosque, and Serpent Charmers of Sokko'' - a painting by [[Emile Wauters]]
* ''Market Day Outside the Walls of Tangiers'' by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]] (1873 - [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]])
* ''HMS Mary Rose and pirates'' by [[Willem van de Velde]] (a painting ascribed to Willem van de Velde, taken from the book: William Laird Clowes (ed.): The Royal Navy. A History From the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol. 2, London 1898)
==People born in Tangier==
* [[Ibn Battuta]] - an Arab [[explorer]]
* [[Shlomo Ben-Ami]] - an Israeli politician
* [[Ralph Benmergui]] - a Canadian TV and radio host at the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]
* [[Alexandre Rey Colaço]] - A Portuguese [[Piano|pianist]]
* [[Roger Elliott]] - the first British [[Governor of Gibraltar]]
* [[Sanaa Hamri]] - a Moroccan music video director
* [[Emmanuel Hocquard]] - a French [[poet]]
* [[Alexander Spotswood]] - an American [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] and Lieutenant [[List of Governors of Virginia|Governor of Virginia]]
* [[Heinz Tietjen]] - a German music composer
* [[Ángel Vázquez]] - a writer in Spanish.
* [[Abderrahmane Youssoufi]] - a former [[socialist]] [[prime minister]] of Morocco
* Angelina Lamberth (Vela Torrisco) - settled in U.S., First Female Deputy Sheriff, Sarasota FL
==People who settled or sojourned in Tangier==
* [[Lancelot Addison]] - an English [[chaplain]] and the author of ''West Barbary, or a Short Narrative of the Revolutions of the Kingdoms of Fex and Morocco'' (1671).
* [[José Luis Alcaine]] - a Spanish born [[cinematographer]]
* [[Bill Bird]] - an American journalist and the founder of ''Tangier Gazette''
* [[Paul Bowles]] - an American [[writer]] and [[composer]]. Died in Tangier.
* [[Joseph McPhillips III]] - an American Headmaster [[The American School of Tangier]] and [[Theater Director]]. Died in Tangier.
* [[Jane Bowles]] - an American [[writer]]. Wife of Paul Bowles.
* [[William S. Burroughs]] - an American [[novelist]], [[essayist]], [[social critic]], [[painter]] and [[spoken word]] performer
* [[Truman Capote]] - an American novelist and writer.
* [[João de Castro]] - a Portuguese naval officer and fourth [[viceroy]] of the Portuguese Indies.
* [[Ira Cohen]] - an American poet, publisher, photographer and filmmaker; he published the magazine ''Gnaoua'' in Tangier
* [[Eugène Delacroix]] - a French [[Romanticism|Romantic]] painter
* [[Jim Ede]] - a notable British [[art collector]]
* [[Malcolm Forbes]] - The publisher of [[Forbes magazine]]
* [[Allen Ginsberg]] and [[Jack Kerouac]] visited Burroughs, their fellow [[Beat generation|Beat]] in Tangier.
* [[Sean Gullette]] - American [[actor]] and [[writer]]
* [[Brion Gysin]] - an American [[writer]] and [[painter]]
* [[Mohamed Hamri]] The Moroccan painter described as being the 'Picasso of Morocco'<ref>The Guardian, 28 April, 2008</ref>
* [[Friedrich von Holstein]] - a German statesman
* [[Barbara Hutton]] - a wealthy American [[socialite]] dubbed by the media as the "Poor Little Rich Girl" because of her troubled life.
* [[Bernard-Henri Lévy]] - a wealthy French journalist and right-wing intellectual.
* [[Gavin Lambert]] - a British novelist and friend of Paul Bowles
* [[Henri Matisse]] - a notable French painter
* [[Mohamed Mrabet]] - a Moroccan [[storyteller]]
* [[Joe Orton]] - British playwright
* [[Ion Perdicaris]] - a [[U.S.]]-[[Greece|Greek]] playboy who was the centre of the infamous '''Perdicaris incident''', a [[kidnapping]] that aroused international conflict in 1904.
* [[George John Pinwell]] - a British [[painter]]
* [[Reichmann family]] (including Edward below) - a rich immigrant Jewish family from [[Austro-Hungary]]
* [[Edward Reichmann]] - an [[Austro-Hungarian]] businessman
* [[David Roberts (painter)|David Roberts]] - a Scottish painter
* [[Yves Saint-Laurent (designer)]] - a French fashion designer.
* [[J. Slauerhoff]] - a Dutch poet and novelist
* [[Kenneth Williams]] - British humourist
*
==People who died in Tangier==
* [[Ibn Battuta]] - 14th century traveller and diarist - was born in Tangier in 1304 and is said to have been buried there in 1368.
* [[Mohamed Choukri]] - a Moroccan [[novelist]]. (Died in [[Rabat]], buried in the Marshan, [[Tangier]])
* [[George Elliott (surgeon)|George Elliott]] - probably the illegitimate son of [[Richard Eliot]]. He was the "Chirurgeon to the Earl of Teviot's Regiment at Tangier"
* ''George Fleetwood'' - One of the [[List of regicides of Charles I|regicides of Charles I]]. Brought to trial and sentenced to imprisonment in the [[Tower of London]]. He may have been transported to Tangier.
* [[Paul Lukas]] - a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] actor.
* [[John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton]] - a commander-in-chief of the troops in Scotland under the reign of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]].
* [[Paul Bowles]] - American novelist and musician.
==Trivia==
{{trivia|date=September 2007}}
* One of the [[Lathyrus|Lathyrus tingitanus]] plants is called ''Tangier Pea''.
* As a great collector of [[toy soldiers]], the American billionaire and publisher of ''[[Forbes magazine]]'' [[Malcolm Forbes]] brought together a total of 115,000 models in what was the [[Forbes Museum of Tangier]]. These figures re-enacted the major battles of history; from [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] to [[Battle of Dien Bien Phu|Dien Bien Phû]], realistically recreated with lighting and [[sound effects]]. Entire armies stand on guard in the showcases, while in the garden, 600 statuettes bear silent homage to the [[Battle of Three Kings]]. The museum was closed after the death of Malcolm Forbes and is now used by the Moroccan government as a private residence for visiting dignitaries.
* One of the inherited disorders of [[bloodstream]] is called the [[Tangier disease]], albeit named for [[Tangier Island]], which was named for Tangier.
* The name [[tangerine]] comes from Tangier from which the first tangerines were shipped to Europe. The adjective tangerine, from Tangier, was already an English word (first recorded in 1710).
* The poem called "Herb's Herbs" of unknown origin describes a [[capitonym]]:
:: ''A herb store owner, name of Herb, Moved to a rainier Mount Rainier.''
:: ''It would have been so nice in Nice, And even tangier in Tangier.''
==Events==
* [[Tanjazz]] - An annual international [[Jazz]] festival.
* [[Festival National du Film]] - An annual Moroccan film festival (8th edition in 2006).
* [[Le Festival International de Théâtre Amateur]] - An international amateur theater festival.
==Landmarks==
* [[American Legation, Tangier|American Legation]]
* [[Church of Saint Andrew, Tangier|Church of Saint Andrew]]
* Dar El oued Makhazen, the old sultan's palace in the kasbah, now houses the kasbah museum.
==Town twinning==
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], [[Portugal]] (since 1954)
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]]
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Liège]], [[Belgium]] (since 2006)
==See also==
*[[List of Colonial Heads of Tangier]]
*[[Mauretania Tingitana]]
*[[List of cities in Morocco]]
*[[History of Morocco]]
==External links==
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2008/apr/22/tangier.culturaltrips Tangier Guardian Feature by Stephen Emms]
*[http://www.legation.org History of Tangier and The American legation in Tangier]
*[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Tangier.html Jewish history in Tangier]
*[http://mytangier.new.fr/ See photos of Tangier]
*[http://www.fantasticmorocco.com Fantastic Morocco] Practical travel guide to Tangier.
{{coor title dm|35|46|N|5|48|W|type:city}}
<!-- Template removed per [[Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion/Log/2008_April_22#Template:AL_LargestCities]] -->
{{Portuguese overseas empire}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Morocco]]
[[Category:Settlements established in the 5th century BC]]
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Tangier| ]]
[[Category:Beat Generation]]
[[Category:Port cities in Morocco]]
[[Category:Phoenician colonies]]
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of Morocco]]
[[Category:Tangier-Tétouan Region]]
[[ar:طنجة]]
[[an:Táncher]]
[[bg:Танжер]]
[[ca:Tànger]]
[[cs:Tanger]]
[[da:Tanger]]
[[de:Tanger]]
[[el:Ταγγέρη]]
[[es:Tánger]]
[[eo:Tanĝero]]
[[fa:طنجه]]
[[fr:Tanger]]
[[hr:Tanger]]
[[id:Tangier]]
[[it:Tangeri]]
[[he:טנג'יר]]
[[la:Tingis]]
[[lt:Tanžeras]]
[[mk:Тангер]]
[[nl:Tanger]]
[[ja:タンジェ]]
[[no:Tanger]]
[[nn:Tanger]]
[[pl:Tanger]]
[[pt:Tânger]]
[[ro:Tanger]]
[[ru:Танжер]]
[[fi:Tanger]]
[[sv:Tanger]]
[[uk:Танжер]]
[[zh:丹吉尔]]