Texas Instruments
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2008-07-15T16:19:09Z
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{{Infobox_Company
| company_name = Texas Instruments
| company_logo = [[Image:Texas Instruments Logo.svg|280px]]
| company_type = [[Public company|Public]] ({{nyse|TXN}})
| company_slogan = ''Your Passion. Our Technology. Student Success.''
| foundation = 1930 (as GSI), 1951 (as TI)<ref>{{cite web
| title=INVESTOR FAQs
| publisher=Texas Instruments
| url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/faqs.shtml#c1
| accessdate=2007-01-29}} </ref>
| location_city = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], [[Texas]]
| location_country = USA
| key_people = [[Rich Templeton]], President & CEO<br>[[Kevin March]], CFO<br>[[Brian Bonner (TI)|Brian Bonner]], CIO
| industry = [[Semiconductors]], [[Electronics]]
| products = [[Integrated Circuit]]s, [[Digital Signal Processor]]s, [[DLP|Digital Light Processors (DLP)]], [[RFID]], [[Calculator]]s
| revenue = {{gain}} $13.83 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2007)<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Texas Instruments|date = [[22 January]] [[2008]] | title = TI Reports Financial Results for 4Q07 and 2007 | url=http://focus.ti.com/pr/docs/preldetail.tsp?sectionId=594&prelId=4q07}}</ref>|
net_income = {{gain}} $2.66 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2007)|
| num_employees = {{gain}} 30,300 (2008) <!-- May 2008 --><ref>{{cite web | title=Texas Instruments Fact Sheet | publisher=Texas Instruments | url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/factsheet.shtml | accessdate=2008-05-19}} </ref>
| homepage = [http://www.ti.com/ www.ti.com]
}}
'''Texas Instruments''' ({{nyse|TXN}}), better known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as '''TI''', is an [[United States|American]] company based in [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], [[Texas]], [[United States|USA]], renowned for developing and commercializing [[semiconductor]] and [[computer]] technology. TI is the No. 3 manufacturer of semiconductors worldwide after [[Intel]] and [[Samsung]], and is the top supplier of chips for [[mobile phone|cellular handsets]], as well as the No. 1 producer of [[digital signal processor]]s (DSPs) and analog semiconductors {{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Other focus areas include chips for [[broadband]] [[modem]]s, [[peripheral|PC peripherals]], digital consumer devices, [[telecommunication]] infrastructure, and [[radio frequency identification]] (RFID). [[As of 2006]], the company was listed at number 167 on the [[Fortune 500]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Texas Instruments ranks No. 167 on the 2006 FORTUNE 500 |date=April 18, 2006|publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/04/18/news/companies/texasinstruments_f500_fortune/index.htm?source=yahoo_quote }}</ref>
==History==
[[Image:TI CIMG0394.JPG|thumb|right|250px|A sign indicating a Texas Instruments facility in [[Stafford, Texas]].]]
Texas Instruments was founded by [[Cecil H. Green]], [[J. Erik Jonsson]], [[Eugene McDermott]], and [[Patrick E. Haggerty]]. On [[December 6]], [[1941]], they purchased [[Geophysical Service Incorporated]] (GSI), a pioneering provider of [[reflection seismology|seismic exploration]] services to the [[petroleum]] industry. During [[World War II]], GSI built [[electronics]] for the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] [[United States Army Signal Corps|Signal Corps]] and the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]. After the war, GSI continued to produce electronics, and in 1951 the company changed its name to Texas Instruments; GSI became a wholly owned subsidiary of the new company. An early success story for TI-GSI came in the 1950s when GSI was able (under a [[security clearance|Top Secret]] government contract) to monitor the [[Soviet Union]]'s underground [[nuclear weapon]]s [[nuclear testing|testing]] from outcrop [[bedrock]] found in [[Oklahoma]].
In 1954, Texas Instruments designed and manufactured the first [[transistor radio]].
Employee Jack Kilby invented the [[integrated circuit]] in 1958.
The [[7400 series]] of [[transistor-transistor logic]] (TTL) chips, developed by Texas Instruments in the 1960s, popularized the use of integrated circuits in computer logic. Texas Instruments invented the hand-held [[calculator]] in 1967, the single-chip [[microcomputer]] in 1971 and was assigned the first patent on a single-chip [[microprocessor]] (invented by [[Gary Boone]]) in 1973.
Texas Instruments also continued to manufacture equipment for use in the seismic industry, and GSI continued to provide seismic services. After selling (and repurchasing) GSI, TI finally sold the company to [[Halliburton]] in 1988, at which point GSI ceased to exist as a separate entity.
TI had two interesting problems with engineering and product development after the introduction of the semiconductor and the microprocessor.
Firstly, most of the chemicals, machinery and technologies needed to create semiconductors did not exist so TI had to "invent" them.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
Secondly, the market was small for TI electronic components in the early days so TI had to "invent" uses to create the markets. For example, TI created the first wall mounted, computer controlled, home set-back thermostat in the late '70s but nobody would buy it mostly because of its cost. TI started an Industrial Controls division which built automated process control computers used in the paint and soup industry and was very successful. This business was eventually sold to [[Siemens AG]] in 1991. TI turned to military and government uses and had many electro-mechanical devices used in the [[Project Apollo|Apollo]] rocket and [[Apollo Lunar Module|moon lander]].
===Consumer electronics and computers===
TI continued to be active in the consumer electronics market through the 1970s and 1980s. In 1978, Texas Instruments introduced the first single chip speech synthesizer and incorporated it in a product called the [[Speak & Spell (game)|Speak & Spell]], which was later immortalized in the movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''. Several spinoffs, such as the Speak & Read and Speak & Math, were introduced soon thereafter.
In June 1981, TI entered the [[home computer]] market with the [[TI99/4A|TI99/4]], a competitor to such entries as the [[Apple II]], [[Tandy Corporation|Tandy]]/[[RadioShack]] [[TRS-80]] and the later [[Atari]] [[Atari 400|400]]/[[Atari 800|800]] series, [[Commodore International|Commodore]] [[VIC-20]] and [[Commodore 64]]. It discontinued the [[TI-99/4A]] (1981), the sequel to the 99/4, in late 1983 amidst an intense [[Video game crash of 1983#A Savage Price War|price war]] versus Commodore, [[Atari]], and others. At the 1983 Winter CES TI showed models 99/2 and the [[Texas Instruments Compact Computer 40|Compact Computer 40 (CC-40)]], the latter aimed at professional users. The [[TI Professional]] (1983) ultimately joined the ranks of the many unsuccessful [[DOS]] and [[x86]]-based—but [[PC compatible#Compatibility issues|non-compatible]]—competitors to the [[IBM PC]]. It was a watershed system in one way - it introduced the [[VGA]] to mainstream computing. {{dubious}} (Ironically, the founders of [[Compaq]] all came from TI.) The company for years successfully made and sold [[PC compatible|PC-compatible]] [[laptops]] before withdrawing from the market and selling its product line to [[Acer (company)|Acer]] in 1997.
===Defense electronics===
TI was also active in the [[defense (military)|defense]] [[electronics]] market in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, designing and manufacturing airborne [[radars]] and [[electro-optical sensor]] systems, [[missiles]], and laser-guided bombs. As the defense industry consolidated, TI sold its defense business to [[Raytheon]] in 1997 (now known as [[Raytheon-TI]]).
===Sensors and controls===
Texas Instruments was a major [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]] of [[sensor]], control, protection, and [[RFID]] products for the automotive, appliance, aircraft, and other industries. The S&C division was headquartered in Attleboro, Massachusetts.
TI announced on Monday, [[January 9]], [[2006]] that [[Bain Capital LLC]], a private equity firm, would purchase the Sensors & Controls division for $3.0 billion in cash.<ref>
{{cite press release
| publisher = Texas Instruments
| date = [[January 9]], [[2006]]
| title = Bain Capital to Purchase Sensors & Controls Business of Texas Instruments for $3 Billion
| url = http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/press/company/2006/c06001.shtml
}}</ref> The RFID portion of the division remained part of TI, transferring to the Application Specific Products business unit of the Semiconductor division. The sale was completed in the first half of 2006, with the newly formed independent company taking on the name [[Sensata Technologies]].
===Software===<!-- This section is linked from [[Texas Instruments Software]] -->
TI sold its software division (along with its main product, the [[Information Engineering Facility|IEF]]) to [[Sterling Software]] in 1997. It is now part of [[CA, Inc.|Computer Associates]].
===Competitors===
TI has always been among the Top 10 of the semiconductor sales leaders. In 2005, TI was number 3, after [[Intel]] and [[Samsung]], and ahead of [[Toshiba]] and [[STMicroelectronics]]. ''For more information, refer to the [[Semiconductor sales leaders by year]]''.
TI has the largest market share in the analog semiconductor industry which has an estimated market TAM exceeding US$37 Billion. TI is reported to have 14% of the market, leading ahead of competitors ST Microelectronics, Infineon and Philips according to latest reports<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edn.com/article/CA6319591.html |title=Analog Market to Grow 17% |publisher=Electronic, Design, Strategy News |date=[[28 March]], [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-07-04}}</ref> from [[Gartner]].
==TI today==
Today, TI is made up of two main divisions: Semiconductors (SC) and Educational Technology (ET).
===Semiconductors===
[[Semiconductor]] products account for approximately 96 percent of TI's revenues. TI has a market leading position in many different product areas, including [[digital signal processor]]s in the [[Texas Instruments TMS320|TMS320]] series, high speed [[Digital-to-analog converter|digital-to-analog]] and [[Analog-to-digital converter|analog-to-digital]] converters, [[power management]] solutions, and high performance [[analog circuits]]. Wireless communications has been a primary focus for TI, with around 50 percent of all [[cellular phones]] sold world-wide containing TI chips. TI also manufactures other semiconductor products, ranging from application-specific [[integrated circuits]] to [[microcontrollers]].
====Wireless Terminal Business Unit====
The Wireless Terminal Business Unit (WTBU) of the Semiconductor division was, until 2007 when it was superseded by [[Qualcomm]], the world's largest supplier of wireless chipsets. Mobile Connectivity Solutions (MCS), located in Israel (TIIL) is also part of WTBU, developing chips for Bluetooth and WLAN. WTBU does also have sites in [[Bangalore]] (TII), [[India]], [[Nice]] (TIF), [[France]] and [[Aalborg]], [[Denmark]] (TIDK) doing the reference design.
====Mixed Signal Automotive====
Mixed Signal Automotive is a business unit within High Volume Analog and Logic SBE that manufactures mixed signal and analog solutions for automotive applications.
====Application Specific Products====
Another business unit of the Semiconductor division called Application Specific Products (ASP) develops specific products that cater to a broad range of DSP applications, such as [[digital camera|digital still camera]]s, [[cable modem]]s, [[Voice over IP]] (VOIP), streaming media, [[speech recognition|speech compression and recognition]], [[wireless LAN]] and gateway products (residential and [[central office]]), and [[RFID]].
====DLP====
TI is the sole source for [[DLP|digital light processing]] micro-mirror components, a technology used in video projectors and televisions as well as movie theatres or cinemas. [http://www.dlp.com/cinema/default.aspx DLP Cinema].
====Digital signal processors====
TI makes a broad range of digital signal processors and a suite of tools called [[eXpressDSP]], used to develop applications on these chips.
=====Texas Instruments TMS320=====
:''See main article on [[Texas Instruments TMS320]]''
* [[Texas Instruments TMS320C2000|TMS320C2xxx]] - 16 and 32 bit dsps optimized for control applications.
**C24X - 20 to 40 MHz
**C28X - 100 to 150 MHz
* [[Texas Instruments TMS320C5000|TMS320C5xxx]] - 16 bit fixed point, low power. 100 to 300 MHz
* [[Texas Instruments TMS320C6000|TMS320C6xxx]] - family of High performance DSPs. 300 to 1000 MHz
** Consists of the [[Texas Instruments TMS320C6200|C62xx]], [[Texas Instruments TMS320C6400|C64xx and DM64x]] [[fixed point]] families and the [[floating point]] [[Texas Instruments TMS320C6700|C67xx]]
Others
TMS320C33, TMS320C3x, TMS320C4x, TMS320C5x and TMS320C8x - multiprocessor dsp.
Most of the older DSPs are still available through
[http://focus.ti.com/docs/military/catalog/products/militarycategoryproducttree.jhtml?templateId=5603&navigationId=8868&familyId=44 TI's military dsp site]
=====Multi-core processors=====
*[[OMAP]] microprocessors are designed for multimedia applications. Some contain C55, ARM7, ARM9, or ARM11 cores.
*[[Texas Instruments DaVinci|DaVinci]] microprocessors contain a C64 series core, an ARM9 core, and specialized video processing peripherals.
===Educational technology===
Texas Instruments is also notable for its calculator range, the [[TI-30]] being one of the most popular early [[calculator]]s. TI has also developed a line of [[graphing calculator]]s, the first being the [[TI-81]], and most popular being the [[TI-83 Plus]] (with the [[TI-84 Plus]] being an updated equivalent). TI is often seen as the competitor to [[Hewlett-Packard]] in this regard, with fierce loyalties often arising.
====TI calculator community====
In the 1990s, with the advent of TI's graphing calculator series, programming became popular among some students. The TI-8x series of calculators (beginning with the [[TI-81]]) came with a built-in BASIC interpreter, through which simple programs could be created. The [[TI-85]] was the first TI calculator to allow assembly programming (via a shell called "ZShell"), and the [[TI-83]] was the first in the series to receive native assembly. While the earlier BASIC programs were relatively simple applications or small games, the modern assembly-based programs rival what one might find on a [[Game Boy]] or [[personal digital assistant|PDA]].{{Fact|date=December 2007}}
Around the same time that these programs were first being written, personal web pages were becoming popular (through services such as [[Angelfire]] and [[GeoCities]]), and programmers began creating websites to host their work, along with tutorials and other calculator-relevant information. This led to the formation of TI calculator [[webrings]], and eventually a few large communities, including the now-defunct TI-Files, and active [http://www.ticalc.org ticalc.org]. Ticalc.org is now seen as the authoritative source for programming for TI calculators, and at the site, one can find thousands of applications (including games, educational programs, and even simple operating environments), programming tutorials, calculator news, and discussion forums, among other things.
TI graphing calculators generally fall into two distinct groups, those powered by the [[Zilog Z80]] and those running on the [[Motorola 68000]] series. Although a derivative of the Z80 was in the original [[Game Boy]], the 68000 is far more powerful, and therefore better suited for gaming and processor intensive applications. The 68K calculators, which include the [[TI-89]]/[[TI-89 Titanium|Titanium]], [[TI-92]]/[[TI-92 Plus|Plus]], and [[Voyage 200]], are generally thought of more highly among TI community members than the Z80s. However, the newest of the Z80 series, the [[TI-83 Plus]] and [[TI-84 Plus Silver Edition]], are becoming very popular with students new to the product line.
A recent development are the models of the [[TI-Nspire]] family, which reached the market in fall 2007. These models integrate seamlessly various mathematical software environments and are available as handhelds as well as software.
There is an ongoing debate among financial calculator fans as to whether the popular TI BA II Plus is superior to the iconic Hewlett Packard [[HP-12C]] from 1981. The TI BA II Plus continues to maintain popularity due to its simple and intuitive layout compared to the HP 12c (which uses reverse polish notation). The TI BA II Plus is the only calculator permissible in the [[Chartered Financial Analyst]] exams besides the HP-12C.
===Industry recognition===
In 2007, Texas Instruments was awarded the Manufacturer of the Year for Global Supply Chain Excellence by World Trade magazine. <ref> "Manufacturer of the Year", World Trade, Vol. 20., No. 5, May 2007, p. 20. </ref>
===Acquisitions===
1997 Amati Communications for $395 Million
2000 Telogy
==Corporate governance==
<div class="references" style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
*[[James R. Adams]]
*[[David L. Boren]]
*[[Daniel A. Carp]]
*[[Carrie S. Cox]]
*[[Thomas J. Engibous]] - Chairman
*[[Gerald W. Fronterhouse]]
*[[David R. Goode]]
*[[Pamela H. Patsley]]
*[[Wayne R. Sanders]]
*[[Ruth J. Simmons]]
*[[Richard K. Templeton]]
*[[Christine Todd Whitman]]
</div>
==See also==
* [[TI Advanced Scientific Computer|TI ASC]]
* [[TI-BASIC]]
* [[TI-990]]
* [[United-TI]]
* [[Calculators]]
==Footnotes==
<references/>
==External links==
*'''[http://www.ti.com Texas Instruments]'''
*[http://education.ti.com Texas Instruments calculator subdomain]
*[http://www.gstock.com/quote/txn.html Texas Instruments stock performance chart]
*[http://www.dlp.com DLP website]
*[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/interactivetimeline.shtml TI Key Innovations]
*[http://www.datamath.org www.datamath.org has a lot of information on ancient TI pocket calculators]
*[http://www.ticalc.org The most extensive TI calculator program/information archive]
*[http://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/2008-05-18-texas-instruments-rich-templeton_N.htm USA Today Q&A with CEO Rich Templeton, May 2008.]
{{TI-graphing-calc}}
{{IT giants}}
[[Category:Texas Instruments]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of the United States]]
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[[Category:Semiconductor companies]]
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[[Category:Companies established in 1930]]
[[Category:UML Partners]]
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