The Meadows
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:''This article describes the park in Edinburgh. For the place in Florida see [[The Meadows, Florida]]. For the concert venue see [[The Meadows (concert venue)]].''
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[[Image:The Meadows Park.jpg|right|thumb|View across the Meadows towards [[Salisbury Crags]] (left) and [[Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh|Arthur's Seat]]]]
'''The Meadows''' is a large public [[park]] in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]], just to the south of the [[city status in the United Kingdom|city]] centre. It consists mostly of open grassland crossed by tree-lined paths, but is also home to children's [[playground]]s, a [[croquet]] club and [[tennis court]]s. In the summer, it is one of the host venues for the [[Edinburgh Festival]], such as the annual [[Edinburgh Fringe|Fringe Sunday]]. It is also now the venue for the start and finish of the Edinburgh MoonWalk, now an annual event involving 12,000 walkers raising money for breast cancer research and treatment.
Being one of the few flat stretches of open land in the central area of the city, it is occasionally host to public protests and rallies, including the 225,000-strong [[Make Poverty History]] march on [[July 2]], [[2005]]. [[Circus]]es frequently visit the Meadows and in March the annual [[Meadows Marathon]] – a charity half marathon and 5km fun run – takes place. Between 1975 and 2005 the [[Meadows Festival]] was held on the first weekend in June. It returned in 2008.
It is bordered by the [[University of Edinburgh]]'s [[George Square, Edinburgh|George Square]] campus and the old [[Edinburgh Royal Infirmary]] complex to the north, and [[Marchmont]] to the south. To the south-west it becomes [[Bruntsfield Links]] where there is a free, public [[pitch and putt]] golf course. Its location makes it a popular route for travelling between the city centre and Marchmont, and because of safety concerns, in 2006 the [[Politics of Edinburgh|City Council]] announced plans to improve the lighting and [[policing in the United Kingdom|policing]] at night.
==History==
The Meadows was originally a [[loch]]: the '''Burgh Loch''' (see [[burgh]]) or '''South Loch''' (cf. [[Nor Loch]]). The loch covered the area from approximately, to the east, Hope Park Terrace, to the west, where Melville Drive becomes Brougham Street, to the south, Melville Drive, and to the north the site of the Old Royal Infirmary, a total of 63 acres. The loch drained from east to west, where the [[burn (stream)|burn]] known as the Loch-rin was sluiced to prevent the water from draining out. It is from this burn that the Lochrin street names in [[Tollcross]] derive. Until Edinburgh's first piped water supply from Comiston arrived in 1621, the loch provided much of the Town's drinking water.
It was partially drained in the mid-17th century and for a time named Straiton's Loch or Straiton's Park after the [[burgess]] who tried to improve the area. In the early 18th century Sir Thomas Hope (c. 1681–1771), an agricultural improver and politician, ordered more drainage work, making the marshy land into a park with a path round the edge, hedges, trees and a small canal. The central tree-lined path known as Middle Meadow Walk followed, and for several decades maps labelled this area as "The Meadows or Hope Park". It is the traditional practice ground of the [[Royal Company of Archers]] whose meeting-place is nearby.
Though animals were grazed there and notable Edinburgh citizens are known to have walked there, there was no full right of public access until the middle of the 19th century when new paths were gradually added criss-crossing the park. An exception to [[city council]] rules against building on the land was allowed for the large glass [[pavilion (structure)|pavilion]] of the 1886 International Exhibition of Industry, Science and Art. The [[whale]] [[jaw]]bones now forming an arch over the Meadows path called Jawbone Walk had originally decorated one of the exhibition's displays.
In the 1870s it became an important venue in the early development of [[football (soccer)|association football]] in Edinburgh. Amongst the numerous fledgling teams using the Meadows were [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.]] and [[Hibernian F.C.]], later to prove the city's preeminent sides, and the first [[Edinburgh Derby|Derby]] match between them was staged there on [[25 December]] [[1875]]. Although a modern plaque has been placed near the whalebone arch to commemorate the event, the main pitch was actually on the eastern fringe of the park, running from east to west, parallel with the Boroughloch Brewery.
The [[Second World War]] brought more than 500 [[allotment (gardening)|allotment]]s to the east end of the Meadows as part of the [[Victory garden|effort]] to make the nation more self-sufficient in food. By 1950 many local residents wanted the area re-turfed, but it was 1966 before the last signs of vegetable cultivation were removed.
In the late 1960s, plans to complete a "flyover" over the Meadows for a trunk road were defeated.
==References==
# Grant, James, "Old and new Edinburgh" volumes 1-3 (or 1-6, edition dependent), Cassell, 1880s (published as a periodical): [http://www.oldandnewedinburgh.co.uk/volume4/page168.html Online edition]
# [http://download.edinburgh.gov.uk/caca/CACAMarchmont_Meadows_draft_.pdf Marchmont and Meadows Conservation Appraisal]
# [http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/map/index.html National Library of Scotland online maps]
# [http://www.scran.ac.uk/ Scran]
# {{cite book | last = Speed | first = David | coauthors = Smith, Bill, Blackwood, Graham | title = Heart of Midlothian Football Club: A Pictorial History 1874-1984 | publisher = Heart of Midlothian F.C. plc | year = 1984 | id = (ISBN 0-9510124-1-X) }}
==See also==
* [[Nor Loch]]
* [[Gogarloch]]
==External links==
* [http://www.meadowsmarathon.org.uk/ Meadows Marathon] - Annual charity Half Marathon and 5km fun run.
* [http://www.fombl.com/ Friends of The Meadows and Bruntsfield Links] (contains [[Java (programming language)|Java]] applet)
* [http://www.meadowscroquet.org.uk/ Meadows Croquet Club]
* [http://www.ecafc.co.uk/ ECA Football Club]
* [http://activetravel2sciennes.wordpress.com/ Active Travel to Sciennes] - local Primary School which uses The Meadows for some activities.
* [http://thepavilioncafe.wordpress.com The Pavilion Cafe]
{{coor title d|55.941368|N|3.194698|W}}
===Photos===
* [http://www.henniker.org.uk/html/bruntM.htm From Dave Henniker's Edinburgh site]
* [http://www.flickr.com/groups/meadowsedinburgh/pool/ Flickr Group]
[[Category:Former lakes]]
[[Category:Lochs of Scotland]] [[Category:Parks and commons in Edinburgh]]
{{otherarticles-alph|Areas of Edinburgh|Areas of Edinburgh|Meadows, The}}
[[pl:The Meadows]]
[[Category: Parks in Scotland]]