Théophile-Jules Pelouze
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2008-05-23T13:15:49Z
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[[Image:Théophile-Jules Pelouze.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Théophile-Jules Pelouze]]
'''Théophile-Jules Pelouze''' (also known as '''Jules Pelouze''', '''Théophile Pelouze''', '''Theo Pelouze''', or '''TJ Pelouze''', [[February 26]], [[1807]] - [[1867]]) was a [[France|French]] [[chemist]]. He was born at [[Valognes]], and died in [[Paris]].
His father, Edmond Pelouze, was an industrial chemist and the author of several technical handbooks. The son, after spending some time in a pharmacy at [[La Fère]] acted as laboratory assistant to [[Gay-Lussac]] and [[Jean Louis Lassaigne]] at Paris from 1827 to 1829. In 1830 he was appointed associate professor of chemistry at [[Lille]], but returning to Paris next year became ''repetiteur'', and subsequently professor at the [[École polytechnique]]. He also held the chair of chemistry at the [[Collège de France]], and in [[1833]] became assayer to the mini and in [[1848]] president of the ''Commission des Monnaies''. He resigned all his public positions in 1852.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Théophile-Jules Pelouze}}</ref>
After the coup d'etat in 1851 he resigned his appointments, but continued to conduct an experimental laboratory-school he had started in 1846. There he worked with the explosive material [[guncotton]] and other [[nitrosulphate]]s. His student [[Ascanio Sobrero]] was the discoverer of [[nitroglycerin]], and another student, [[Alfred Nobel]], was to take that discovery on to great heights in the form of commercial explosives including [[dynamite]].
Though Pelouze made no discovery of outstanding importance, he was a busy investigator, his work including researches on [[salicin]], on [[beetroot sugar]], on various organic acids ([[gallic acid|gallic]], [[malic acid|malic]], [[tartaric acid|tartaric]], [[butyric acid|butyric]], [[lactic acid|lactic]], etc.), on [[oenanthic ether]] (with Liebig), on the nitrosulphates, on guncotton, and on the composition and manufacture of [[glass]].
He also carried out determinations of the [[atomic weight]]s of several elements, and with E. Fremy, published ''Traité de chimie générale'' (1847-1850); ''Abrégé de chimie'' (1848); and ''Notions générales de chimie'' (1853).
He and his wife Marguerite lived in the famous French castle [[Château de Chenonceau]] from 1864 until his death in 1867; she continued to inhabit it until at least 1878.
==References==
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[[Category:1807 births]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:French chemists]]
[[Category:People from Basse-Normandie]]
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